| English gloss | Chinese gloss | Proto-Miao |
|---|
| a (bowl) | 一個碗 | *ʔlon A |
| a (flower) | 一朶花 | *ʈae B |
| a (hoe) | 一把鋤頭 | *ʈeŋ A |
| a (horse) | 一匹馬 | *don B |
| a (quilt) | 一牀被子 | *phɔn A |
| a (meal) | 一頓飯 | *bl B |
| a (room) | 一間房 | *tɕhoŋ B |
| a (stick) | 一根棍子 | *ʈeŋ A |
| a (tree) | 棵 | *fɔu A |
| to beafraid of | 怕 | *ɳtʂhei C |
| air | 空氣 | *poŋ C |
| alive | 活 | *dʑin A |
| and | 和 | *ɳɖo C |
| toanswer | 答 | *tæ A |
| ant | 螞蟻 | *mbdʐɔ D |
| armspread | 庹 | *ɢɭeŋ A |
| armpit | 腋下 | *tʂo C |
| artemisia | 蒿子 | *fʂon B |
| toask | 問 | *non C |
| toaskfor (money) | 要錢 | *ʔʑɔu B |
| attic | 閣樓 | *ntheŋ A |
| ax | 斧頭 | *tou C |
| baby | 嬰兒 | *ŋ D |
| back | 後面 | *qeŋ A |
| back | 脊背 | *ɢə D |
| tobake (thecake) | 烤粑粑 | *tɕi C |
| bamboo | 竹子 | *ɖeu D |
| bamboohat | 斗笠 | *kə D |
| bambooshoot | 筍 | *mbdʐɑu C |
| barley | 大麥 | *mɔŋ C |
| barn | 倉 | *vʐon B |
| bashful | 害羞 | *dzeŋ A |
| to be | 是 | *ʑɔn C |
| beak | 喙 | *ȵdʑə A |
| bean | 豆子 | *də D |
| bear | 熊 | *qlei D |
| tobear (fruit) | 結果子 | *ptsi C |
| beard | 鬍鬚 | *ȵeŋ C |
| tobeat | 打 | *ntə D |
| bed | 牀鋪 | *tɕheu C |
| bellows | 風箱 | *thoŋ B |
| belly | 腹部 | *tɕhoi A |
| belt | 帶子 | *ɭ̥eŋ A |
| bench | 板凳 | *ɖuŋ A |
| tobind | 綑 | *qhei A |
| bird | 鳥 | *nuŋ C |
| tobite | 蚊子咬 | *do D |
| tobite | 老虎咬 | *do D |
| bitter | 苦 | *ʔin A |
| black | 黑 | *qlon A |
| block ofstoneorwood | 墩子 | *ɖuŋ A |
| blood | 血 | *ɳtʂheŋ B |
| toblow | 吹火 | *phtʂhɔu A |
| boat | 船 | *ɳɟɔn A |
| body | 身體 | *tɕæ B |
| book | 書 | *nteu B |
| toboil | 沸 | *mpou C |
| toboil | 煮開水 | *ho C |
| bone | 骨頭 | *tshoŋ B |
| toborrow (thecow)from | 借牛 | *qa B |
| toborrow (themoney)from | 借錢 | *tsei D |
| bosom | 胸膛 | *ɳʈɔn A |
| bottom | 底 | *qeŋ A |
| bowl | 碗 | *dei B |
| boy | 男孩 | *dʑeŋ C |
| bracelet | 鐲子 | *bɔ C |
| tobraid | 編辮子 | *mbdzin B |
| brake (fern) | 蕨菜 | *fʂɔu A |
| bran | 糠 | *fsɑ C |
| branch | 樹枝 | *dʑæ B |
| tobreak | 扁擔斷 | *ʔlo B |
| breast | 胸膛 | *ɳʈɔn A |
| bride | 新娘 | *ʔȵeŋ A |
| bridge | 橋 | *l̥ɑ A |
| bright | 太陽亮 | *ɢlweŋ A |
| bristle | 鬃 | *tsəŋ A |
| bucket | 桶 | *thuŋ A |
| buckwheat | 蕎麥 | *dʑæ A |
| buffalo | 水牛 | *ȵən A |
| toburn | 燃 | *dʑi C |
| toburn (firewood) | 燒柴 | *tɭ̥ou B |
| toburn (ahouse) | 燒房子 | *phtshæ B |
| toburn (thegrass on themountain) | 燒山 | *ɭ̥eu B |
