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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mey-

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ThisProto-Indo-European entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Root

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*mey-^[1]

tostrengthen

Derived terms

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Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (strengthen)(13 c, 0 e)

*moy-ni-
- Italic:
  - Latin:moenia,mūniō (see there for further descendants)
*moy-ro-
- Proto-Germanic:*mairiją (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic:*moiros (see there for further descendants)

Root

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*mey-^[2]

tobind

Derived terms

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Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (bind)(1 c, 0 e)

*mi-néw-ti ~ *mi-nw-énti(new-present)
- Proto-Celtic:*minuti
  - ⇒ Old Irish:do·dímen
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:*mináwti
  - Sanskrit:मिनोति(minoti,“to fix, establish”)
*mi-tró-
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek:μίτρα f(mítra)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:*mitrás m (see there for further descendants)

Root

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*mey-^[3]

tochange
toexchange
to change places → togo past

Alternative reconstructions

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*h₂mey-, if*h₂meygʷ-(“to exchange, to wander”) (compare Ancient Greekἀμείβω(ameíbō) and Latinmigro) belongs here.

Derived terms

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Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (change)(28 c, 0 e)

*h₂meygʷ-(possibly)
*méy-e-tor
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:*máyatay
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:*máyatay
    - Sanskrit:मयते(máyate)
*mi-s-dʰ(h₁)-ó-s
*mey-eh₂-yeti
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:*mejāˀtei
  - Proto-Slavic:*mijati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic:*meāō
  - Latin:meō
*meyḱ-, *meyǵ-(possibly)
*m(e)y-t-s
- Italic:
  - Latin:(trā)mes(with*terh₂-) (see there for further descendants)
*mi-t-eh₂
- Proto-Italic:*sēmitā
  - Latin:(sē)mita(with*swé) (see there for further descendants)
*moy-teh₂
- Proto-Italic:*moitā
  - ⇒ Latin:mūtō (see there for further descendants)
*meyth₂-
*mi-néh₁-ti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:*mináHti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:*mináHti
    - Sanskrit:मिनाति(mināti,“to change”)
*mey-n-eh₂-
- Celtic:
  - Old Irish:mían(“desire, inclination”)
*moy-n-eh₂
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:*mainā́ˀ
  - Eastern Baltic:
    - Latvian:maîna,maĩņa
  - Proto-Slavic:*měna (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:*máynaH
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:*máynaH
    - Sanskrit:मेना(ménā,“concubine”)
*moy-n-éye-ti-(causative suffix)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:*máinīˀtei
  - Latgalian:maineitʹ
  - Latvian:mainīt
  - Lithuanian:mainyti
  - Proto-Slavic:*měniti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic:*mainijaną(“to mean, think”) (see there for further descendants)
*moy-no-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Eastern Baltic:
    - Lithuanian:mai̇̃nas
- Proto-Hellenic:*móinos
  - Ancient Greek:μοῖνος(moînos)
*moy-nos ~ *moy-nes-os
- Proto-Italic:*moinos (see there for further descendants)
*moy-ni-
- Proto-Celtic:*moinis(“treasure, precious object”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic:*mainiz(“common”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic:*moinis
  - Latin:mūnis(“ready to be of service”),mūnia(“duties, functions”)
*ḱom-moy-ni-
- Proto-Germanic:*gamainiz(“shared, ordinary”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic:*kommoinis (see there for further descendants)
*n̥-moy-ni-
- Proto-Italic:*enmoinis
  - Latin:immūnis(“exempt from taxes or public service”) (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Latgalian:meitʹ(“to exchange”)
  - Latgalian:meja(“change”)
  - Lithuanian:mît(“to exchange”)
  - Proto-Slavic:*mimo (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Slavic:*mito(“turn, twist, arc”)
  - Proto-Slavic:*minǫti(“to pass”) (see there for further descendants)
    - ⇒ Proto-Slavic:*mitě(“in turn, following, alternately”) (see there for further descendants)
- Celtic:
  - Middle Welsh:tremyn(“to go past”)

Root

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*mey-^[4]^[5]

small,little

Alternative reconstructions

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*meyh₁-^[6]
See also*smey-, whence Latinmīca, Ancient Greekσμικρός(smikrós)/μικρός(mikrós), Englishsmicker.

Derived terms

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Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (small)(6 c, 0 e)

*mi-néh₁-ti ~ *mi-nh₁-énti^[7]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:*mináHti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:*mináHti
    - Sanskrit:मिनाति(minā́ti,“he damages, diminishes”)
*mi-néw-ti ~ *mi-nw-énti^[8]^[9]
*mi-nu-yṓs ~ *mi-nw-is-és(“smaller, less”,comparative) (with*nu from the verb)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:*minijas
  - Proto-Slavic:*mьňьjь (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic:*minniz,*minnizô (see there for further descendants)
*mi-nṓs(“smaller, less”,comparative) (with*n from the verb)
- Proto-Italic:*minōs,*minos
  - Latin:minor,minus
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Germanic:*maiwaz(“slim, narrow”)
  - Old Norse:mjór
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek:μείων(meíōn,“less, smaller”)
  - Ancient Greek:μινύθω(minúthō,“to disappear, to lessen”)
  - Ancient Greek:μίνυνθα(mínuntha,“for a little while”)
- Italic:
  - Latin:minimus(“smallest”)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B:maiwe(“small, young”)^[7]

References

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^Pokorny, Julius (1959)Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag,page709
^Pokorny, Julius (1959)Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag,page710
^Pokorny, Julius (1959)Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag,page710
^Philippa, Marlies,Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke,van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “minder”, inEtymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
^Pokorny, Julius (1959)Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag,page711
^De Vaan, Michiel (2008)Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN
↑^7.0^7.1De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “minor, -or, -us”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages381–382
^Ringe, Donald (2006)From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press,→ISBN, page139
^Calin, Didier (2017) “to lessen”, inDictionary of Indo-European Poetic and Religious Themes (Linguistique; 3), Les Cent Chemins,→ISBN, page135: “*minéuti”

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