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Appendix:West Frisian pronunciation

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West Frisian pronunciation is indicated somewhat variably in different sources. Wiktionary's phonemic pronunciations (between / /) should follow the rules detailed here, which are in turn based on the Wikipedia article.

Diphthongs

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Falling and centering diphthongs are transcribed with an inverted breve ◌̯ below the second vowel, to distinguish them from two-vowel sequences where each vowel is a separate syllable. The falling diphthongs end in a fully close vowel.

  • au,ou/ɔu̯/.
  • ei/ai̯/. Also/ɛi̯/ or/ɔi̯/ in some regions.
  • ij/ɛi̯/.
  • oi/oi̯/.
  • ui/œy̯/. Some sources use/øi̯/ or some variant here, but the phoneme is in practice identical with the Dutch/œy̯/, so it is transcribed the same.
  • ea/ɪə̯/
  • eau,eo,eu/øə̯/
  • ie/iə̯/
  • oa/oə̯/
  • oe/uə̯/
  • ue/yə̯/

Rising diphthongs and triphthongs begin with a consonant.

  • ea,je/jɛ/.
  • ie,ji/jɪ/.
  • jau,jou/jɔu̯/.
  • oa/wa/.
  • uo/wo/.
  • uoi/woi̯/.

Diphthongs with a long vowel end with a consonant. This consonant is shifted to the next syllable when a vowel follows. Not all sources transcribe all of these with long vowels.

  • aai/aːj/,aaie/aː.jə/.
  • oai/oːj/,oaie/oː.jə/. With breaking,oai/waːj/,oaie/waː.jə/.
  • iuw,eau/joːw/,iuwe,eauwe/joː.wə/. This is also transcribed with a short diphthong/jou̯/ in some sources, but there is no/ou̯/ diphthong in West Frisian outside of these cases.
  • iuw/iːw/,iuwe/iː.wə/.
  • oei/uːj/,oeie/uː.jə/.

Consonants

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Transcribew in the onset as/v/. It can be sometimes realised as[ʋ] or[w] in this environment, depending on the speaker, but this is automatic.

Use both/ɣ/ and/ɡ/ where appropriate. While these are usually analysed as allophones based on stress and word position, this does not apply in words likeneedgefal (with unstressed non-initial[ɡ]) andhartoginne (with stressed[ɣ]).

Do not write syllabic consonants, always precede them with/ə/. This applies in particular to the ending-en, but also other cases.

Do not use nasal vowels, but write/n/.

Dialects

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Use English names for the dialects, with the{{a}} template, i.e.{{a|Clay}} forKlaaifrysk,{{a|Wood}} forWâldfrysk. Do not include the word "Frisian" in dialects as it's obvious from the language section name that we're talking about West Frisian.

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Appendix:West_Frisian_pronunciation&oldid=65439165"
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