FromChina +-ese under influence ofPortuguesechinês, replacing olderChinish.Doublet ofchinois. In itsorientalist sense of "generically exotic, backwards, or poorly organized", sometimes a deliberate marketing strategy to increase sales, as with the GermanChinese checkers. In its sense related to the orientation of stage lighting's barn doors, a reference to a supposed resemblance to East Asian eyes.
1980 November 30, “Communist China's 'Pin Yin' system causes confusion among foreigners”, inFree China Weekly[1], volume XXI, number47,Taipei,page 1:
In this instance, when the Chairman of the "Accuracy in Media" spoke out strongly against theChinese Communist system of "pin yin" spelling, he was not criticizing any bias or unreliability of news presentation but specifically the inconvenience and confusion caused by the "pin yin" spelling ofChinese names.
2021 December 13, Sean Lyngaas, “US warns hundreds of millions of devices at risk from newly revealed software vulnerability”, inCNN[2]:
Experts told CNN it could take weeks to address the vulnerabilities and that suspectedChinese hackers are already attempting to exploit it.
In the early 1870’s anti-Chinese agitation in California became organized and focused under the leadership of Denis Kearney, who was, ironically, an immigrant from Ireland. A campaign of organized violence againstChinese communities took form, and the hysteria led to political pressure too violent to be resisted. President Hayes vetoed an act of Congress restrictingChinese immigration, but he did force renegotiation of the Burlingame Treaty under which the government of China agreed to restrict emigration voluntarily.
The construction of a verbal system which is fairly regular and at the same time based on existing languages is a most difficult task, because in no other domain of the grammar do languages retain a greater number of ancient irregularities and differ more fundamentally from one another. Still an attempt will be made here to conciliate the two points of view and to bring about something which resembles the simpleChinese grammar without, however, losing its European character or the power of expressing nuances to which we are accustomed in our own languages.
The DPRK (Joseon Minjujui Inmin Konghuaguk朝鮮民主主義人民共和國) is read inChinese as Chaoxian minzhu zhuyi renmin gonghe guo, and its capital, Pyeonyang, is pronounced Pingrang平壤.
(non-subsective, prepositive, in set phrases, sometimes offensive)Used with a noun to indicate a referent different from, and seemingly more exotic or unusual than, the base noun's referent.
1900, Jared Sparks, Edward Everett, Henry Cabot Lodge,The North American Review, volume171, page390:
Ifthe Chinese were a people like the Russians, the Germans or the French, we (I address chiefly American and British readers) would observe any marked increase in their industrial activity or in their national aggressiveness with some misgiving, possibly, but[…]
1934,Chinese Affairs, volume65, page23:
I have given these points to make it clear thatthe Chinese are a people of strong emotion; and that this emotion is highest and purest when running in the channels of filial piety and loyalty.
2002,Sino-American Relations, volume28, page60:
After Pearl Harbor, American sympathy for the Chinese grew even stronger, forthe Chinese were a people who had long been bravely resisting Japanese aggressors.
2019 September 30, Jiang Jiang, “I am proud of my country”, inTimes of Malta:
China is a country with a 5,000 year uninterrupted civilisation, andthe Chinese are a people that keep moving forward amid trials and tribulations.
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
1638,Francis[Bacon], translated byW[illiam] R[awley], “Length and Shortnesse of Life in Man. The Historie.”, inHistory Naturall and Experimentall, of Life and Death. Or Of the Prolongation of Life.[…], London:[…] Iohn Haviland for William Lee, andHumphrey Mosley,→OCLC, paragraph 25,page141:
And theIaponians, are longer liv’d, than theChineſes;[…]
1738,J. B. Du Halde, “PROVINCE IV. FO-KYEN.”, inA Description of the Empire of China and Chinese-Tartary, Together with the Kingdoms of Korea, and Tibet[5], volume I,London,→OCLC,page88:
If theChineſe had Liberty to ſettle inFormoſa, ſeveral Families would gladly tranſplant themſelves thither ; but in order thereto they muſt obtain Paſsports from theMandarins ofChina, who grant them with Difficulty, and not without taking Security. TheMandarins are very careful to examine all that paſs into or out of the Iſland, and ſome of them extort Money under-hand. This extraordinary Precaution is the Effect of good Policy eſpecially as theTartars are Maſters ofChina ; forFormoſa is a Place of great Importance, and if aChineſe ſhould ſeize it, he might raiſe great Troubles in the Empire : ſo that the Emperor keeps a Garriſon there of ten thouſand Men, commanded by aTſong-ping, or Lieutenant-General, twoFû-tſyang, or Major-General, and ſeveral inferior Officers; who are chang’d duely every three years, or oftner, if there be Occaſion.
1999, Lydia Laube,Bound for Vietnam[6],→ISBN, page24:
But I had the unmitigated pleasure of watching a family of fourChinese struggle to use knives and forks to [eat] their bacon and eggs.
As with other terms for people formed with-ese, the countable singular noun in reference to a person (as in "I am a Chinese", "writing about Chinese cuisine as a Chinese") is uncommon and often taken as grammatically incorrect. In its place, the adjective is used, by itself (as in "I am Chinese") or before a noun likeperson,man, orwoman ("writing about Chinese cuisine as a Chinese person"). See also-ish, which is similarly only primarily used as anadjective or as aplural noun. However,-ese used in this sense is rather frequent in East Asia as a translation.
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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