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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pī́ts

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ThisProto-Indo-European entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence.

ThisProto-Indo-European entry containsoriginal research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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Suggested to be from*péyh₂-d-s ~ *pih₂-d-s-és, from*peyh₂-(“to swell (with milk, resin)”), cognate withTocharian Bpitke(“fat, grease, oil”),Proto-Germanic*faitaz(“fat”),Proto-Indo-Iranian*piHtú(“fat, tallow; food”); compare semantics ofHittite𒊭𒂵𒀭(ša-ga-an,“(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin”).^[1] Alternatively, related to*pewḱ-(“pine”).^[2]

Noun

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*pī́ts m

pitch,resin
Synonyms:*gʷétu,*sokʷós
pine tree

Inflection

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Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*pī́ts
genitive	*pitsés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pī́ts	*pī́tsh₁(e)	*pī́tses
vocative	*pī́ts	*pī́tsh₁(e)	*pī́tses
accusative	*pī́tsm̥	*pī́tsh₁(e)	*pī́tsm̥s
genitive	*pitsés	*?	*pitsóHom
ablative	*pitsés	*?	pitsmós,pitsbʰós
dative	*pitséy	*?	pitsmós,pitsbʰós
locative	pī́ts,pī́tsi	*?	*pitsú
instrumental	*pitséh₁	*?	pitsmís,pitsbʰís

Alternative reconstructions

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*pik-^[1]^[2]
*péyh₂-d-s ~ *pih₂-d-s-és

Derived terms

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*pī́t-u-s ~ *pit-éw-s
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek:πῐ́τῠς(pĭ́tŭs,“pine”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:*pī́tuš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:*pī́tuṣ
    - Sanskrit:*पीतु॑(*pī́tu)
      - ⇒ Sanskrit:पीतु॑दारु(pī́tudāru,“resin tree”)

*pits-nó-s^[1]^[3]
- Proto-Italic:*pīnos
  - Latin:pīnus(“pine”) (see there for further descendants)

*píts-ih₂ ~ *pits-yéh₂^[1]^[4]
- Proto-Albanian:*pitšā
  - Albanian:píshë(“pine tree”)

Descendants

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>? Proto-Tocharian:*päits
- ⇒ Proto-Tocharian:*päits-ko-
  - Tocharian B:pitke(“fat, grease, oil”)
>? Proto-Germanic:*faitaz(“fat”) (see there for further descendants)

References

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↑^1.0^1.1^1.2^1.3Pokorny, Julius (1959), “pei̯(ə)- pī̆- ,”, inIndogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag,page793
↑^2.0^2.1Mallory, J. P. withAdams, D. Q. (2006), “*pik-”, inThe Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press,→ISBN,page161
^De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pīnus”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page467: “*pit-sno-”
^
^{The templateTemplate:R:sq:Demiraj:1997 does not use the parameter(s):2=3213=*pis-num4=*pīt-s-i̭ā
Please seeModule:checkparams for help with this warning.}Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “písh/ë,-a”, inAlbanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi

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