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DNA

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:dnaanddną

English

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WOTD – 26 April 2023

Pronunciation

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Amodel of part of a DNAmolecule(etymology 1,sense 1) showing itsdouble-helixstructure.

Etymology 1

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Thenoun is aninitialism ofdeoxyribonucleic acid.[1] Theverb is derived from the noun.

Noun

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DNA (countable anduncountable,pluralDNAs)

  1. (biochemistry, genetics)Initialism ofdeoxyribonucleic acid(anucleic acidfound in allliving things (and somenon-living things such as certainviruses) whichconsists oftwopolynucleotidechains thatcoil around each other toform adoublehelix;encoded in itsstructure aregeneticinstructions fordevelopment,functioning,growth, andreproduction).
    • 1948 March–April,Martin D[avid] Kamen, “Detection of Intermediates, Criteria of Purity”, in Louis H. Roddis, editor,Supplement to the United States Naval Medical Bulletin on Preparation and Measurement of Isotopes and Some of Their Medical Aspects, Washington, D.C.:Bureau of Medicine and Surgery,U.S. Navy;U.S. Government Printing Office,→OCLC,page118:
      Among the various fractions isolated was one presumed to contain only desoxyribosenucleic acid (DNA). Because of certain speculations on the role of nucleic acids in protein synthesis it was necessary to measure and compare the rate of phosphate entry intoDNA with that in other fractions of yeast phosphate.
      Desoxyribosenucleic acid is an archaic name of deoxyribonucleic acid.
    • 1953 April 25,J[ames] D[ewey] Watson,F[rancis] H[arry] C[ompton] Crick, “Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid”, inNature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science[1], volume171, number4356, London:Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on2015-04-03, page737, column 1:
      We wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid (D.N.A.). This structure has novel features which are of considerable biological interest.
    • 1968 March 8,Arthur Kornberg (witness), “Statement of Dr. Arthur Kornberg, Professor and Executive Head of the Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif.”, inNational Commission on Health Science and Society: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Government Research of theCommittee on Government Operations,United States Senate, NinetiethCongress, Second Session on S.J. Res. 145: A Joint Resolution for the Establishment of the National Commission on Health Science and Society [], Washington, D.C.:U.S. Government Printing Office,→OCLC,page40:
      As you know, heredity resides in our genes. Our genes are, in turn, composed of complex molecules calledDNA. About 10 years ago we learned how to synthesizeDNA in the test tube with the use of a certain cellular catalyst or enzyme.[] During the past year, we have been able to synthesizeDNA which has the full genetic activity of naturalDNA.
    • 1988 August, John W. Hicks, “DNA Profiling: A Tool for Law Enforcement”, in Thomas J. Deakin, editor,FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, volume57, number 8, Washington, D.C.:Federal Bureau of Investigation,United States Department of Justice; Office of Congressional and Public Affairs,→ISSN,→OCLC,page 1, column 3:
      Recent breakthroughs inDNA technology are expected to provide investigators with powerful forensic tools to help solve these difficult kinds of cases.
    • 2020,Tina M. Henkin, Joseph E. Peters, “Bacterial Genetic Analysis: Fundamentals and Current Approaches”, inSnyder & Champness: Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, 5th edition, Washington, D.C.:ASM Press,→ISBN,page157, column 1:
      [I]n bacteria, recombination between theDNAs of different organisms usually occurs between a piece ofDNA from one strain of a bacterium, called the donor strain, and the entire chromosome of another strain, called the recipient strain.
  2. (informal, loosely) Thepart of a living thing thatcarries geneticinformation.
  3. (figuratively) Thefundamentalnature orvalues of aperson, or anorganization or other thing, especially whenconsidered asinnate and/orimmutable.
    • 2003, Kevin[John] Kennedy, Mary Moore, “The Predictable Challenges Faced by Dominant Companies”, inGoing the Distance: Why Some Companies Dominate and Others Fail, Upper Saddle River, N.J.:Financial Times Prentice Hall,→ISBN,page14:
      These ingredients in a company'sDNA mean that [the] company will attract and grow leaders with these qualities.
    • 2012, Bill McBean, “Fact 1: If You Don’t Lead, No One Will Follow”, inThe Facts of Business Life: What Every Successful Business Owner Knows that You Don’t, Hoboken, N.J.:John Wiley & Sons,→ISBN,page58:
      The main leadership priority at Level 2 is creating the business'sDNA by defining how all the moving parts of the company will work, both independently and together.
    • 2022 April 13, Ryan Bort, “The Real Reason Republicans are Loading Their 2022 Campaign Ads with Guns”, inRolling Stone[2], New York, N.Y.:Penske Media Corporation,→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on2022-12-09:
      But this new fixation on guns is[] coming from the hardcore MAGA set, and not only is it likely to stick around beyond the primaries, it's likely hardwired into theDNA of a party now driven by extremism, conspiracy, and a belief that violence is a legitimate tool to achieve desired political outcomes.
    • 2022 October,Past Cases Review 2[3], National Safeguarding Steering Group of the Church of England, archived fromthe original on2024-06-11, page 4:
      We cannot have a culture that sees safeguarding as a separate add-on. It needs to be part of ourDNA, as an expression of our love for one another and our commitment to the Gospel.
Hyponyms
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Derived terms
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Related terms
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Translations
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initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid (for full forms, seedeoxyribonucleic acid)
(informal, loosely) part of a living thing that carries genetic information
fundamental nature or values of a person, etc.

