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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwikwaz

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
ThisProto-Germanic entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

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Etymology

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FromProto-Indo-European*gʷih₃wós(alive).

This word has been supposed to be an example of anh₃w > >kw shift termedCowgill's Law (see there for more). However, Kroonen, Steer, and Kölligan[1] give their own alternative explanations without invoking such a sound law:

  • Kroonen reconstructs*gʷih₃wós as a reduplicated*gʷigʷh₃wós, with*kwiwaz and other Indo-European relatives dissimilating the second labiovelar to*w;*kwikwaz would be due to irregular preservation or secondary restoration of the reduplication.[2]
  • Steer presumes that*kwiwaz came first from a shortening of (<*ih₃) before the once-accented final syllable, and the*-kw- came from assimilation to the word-initial consonant.
  • Kölligan rejects derivation of*kwikwaz from*gʷih₃wós altogether, instead proposing a different reduplication*gʷi-gʷh₂-ó-s from*gʷeh₂-(to step).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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*kwikwaz

  1. alive
  2. lively,quick

Inflection

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Declension of*kwikwaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singularplural
masculinefeminineneutermasculinefeminineneuter
nominative*kwikwaz*kwikwō*kwikwą, -atō*kwikwai*kwikwôz*kwikwō
accusative*kwikwanǭ*kwikwǭ*kwikwą, -atō*kwikwanz*kwikwōz*kwikwō
genitive*kwikwas, -is*kwikwaizōz*kwikwas, -is*kwikwaizǫ̂*kwikwaizǫ̂*kwikwaizǫ̂
dative*kwikwammai*kwikwaizōi*kwikwammai*kwikwaimaz*kwikwaimaz*kwikwaimaz
instrumental*kwikwanō*kwikwaizō*kwikwanō*kwikwaimiz*kwikwaimiz*kwikwaimiz
Weak declension
singularplural
masculinefeminineneutermasculinefeminineneuter
nominative*kwikwô*kwikwǭ*kwikwô*kwikwaniz*kwikwōniz*kwikwōnō
accusative*kwikwanų*kwikwōnų*kwikwô*kwikwanunz*kwikwōnunz*kwikwōnō
genitive*kwikwiniz*kwikwōniz*kwikwiniz*kwikwanǫ̂*kwikwōnǫ̂*kwikwanǫ̂
dative*kwikwini*kwikwōni*kwikwini*kwikwammaz*kwikwōmaz*kwikwammaz
instrumental*kwikwinē*kwikwōnē*kwikwinē*kwikwammiz*kwikwōmiz*kwikwammiz

Alternative reconstructions

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^Kölligan, Daniel (2020), “The walking and the dead: a note on Gmc. *kwikwa- ‘alive’”, inHistorische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics[1], volume133, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,→ISSN,→JSTOR, pages155–166
  2. ^Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kwiwa- ~ *kwikwa-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston:Brill,→ISBN,page320
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwikwaz&oldid=88086634"
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