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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pewǵ-

    From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
    		ThisProto-Indo-European entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence.

    Proto-Indo-European

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    Etymology

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  • Probably not related to*pewḱ-(“pine”).[1]

    Root

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    *pewǵ-[1][2][3][4]

    1. topunch,fist-fight
    2. toprick,poke,stab

    Derived terms

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    • *pu-né-ǵ-ti ~ *pu-n-ǵ-énti(nasal-infix present)[2]
    • *powǵ-éye-ti(o-grade*-éyeti iterative[5])
    • *puǵ-s
      • Proto-Hellenic:*púks
        • Ancient Greek:πύξ(púx,“with fists, in a fist-fight”)
    • *puǵ-i-h₃onh₂-
    • *puǵ-li-s[1]
      • Proto-Italic:*pugls
        • Latin:pugil(“boxer, fist-fighter”)
    • *puǵ-méh₂
    • ?*puǵ-neh₂
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic:*fukkōną(“to strike, copulate”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ?*pouǵ-neh₂
    • *puǵ-nó-s[2]
    • >?*pu-n-ǵ-sti-s
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Proto-Germanic:*funstiz(“fist”)(<*funkstiz)
        • Proto-West Germanic:*fūsti (see there for further descendants)
    • *puǵ-teh₂-s

    See also

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    References

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    1. ↑1.01.11.2Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πυγμή”, inEtymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN, page1254: “*puḱ, *puǵ- 'sting'”
    2. ↑2.02.12.2De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pungō”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page499: “*pu-n(e)g/k-”
    3. ^“pugnacious”, inCollins English Dictionary: “*peuĝ-, to punch”
    4. ^Mallory, J. P. withAdams, D. Q. (2006), “*peug- 'prick, poke'”, inThe Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press,→ISBN,page377
    5. ^Le Mair, Esther (30 September 2011),Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses, Galway: National University of Ireland, page256
    6. ^Stüber, Karin (1998),The Historical Morphology ofn-Stems in Celtic (Maynooth studies in Celtic linguistics; III), Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, Maynooth,→ISBN, page77
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