Verb

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DNA (third-person singular simple presentDNAs,present participleDNAing,simple past and past participleDNAed)

  1. (transitive) Toexamine asample of (someone's)deoxyribonucleic acid.
    • 2002,Matthew Stokoe,High Life, New York, N.Y.:Akashic Books, published2008,→ISBN, page261:
      The only way we're gonna know is if weDNA him against the spunk in Karen.
    • 2004, Michael Sheridan,Death in December: The Story ofSophie Toscan Du Plantier, updated edition, Dublin: O’Brien,→ISBN,page194:
      The barrister went on to say that his client 'remains persecuted and victimised. He has beenDNAed; his hair, his blood and his clothes. Nothing. No charges have ever been brought.'
    • 2020, Julian Mitchell,A Devon Deception[4], Kibworth Beauchamp, Leicestershire: Matador,→ISBN:
      Maybe nothing to do with the break-in, but worth fingerprinting the wrapper andDNAing the gum.
Translations
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to examine a sample of (someone’s) deoxyribonucleic acid

Etymology 2

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Aninitialism of the various terms listed below. Theverb sense is derived from nounsense 7.

Proper noun

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DNA

  1. (US, military, historical) Defense Nuclear Agency, anagency of theUnited States Department of Defense whichexisted from 1971 to 1996 and has since beenreorganized as theDefense Threat Reduction Agency.

Phrase

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DNA

  1. Did notanswer.
  2. Did notarrive (used when someonefails tokeep anappointment).
  3. Did notattend.
  4. Do notassume.
  5. Does notapply.
  6. Drugs 'n'alcohol.
  7. (US, military) Do notarm (that is, do notprovide with afirearm).

Verb

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DNA (third-person singular simple presentDNAs,present participleDNAing,simple past and past participleDNAed)

  1. (US, military) Toplace (someone) under a DNA (do notarm)order because ofmental illness.
Translations
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to place (someone) under a DNA (do not arm) order because of mental illness

References

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  1. ^DNA,n.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press, September 2022;DNA,n.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Chinese

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishDNA.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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DNA

  1. DNA
    Synonym:脫氧核糖核酸 /脱氧核糖核酸(tuōyǎnghétánghésuān)
    DNADNA[Cantonese]  ― jim6di1 en1 ei1[Jyutping]  ―  to do a DNA test

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromEnglishDNA.

Noun

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DNA n (pluralDNA's)

  1. Initialism ofdesoxyribonucleïnezuur(deoxyribonucleic acid).

Etymology 2

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Initialism ofDe Nationale Assemblee(The National Assembly).

