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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yúHs

    From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
    ThisProto-Indo-European entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence.

    Proto-Indo-European

    [edit]

    Pronoun

    [edit]

    *yúHs[1][2][3]

    1. you (plural)

    Alternative reconstructions

    [edit]

    Declension

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    A user suggests that this Proto-Indo-European reconstruction entry be cleaned up, giving the reason:“manual table should be moved to a template”.
    Please see the discussion onRequests for cleanup(+) or thetalk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.
    Andrew Sihler's reconstruction[7]
    dualplural
    nominative*yū́h₁ (?*yūh₁)*yū́s (?*yúHs)
    accusative*uh₁-wé ~ *wō̆h₁*usmé ~ *wō̆s
    genitive?*usóm ~ *wō̆s
    ablative?*usm-ét
    dative?*usm-éy ~ *wō̆s
    Donald Ringe's reconstruction[5]
    dualplural
    nominative*yú*yū́
    accusative*uh₃wé ~ *woh₃*uswé ~ *wos
    genitive?? ~*wos
    dative?? ~*wos
    Alwin Kloekhorst's reconstruction[8]
    Proto-Nuclear-Indo-Europeanplural
    nominative*yuH
    accusative*us ~ *wōs (?)
    genitive?
    dative?
    oblique*us- ~ *wos
    Outer-Anatolian IEplural
    nominative*yuH
    oblique*us-
    enclitic*wos
    Proto-Indo-Europeanplural
    nominative?
    accusative?
    oblique?
    Robert Beekes' reconstruction[4]
    plural
    nominative*yuH
    accusative*usmé ~ *wōs
    genitive*yus(er)o- ~ *wos
    ablative*usmed
    dative*usmey
    locative*usmi
    instrumental?
    poss. adj.*usos
    Frederik Kortlandt's reconstruction[6]
    dualplural
    nominative*yuh₁-*yu-
    accusative*uh₁e*usme
    genitive*woh₁*wos
    ablative??
    dative??
    locative*uh₁i*usmi
    Michiel de Vaan's reconstruction[9]
    plural
    nominative*yúH(s)
    accusative*wōs
    genitive*wos/*wes
    ablative?
    dative?
    poss. adj.*us-tero-s?

    Derived terms

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    Unsorted formations
    • *wes-teros

    Descendants

    [edit]
    • >? Proto-Albanian:*ju(s)
      • Albanian:ju(or from oblique*wos > *wë with added j-[10])
    • ? Armenian:
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:*jūˀs
    • Proto-Germanic:*jūz,*jut (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:*yúHš (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Tocharian:*yes[12](conflated with oblique stem)
      • Tocharian A:yas
      • Tocharian B:yes

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^Dunkel, George E. (2014),Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter,→ISBN, page389
    2. ^Mallory, J. P. withAdams, D. Q. (2006),The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press,→ISBN,page417
    3. ^Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “yūyám”, inThe Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page625
    4. 4.04.14.2Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011),Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected byMichiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages233-4
    5. 5.05.1Ringe, Donald (2006),From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press,→ISBN,page57:yū́ (< **yúy ?)
    6. 6.06.1Kortlandt, Frederik (2006),Balto-Slavic Personal Pronouns and Their Accentuation[2], Leiden University
    7. ^Sihler, Andrew L. (1995),New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press,→ISBN, pages372-373
    8. ^Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008),Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages111-115
    9. ^De Vaan, Michiel (2008),Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page631,691
    10. 10.010.110.210.310.410.510.6Dunkel, George E. (2014), “*u̯ó- 'euch'”, inLexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter,→ISBN, pages855-860
    11. ^Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017–2018), “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S.,Joseph, Brian D.,Fritz, Matthias, editors,Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft[Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science];41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton,→ISBN, § The morphology of Indo-Iranian, page1904:*u̯ā
    12. ^Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “tuwe”, inA dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European;10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi,→ISBN


    v  d  e
    PIE pronouns

    *éǵh₂ ·*wéy ·*túh₂ ·*yúHs ·*swé ·*só ·*ís ·*kʷís ·*h₁énos ·*Hyós

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