Proto-Indo-European
[edit]From*werh₁-(“to speak, say”), with the extension*-dʰh₁-o- (from*dʰeh₁-(“to put”)), which expresses the perfective aspect.[1]
*werdʰh₁om n (non-ablauting)
- word
| Thematic |
|---|
| singular |
|---|
| nominative | *werdʰh₁om |
|---|
| genitive | *werdʰh₁osyo |
|---|
| singular | dual | plural |
|---|
| nominative | *werdʰh₁om | *werdʰh₁oy(h₁) | *werdʰh₁eh₂ |
|---|
| vocative | *werdʰh₁om | *werdʰh₁oy(h₁) | *werdʰh₁eh₂ |
|---|
| accusative | *werdʰh₁om | *werdʰh₁oy(h₁) | *werdʰh₁eh₂ |
|---|
| genitive | *werdʰh₁osyo | *? | *werdʰh₁oHom |
|---|
| ablative | *werdʰh₁ead | *? | *werdʰh₁omos,*werdʰh₁obʰos |
|---|
| dative | *werdʰh₁oey | *? | *werdʰh₁omos,*werdʰh₁obʰos |
|---|
| locative | *werdʰh₁ey,*werdʰh₁oy | *? | *werdʰh₁oysu |
|---|
| instrumental | *werdʰh₁oh₁ | *? | *werdʰh₁ōys |
|---|
- Based on the different gradations in descendants, this word likely exhibited ablaut between the stems*wérdʰh₁- ~ *wordʰh₁- ~ *wr̥dʰh₁-; however, it has beenthematicized in all descendants and so the particular declension type may be unreconstructible.
- It is possible that Latinverbum actually reflects the zero-grade oro-grade, if it underwent an early shift*vor- >ver-,[2] in which case thee-grade would be unrepresented (unless Umbrian𐌖𐌄𐌓𐌚𐌀𐌋𐌄(uerfale,“temple”) is a valid descendant).
- ^Friedrich Kluge (1989), “Wort”, inElmar Seebold, editor,Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter,→ISBN
- ^De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “verbum”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages664–665
- ^“Wort” in: Deutsches Wörterbuch (Grimm)
- Hackstein, Olav (2002), “Uridg. *CH.CC > *C.CC”, inHistorische Sprachforschung[1] (in German), volume115, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,→ISSN, section 3.2, page 14 of 1–22
