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English

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See also:english

English

EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

Etymology

FromMiddle EnglishEnglisch,English,Inglis, fromOld EnglishEnglisċ(“of the Angles; English”), fromEngle(“theAngles”), a Germanic tribe +‎-isċ; equivalent toEngle +‎-ish. CompareWest FrisianIngelsk,ScotsInglis (olderynglis),DutchEngels,Danishengelsk,Old FrenchEnglesche (whenceFrenchanglais),Germanenglisch,Spanishinglés, all ultimately derived fromProto-Indo-European*h₂enǵʰ-(“narrow”) (compareSanskritअंहु(áṃhu,“narrow”),अंहस्(áṃhas,“anxiety, sin”),Latinangustus(“narrow”),Old Church Slavonicѫзъкъ(ǫzŭkŭ,“narrow”)). More atAngles (tribe) § Etymology on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Pronunciation

Adjective

English (comparativemoreEnglish,superlativemostEnglish)

  2. Of or pertaining toEngland.
  4. English-language; of or pertaining to thelanguage, descended fromAnglo-Saxon, which developed in England.
    Those immigrants Anglicised their names to make them sound moreEnglish.
    • 2020,Abi Daré,The Girl With The Louding Voice, Sceptre, page187:
      Honest, honest,English is just a language of confusions.
  6. Of or pertaining to the people ofEngland (e.g.Englishmen andEnglishwomen).
    • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter II, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC:
      Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like anEnglish tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.
    • 2019 November 25, Peter C. Mancall, “Pilgrims survived until the first Thanksgiving thanks to an epidemic that devastated Native Americans”, inCNN‎[1]:
      These firstEnglish migrants to Jamestown endured terrible disease and arrived during a period of drought and colder-than-normal winters. The migrants to Roanoke on the outer banks of Carolina, where theEnglish had gone in the 1580s, disappeared. And a brief effort to settle the coast of Maine in 1607 and 1608 failed because of an unusually bitter winter.
  8. Of or pertaining to theavoirdupois system of measure.
    anEnglish ton
  10. (Amish) Non-Amish, so named for speaking English rather than a variety of German.
  12. (film, television)Denoting averticalorientation of thebarn doors on a camera.
    Coordinate term:Chinese

Synonyms

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Terms derived fromEnglish (adjective)

Translations

of or pertaining to England
of or pertaining to the English language
of or pertaining to an Englishman, Englishwoman, the English
of or pertaining to the avoirdupois system
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

English (countable anduncountable,pluralEnglishorEnglishes)

  2. (in theplural) Thepeople ofEngland, e.g.,Englishmen andEnglishwomen.
    • 1979,Stormont Mancroft,Bees in Some Bonnets, p. 175:
      Cricket—a game which theEnglish, not being a spiritual people, have invented in order to give themselves some conception ofeternity.
    TheEnglish and theROTW have a long history of conflict, periodically interrupted fortea.
  4. (Amish, in theplural) Thenon-Amish,people outside theAmishfaith andcommunity.
  6. (uncountable)Facility with theEnglishlanguage,ability toemployEnglishcorrectly andidiomatically.
    Sorry, myEnglish isn't very good. I wish I had betterEnglish.
  7. (uncountable) Aparticularinstance of theEnglishlanguage,including:
    1. TheEnglishterm orexpression forsomething oridea.
      What's theEnglish for 'à peu près'?It depends: how is it being used?
    2. TheEnglishtext orphrasing ofsomespoken orwrittencommunication.
      Thespecs are all correct, but theEnglish in the instructions isn't as clear as it should be.
    3. Aclear andreadilyunderstandableexpression ofsomeidea inEnglish.
      Thank you, doctor. Now, please say that again inEnglish.
      • 1994, Brannon Braga, Ronald D. Moore, “All Good Things...”, inStar Trek: The Next Generation, season 7, episodes25-26, Brent Spiner and Gates McFadden (actors):
        Data: I have completed my analysis of the anomaly. It appears to be a multi-phasic temporal convergence in the space-time continuum.
        Dr. Crusher: InEnglish, Data.
    4. Synonym oflanguage arts, theclassdedicated toimprovingprimary andsecondary schoolstudents'mastery ofEnglish and thematerialtaught insuchclasses.
      I loved reading until 7th gradeEnglish.
      • 2018, Clarence Green, James Lambert, “Advancing disciplinary literacy through English for academic purposes: Discipline-specific wordlists, collocations and word families for eight secondary subjects”, inJournal of English for Academic Purposes, volume35,→DOI, page109:
        This reflects that inEnglish, students learn a range of text types, such as procedures, editorials, poetry, and not just academic essays.
  9. (printing, dated) Asize oftype betweenpica (12 point) andgreat primer (18 point),standardized as 14-point.
  11. (uncountable, Canada,US)Alternative form ofenglish.
    You are putting too muchEnglish on the ball.