Proper noun

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DNA f orm

  1. (Suriname)National Assembly of Suriname
Derived terms
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Anagrams

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Finnish

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishDNA.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈdeːˌænˌɑː/,[ˈde̞ːˌænˌɑ̝ː]
  • Rhymes:-ɑː

Noun

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DNA

  1. DNA

Declension

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Inflection ofDNA (Kotus type 18/maa)
singularplural
nominativeDNADNA:t
genitiveDNA:nDNA:iden
DNA:itten
partitiveDNA:taDNA:ita
accusativeDNA
DNA:n
DNA:t
inessiveDNA:ssaDNA:issa
elativeDNA:staDNA:ista
illativeDNA:hanDNA:ihin
adessiveDNA:llaDNA:illa
ablativeDNA:ltaDNA:ilta
allativeDNA:lleDNA:ille
essiveDNA:naDNA:ina
translativeDNA:ksiDNA:iksi
abessiveDNA:ttaDNA:itta
instructiveDNA:in
comitativeDNA:ineen

Derived terms

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compounds

Further reading

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Anagrams

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French

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Proper noun

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DNA pl (plural only)

  1. Initialism ofLes Dernières Nouvelles d’Alsace(Latest News from Alsace, a French periodical).

Anagrams

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German

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishDNA, fromdeoxyribonucleic acid. ReplacingDNS from the calqueDesoxyribonukleinsäure.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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DNA f (genitiveDNA,no plural)

  1. (molecular biology)DNA,Synonym ofDesoxyribonukleinsäure

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • DNA” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Italian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishDNA.

Noun

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DNA

  1. DNA
    Synonym:ADN

Anagrams

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Japanese

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Etymology

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FromEnglishDNA.

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo)ディーエヌエ[dìíénúéꜜè] (Nakadaka – [5])
  • IPA(key): [dʲiːe̞nɯ̟e̞ː]

Noun

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DNA(ディーエヌエー) (dī-enu-ē

  1. (genetics, biochemistry)Synonym ofデオキシリボ核酸(deokishiribo-kakusan,deoxyribonucleic acid);DNA

See also

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Noun

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DNA n (definite singularDNA-et,indefinite pluralDNA,definite pluralDNA-aorDNA-ene)

  1. DNA

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Noun

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DNA n (definite singularDNA-et,indefinite pluralDNA,definite pluralDNA-a)

  1. DNA

Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl
DNA

Etymology

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Orthographic borrowing fromEnglishDNA.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /dɛ.ɛnˈa/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes:-a
  • Syllabification:D‧N‧A

Noun

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DNA inan orn (indeclinable)

  1. (genetics, molecular biology)Abbreviation ofkwas dezoksyrybonukleinowy.
    Synonyms:kwas deoksyrybonukleinowy,kwas dezoksyrybonukleinowy

Further reading

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  • DNA inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • DNA in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

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Etymology

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Orthographic borrowing fromEnglishDNA.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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DNA m (pluralDNAs)

  1. Alternative form ofADN

Romanian

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Noun

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DNA n (pluralDNA-uri)

  1. (initialism)Direcția Națională Anticorupție.

Declension

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Declension ofDNA
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativeDNADNA-ulDNA-uriDNA-urile
genitive-dativeDNADNA-uluiDNA-uriDNA-urilor
vocativeDNA-uleDNA-urilor

Spanish

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Noun

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DNA m (pluralDNA)

  1. (biochemistry)DNA
    Synonym:ADN

Further reading

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Swahili

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishDNA.

Proper noun

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DNA

  1. DNA
    Synonym:ADN

Swedish

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SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasv

Alternative forms

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Noun

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DNA n

  1. (biochemistry, genetics)DNA
    Synonym:deoxiribonukleinsyra

Declension

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Declension ofDNA
nominativegenitive
singularindefiniteDNADNA:s
definiteDNA:tDNA:ts
pluralindefinite
definite

See also

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References

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Tagalog

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishDNA, aninitialism ofdeoxyribonucleic acid.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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DNA (Baybayin spellingᜇ᜔ᜈ)

  1. (biochemistry, genetics)DNA

Further reading

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  • DNA”, inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila,2018

Turkish

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Noun

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DNA

  1. Initialism ofdeoksiribonükleik asit.DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=DNA&oldid=83924187"
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