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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/med-

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ThisProto-Indo-European entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Alternative forms

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*meh₁-(through the Kortlandt effect^[1])

Root

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*med-^[2]

Derived terms

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Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *med-(37 c, 0 e)

*mḗd-eti ~ *méd-eti(thematic root present)^[3]^[4]
- Proto-Germanic:*metaną(“to measure”)^[4] (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic:*mētiz(“estimable”) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic:*mōtaną(from a secondary perfect*me-mṓd-e)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek:μέδω(médō,“to protect”)
  - Ancient Greek:μέδομαι(médomai,“to provide for”)
  - Ancient Greek:μήδομαι(mḗdomai,“to deliberate, estimate”)
*med-eh₁-(ye)-ti(stative)^[3]
- Proto-Italic:*medēōr(“to heal”)^[2]
  - Latin:medeor (see there for further descendants)
*mēd-yé-ti(o-grade ye-present)^[5]
- Proto-Celtic:*medyetor(“to measure, judge”)^[6]
  - Proto-Brythonic:*mėðɨd
    - Old Cornish:medhes
    - Middle Welsh:meðu
      - Welsh:meddu
  - Old Irish:midithir
- Proto-Tocharian:*meim^[5]
  - Tocharian A:mem
  - Tocharian B:maim
*méd-tus^[6]^[2]
- Proto-Celtic:*messus^[6]
  - Old Irish:mess(“judgement”)
*med-os ~ *med-es(“measure”)^[7]
- Proto-Italic:*modos
  - Latin:modus (see there for further descendants)
  - Volscian:medix
*mḗd-os ~ *méd-os
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian:միտ(mit,“mind, intellect”)
- Proto-Germanic:*mētō(“measure, size”)^[4] (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic:*metōną^[4] (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic:*metōduz(“god”)^[4]
    - Old English:metod,meted,metud,meotod,meotud
    - Old Saxon:metod
    - Old Norse:mjǫtuðr
- Proto-Hellenic:*mḗdeha
  - Ancient Greek:μήδεα(mḗdea)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Albanian:*matśi
- Albanian:mas
Proto-Germanic:*metaþs(“measure”) (see there for further descendants)
Indo-Iranian:
- Iranian:
  - Eastern Iranian:
    - Avestan:𐬬𐬍𐬨𐬀𐬛(vīmad,“physician”)
  - Old Persian:[script needed](azdā,“known”)
  - Western Iranian:
    - Northern Kurdish:pîvan

References

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^Garnier, Romain (2014), “Nouvelles réflexions sur l’effet-Kortlandt”, inGlotta‎^[1] (in French), volume90, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages140-160
↑^2.0^2.1^2.2De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “medeor”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page368
↑^3.0^3.1Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*med-”, inLexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,→ISBN,page423
↑^4.0^4.1^4.2^4.3^4.4Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*metan-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston:Brill,→ISBN,page367
↑^5.0^5.1Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “maim”, inA Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European;10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi,→ISBN,page507
↑^6.0^6.1^6.2Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*med-o-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden:Brill,→ISBN,page261
^De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “modus”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page384

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