Usage notes

  • The use of the plural formEnglishes occurred in early modern English but is only seldom and exceptionally encountered in contemporary English. As with other collective demonyms, English is preceded by the definite article or some other determiner when referring to the people of England collectively.

Synonyms

Coordinate terms

Translations

people from England
one's ability to employ the English language
English-language term or expression
specific language or wording
14-point type
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Proper noun

English (countable anduncountable,pluralEnglishes)

 English (surname) on Wikipedia
 English (places) on Wikipedia
  2. Thelanguage that developed inEngland and is now spoken in theBritish Isles, theCommonwealth of Nations,North America, and many other parts of the world.
    Hyponyms:seeThesaurus:English language
    English is spoken here as an unofficial language and lingua franca.
    How do you say ‘à peu près’ inEnglish?
    She speaksEnglish, French, and German.English is her first language.
    English is a world language: it is widely used in dozens of countries and is studied in at least a hundred more.
    • 2020 December 4, Ligaya Mishan, “The Appealing and Potentially Lethal Delicacy That Is Fugu”, inThe New York Times Style Magazine‎[2], archived fromthe original on1 January 2021:
      Westerners have never quite understood the reverence in Japan for fugu, alternately known inEnglish as puffer fish, globefish or blowfish, of the family Tetraodontidae.
    • 2021 April 25, John Malathronas, “Which languages are easiest – and most difficult – for native English speakers to learn?”, inCNN‎[3]:
      Each written word when spoken is mutually incomprehensible between a Mandarin speaker in Beijing and a Cantonese speaker in Hong Kong. If you think that’s odd, consider our number system: the symbol “9” is universally recognized but it’s pronounced “nine” inEnglish and “devet” in Slovenian.
  3. Avariety,dialect, oridiolect of spoken and or written English.
    • 2003,Amy Tan, “Mother Tongue”, inThe Opposite of Fate: Memories of a Writing Life, page278:
      I began to write stories using all theEnglishes I grew up with: the English I spoke to my mother, which for lack of a better term might be described as “simple”; the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “broken”; my translation of her Chinese, which could certainly be described as “watered down”; and what I imagined to be her translation of her Chinese if she could speak in perfect English, her internal language, and for that I sought to preserve the essence, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure.
  4. English language, literature, composition as a subject of study
  5. An Englishsurname originally denoting a non-Celtic or non-Danish person in Britain.
  6. A male or femalegiven name.
  7. A number of places in theUnited States:
    1. Atown, thecounty seat ofCrawford County,Indiana; named for Indiana statesmanWilliam Hayden English.
    2. Anunincorporated community inCarroll County,Kentucky.
    3. Anunincorporated community inBrazoria County,Texas.
    4. Anunincorporated community inRed River County,Texas.
    5. Anunincorporated community inMcDowell County,West Virginia.

Usage notes

(language spoken in British Isles, North America, etc.):

  • As with the names of almost all languages,English, when it means "the English language", does not usually require an article. Hence: "Say it in plain English!"

Hypernyms

(language spoken in British Isles, North America, etc.):

Meronyms

See alsoThesaurus:English language

(language spoken in British Isles, North America, etc.):

(diachronic)

Derived terms

Terms derived fromEnglish (noun)

Descendants

Translations

the English language
English dialect
transliterations of the surname

Verb

English (third-person singular simple presentEnglishes,present participleEnglishing,simple past and past participleEnglished)

  2. (transitive; archaic or rare) To translate, adapt or render into English.
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym;Robert Burton],The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps,→OCLC:
      , page 214 (2001 reprint):
      […] severe prohibuit viris suis tum misceri feminas in consuetis suis menstruis, etc. I spare toEnglish this which I have said.
    • 1901,The Speaker, the Liberal Review - Volume 3, page654:
      Mamma is an adaptation of a French farce by Mr. Sydney Grundy, made in the time when his chief claim to recognition as a playwright lay in his ingenious aptitude forEnglishing the un-Englishable.
    • 2011, Colin Cheney, 'Where Should I Start with Tomas Tranströmer?':
      Here, the poems areEnglished by twelve different translators
  4. (transitive; archaic or rare) To make English; to claim for England.
    • 1880,Robert Browning, “Clive”, inDramatic Idylls: Second Series‎[4], page12, lines7–8:
      While the man Clive—he fought Plassy, spoiled the clever foreign game,
      Conquered and annexed andEnglished!

Derived terms

Terms derived fromEnglish (verb)

Quotations

Derived terms

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Terms derived fromEnglish (adjective and noun)

See also

Further reading

Anagrams

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