Proto-Indo-European [ edit ] Athematic root present of*h₁ed- ( “ to eat ” ) .
*h₁édti (imperfective )[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] [ 7] [ 8]
toeat Imperfective, athematic 3rd singular *h₁édti 3rd plural *h₁dénti Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative 1st singular *h₁édmi *h₁édm̥ — *h₁édoh₂ *h₁dyéh₁m̥ 2nd singular *h₁édsi *h₁éds *h₁éd ,*h₁ddʰí *h₁édesi *h₁dyéh₁s 3rd singular *h₁édti *h₁édt *h₁édtu *h₁édeti *h₁dyéh₁t 1st dual *h₁dwós *h₁dwé — *h₁édowos *h₁dih₁wé 2nd dual *h₁dtés *h₁dtóm *h₁dtóm *h₁édetes *h₁dih₁tóm 3rd dual *h₁dtés *h₁dtā́m *h₁dtā́m *h₁édetes *h₁dih₁tā́m 1st plural *h₁dmós *h₁dmé — *h₁édomos *h₁dih₁mé 2nd plural *h₁dté *h₁dté *h₁dté *h₁édete *h₁dih₁té 3rd plural *h₁dénti *h₁dént *h₁déntu *h₁édonti *h₁dih₁ént Participle *h₁dónts Middle voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative 1st singular *h₁dh₂ér *h₁dh₂é — *h₁édoh₂er *h₁dih₁h₂é 2nd singular *h₁dth₂ér *h₁dth₂é *h₁dsó *h₁édeth₂er *h₁dih₁th₂é 3rd singular *h₁dtór ,*h₁dór *h₁dtó ,*h₁dó *? *h₁édetor *h₁dih₁tó ,*h₁dih₁ó 1st dual *h₁dwósdʰh₂ *h₁dwédʰh₂ — *h₁édowosdʰh₂ *h₁dih₁wédʰh₂ 2nd dual *? *? *? *? *? 3rd dual *? *? *? *? *? 1st plural *h₁dmósdʰh₂ *h₁dmédʰh₂ — *h₁édomosdʰh₂ *h₁dih₁médʰh₂ 2nd plural *h₁ddʰh₂wé *h₁ddʰh₂wé *h₁ddʰh₂wé *h₁édedʰh₂we *h₁dih₁dʰh₂wé 3rd plural *h₁dn̥tór ,*h₁drór *h₁dn̥tó ,*h₁dró *? *h₁édontor *h₁dih₁ró Participle *h₁dm̥h₁nós
Alternative reconstructions [ edit ] Proto-Anatolian:*ʔed- ~ *ʔd- [ 9] see there for further descendants ) Proto-Balto-Slavic:*ḗˀdtei ( earlier ) Proto-Balto-Slavic:*ḗˀstei see there for further descendants ) Proto-Celtic:*essi see there for further descendants ) Proto-Germanic:*etaną see there for further descendants ) Proto-Hellenic:*édō ( thematic ) see there for further descendants ) Proto-Indo-Iranian:*Hátˢti see there for further descendants ) Proto-Italic:*edō see there for further descendants ) ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013 ), “*etan-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;11 )[1] Brill ,→ISBN page119 ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008 ), “edō”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN pages185-186 ^ Derksen, Rick (2008 ), “*ě̀sti”, inEtymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill,→ISBN page154 ^ Derksen, Rick (2015 ), “ėsti”, inEtymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;13 ), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN pages157-158 ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995 ),New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin , Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press,→ISBN ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009 ), “*ed-o-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden:Brill ,→ISBN page113 ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010 ), “ἔδω ”, inEtymological Dictionary of Greek 10 ), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN 375 ^ Mallory, J. P. ,Adams, D. Q. , editors (1997 ), “*h₁édmi”, inEncyclopedia of Indo-European Culture page175 ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008 ), “ed-zi / ad-”, inEtymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN pages309-311 
