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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaumijaną

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ThisProto-Germanic entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

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Etymology

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From*gaumaz(“heed”) +‎*-janą.^[1]

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key):/ˈɣɑu̯.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

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*gaumijaną^[1]^[2]

toheed,notice,observe,keep

Inflection

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Conjugation of*gaumijaną (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*gaumijō	*gaumijaų	—	*gaumijai	?
2nd singular	*gaumīsi	*gaumijais	*gaumī	*gaumijasai	*gaumijaisau
3rd singular	*gaumīþi	*gaumijai	*gaumijaþau	*gaumijaþai	*gaumijaiþau
1st dual	*gaumijōs	*gaumijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gaumijaþiz	*gaumijaiþiz	*gaumijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gaumijamaz	*gaumijaim	—	*gaumijanþai	*gaumijainþau
2nd plural	*gaumīþ	*gaumijaiþ	*gaumīþ	*gaumijanþai	*gaumijainþau
3rd plural	*gaumijanþi	*gaumijain	*gaumijanþau	*gaumijanþai	*gaumijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gaumidǭ	*gaumidēdį̄
2nd singular	*gaumidēz	*gaumidēdīz
3rd singular	*gaumidē	*gaumidēdī
1st dual	*gaumidēdū	*gaumidēdīw
2nd dual	*gaumidēdudiz	*gaumidēdīdiz
1st plural	*gaumidēdum	*gaumidēdīm
2nd plural	*gaumidēdud	*gaumidēdīd
3rd plural	*gaumidēdun	*gaumidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*gaumijandz	*gaumidaz

Descendants

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Proto-West Germanic:*gaumijan
- Old English:ġīeman,ġīman,ġȳman
  - Middle English:ȝemen,yemen
    - English:yeme(obsolete)
- Old Saxon:gōmian
  - Middle Low German:gômen,gȫmen
- Old Dutch:*gōmen
  - Middle Dutch:gômen
    - Dutch:gomen(obsolete)
- Old High German:goumen
  - Middle High German:goumen
    - Alemannic German:gaume
Old Norse:geyma
- Icelandic:geyma
- Faroese:goyma
- Norwegian Nynorsk:gøyma
- Norwegian Bokmål:gjømme
- Old Swedish:gø̄ma
  - Swedish:gömma
- Old Danish:gø̄mæ,gēmæ,gǣmæ,gømmæ,gimmæ,giø̄ma
  - Danish:gemme
    - Norwegian Bokmål:gjemme
Gothic:𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽(gaumjan)

References

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↑^1.0^1.1Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gauma-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston:Brill,→ISBN,page171/172: “*gaumjan-”
^Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒaumjanan”, inA Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston:Brill,→ISBN,page128

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