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Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/lV-

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ThisProto-Semitic entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

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Etymology

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FromProto-Afroasiatic. CompareEgyptiann,Proto-Berber*n (whenceCentral Atlas Tamazightⵏ(n) andKabylen),Somali-lá(“with, in company with”) and-leh(“with, owning”).

Preposition

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*lV-

for,to

Reconstruction notes

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Though this entry is notated with the symbol for an unspecified vowel, ⟨V⟩, in this case it does not mean the vowel is indeterminate. Rather, both*li- and*la- existed in opposition and became conflated to various degrees in the descendants, such that it is most parsimonious to unify them under one headword. The same is the case for*bV-.

Descendants

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East Semitic:
- (fossiziled)⇒ Akkadian:lapān(“before”)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic:لِـ(li-), before pronominal suffixesلَـ(la-), with other distributions in dialects
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      Old Aramaic:𐤋
      Imperial Aramaic:𐡋(l)
      Biblical Aramaic:ל־
      Jewish Palestinian Aramaic:ל־
      Christian Palestinian Aramaic:ܠ
      Jewish Literary Aramaic:ל־
      Jewish Babylonian Aramaic:ל־
      - Classical Syriac:ܠ-
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew:לְ־, ל־, לִ־, לַ־, לֶ־, לָ־(lə-, l-, li-, la-, le-, lā-),אֶל(ʾel)(wholly or only its second half)
      - Phoenician:𐤀𐤋(ʾl)(wholly or only its second half)
    - Ugaritic:𐎍(l/⁠le⁠/)
    - → Akkadian:la
  - Old South Arabian:
    - Hadrami:-𐩡(-l)
    - Minaean:-𐩡(-l)
    - Qatabanian:-𐩡(-l)
    - Sabaean:-𐩡(-l)
- Modern South Arabian:
  - Mehri:l-
  - Shehri:l-
  - Soqotri:le(“distributive”)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - North Ethiopian Semitic:
    - Ge'ez:ለ-(lä-)
    - Tigre:እል(ʾəl) and fused inለዐል(läʿäl,“above”)
    - Tigrinya:ል-(lə-)(dialectal),-ል(-l), fused inላዕሊ(laʿli,“above”)
  - South Ethiopian Semitic:
    - Amharic:ለ-(lä-)
    - Harari:-ሌ(-le,postposition)

References

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Bravmann, Meïr Max (1977), “Expressions based on the nounyawm- ‘day’”, inStudies in Semitic Philology (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 6), Leiden: E. J. Brill,→ISBN, page390

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