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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaupaną

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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

ThisProto-Germanic entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

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Etymology

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FromProto-Indo-European*klewb-(“to spring; to hop”). CompareLithuanianklùpti,Latvianklupt(“to stumble”).^[1]

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key):/ˈxlɑu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

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*hlaupaną

tojump forward, toleap

Inflection

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Conjugation of*hlaupaną (strong class 7b)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hlaupō	*hlaupaų	—	*hlaupai	?
2nd singular	*hlaupizi	*hlaupaiz	*hlaup	*hlaupazai	*hlaupaizau
3rd singular	*hlaupidi	*hlaupai	*hlaupadau	*hlaupadai	*hlaupaidau
1st dual	*hlaupōz	*hlaupaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hlaupadiz	*hlaupaidiz	*hlaupadiz	—	—
1st plural	*hlaupamaz	*hlaupaim	—	*hlaupandai	*hlaupaindau
2nd plural	*hlaupid	*hlaupaid	*hlaupid	*hlaupandai	*hlaupaindau
3rd plural	*hlaupandi	*hlaupain	*hlaupandau	*hlaupandai	*hlaupaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hehlaup	*hehlaupį̄
2nd singular	*hehlauft	*hehlaupīz
3rd singular	*hehlaup	*hehlaupī
1st dual	*hehlaupū	*hehlaupīw
2nd dual	*hehlaupudiz	*hehlaupīdiz
1st plural	*hehlaupum	*hehlaupīm
2nd plural	*hehlaupud	*hehlaupīd
3rd plural	*hehlaupun	*hehlaupīn

	present	past
participles	*hlaupandz	*hlaupanaz

Related terms

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Descendants

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Proto-West Germanic:*hlaupan
- Old English:hlēapan
  - Middle English:lepen,leapen,leopen,leppen,luppen
    - English:leap
    - Scots:lepe,leip,leap
- Old Frisian:hlāpa
  - Saterland Frisian:loope
  - West Frisian:ljeppe
- Old Saxon:hlōpan
  - Middle Low German:lôpen
    - Low German:lopen
- Old Dutch:lōpan
  - Middle Dutch:lôpen
    - Dutch:lopen,loopen(archaic)
      - Afrikaans:loop
      - Negerhollands:loop,loo,lo,lu
      - Skepi Creole Dutch:lop,louphe,luffi,loup
    - Limburgish:loupe
  - → Central Franconian:loope
- Old High German:hloufan,loufan
  - Middle High German:loufen
    - Alemannic German:laufe,lauffe,loufe
      Swabian:laufe
      Vorarlbergisch:loufa
    - Bavarian:laffa
      Cimbrian:loavan,lóofan(Sette Comuni)
      Mòcheno:
    - Central Franconian:loofe,laafe
      Hunsrik:laafe
      Kölsch:laufe,loufe
      Luxembourgish:lafen
    - East Central German:
      Erzgebirgisch:laafn
      Upper Saxon German:loofen
      Vilamovian:łaojfa
    - East Franconian:
    - German:laufen
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Pennsylvania German:laafe
    - Yiddish:לויפֿן(loyfn)
- →⇒ Old French:gualoper,galoper (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse:hlaupa
- Icelandic:hlaupa
- Faroese:leypa
- Norn:lopa
- Norwegian Nynorsk:laupa
- Elfdalian:lopa
- Old Swedish:lø̄pa
  - Swedish:löpa
    - → Elfdalian:löpa
- Old Danish:løpæ
  - Danish:løbe
    - Norwegian Bokmål:løpe
      - → Norwegian Nynorsk:løpa
  - Scanian:lǿba
- Old Gutnish:laupa
  - Gutnish:laupe
- → Middle English:lopen,loupen,laupen
  - English:lope
  - Scots:lowp,loup
  - Yola:laupe
⇒ Gothic:𐌿𐍃𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌽(ushlaupan)

References

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^Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hlaupan-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston:Brill,→ISBN,page229

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