| tobury | 埋人 | *ɭɔn B |
| butterfly | 蝴蝶 | *mptse C |
| tobuy | 買 | *mai B |
| cake | 粑粑 | *ɳcɔu B |
| can (singsongs) | 會唱歌 | *dzeu A |
| tocarry (water) on theshoulderwith apole | 挑水 | *tɕæ C |
| tocast | 鑄 | *ʔɭou A |
| tocatch (birds)bymeans ofsettingnet | 設網套捉鳥 | *tɕɔu A |
| cattle | 黃牛 | *ȵən A |
| cattle | 黃牛 | *ʑo B |
| cave | 洞 | *qhɔn B |
| centipede | 蜈蚣 | *kh D |
| chaff | 糠 | *fsɑ C |
| chair | 椅子 | *ɖuŋ A |
| charcoal | 木炭 | *then C |
| cherry | 櫻桃 | *ʔva A |
| tochew (one’sfood) | 嚼飯 | *tɕɑu C |
| chicken | 鷄 | *qe A |
| chin | 下巴 | *dʐei D |
| Chinesetoon | 香椿 | *ʑon A |
| chisel | 鑿子 | *dzɔ C |
| tochop | 劈 | *phɑu C |
| tochop | 劈 | *phtshe A |
| chopsticks | 筷子 | *ɖeu C |
| cinder | 灰燼 | *tʂhoi B |
| toclap | 拍手 | *mbɑ A |
| claw | 爪 | *ʈoi B |
| clean | 乾淨 | *ntshe A |
| clear | 水清 | *ɳtʂhin A |
| toclimb | 爬樹 | *ȵtɕæ C |
| close | 秧密 | *tɑ A |
| toclose (thedoor) | 關門 | *seu D |
| cloth | 布 | *ntoi A |
| cloud | 雲 | *ʔuŋ C |
| cogongrass | 茅草 | *ɴqen A |
| cold | 冷 | *nɔŋ C |
| cold | 冰涼 | *dzin B |
| comb | 梳子 | *vʐɑ C |
| tocomb | 梳 | *ɳtʂa D |
| (theguests)come | 客來 | *dɑu A |
| tocome (back) | 回來 | *lo B |
| tocomerollingdown | 滾石頭 | *qɭɔn B |
| cooked | 熟 | *ʂæn B |
| cookedrice | 飯 | *ɳɔn C |
| cookingstove | 竈 | *tso C |
| copper | 銅 | *duŋ A |
| tocough | 咳嗽 | *n̥uŋ D |
| tocover (withquilt) | 蓋被 | *ʔvo B |
| tocover (thepot) | 蓋鍋 | *mbo C |
| tocover (withtiles) | 蓋瓦 | *mbo C |
| craftsman | 匠人 | *dʐɑŋ C |
| tocreep | 爬行 | *ɳɟoŋ C |
| crest | 鷄冠 | *ʔi A |
| crooked | 歪 | *ɢei A |
| crop (of abird) | 嗉囊 | *ptsin B |
| crop | 莊稼 | *quŋ A |
| crossbow | 弩 | *n̥en B |
| crow | 烏鴉 | *ʔɔu A |
| tocrow | 公鷄叫 | *qɑu C |
| crown of thehead | 頭旋兒 | *vze B |
| cuckoo | 布縠鳥 | *ɢu B |
| cucumber | 黃瓜 | *qlwa A |
| cup | 杯 | *ʔŋ A |
| (bean)curd | 豆腐 | *hu B |
| curved | 彎曲 | *ɲchə D |
| tocut | 割肉 | *l̥ei D |
| tocut (thebelly offish) | 破開肚子 | *phɑu C |
| tocut (intoslices) | 切成片 | *mplei |
| damp | 濕 | *nton A |
| dark | 暗 | *ptʂə D |
| daughter | 女兒 | *mphtshei D |
| deaf | 聾 | *loŋ A |
| adeafman | 聾子 | *loŋ A |
| deep | 深 | *to A |
| dense | 秧密 | *tɑ A |
| dew | 露水 | *lu C |
| todie | 死 | *dɑu C |
| todig | 挖 | *ȵtɕeu D |
| todig (earth) | 猪拱土 | *phu A |
| diligent | 動快 | *ɴɢɑu C |
| disease | 病 | *ʔmɔŋ A |
| todisperse | 散開 | *nthɑu B |
| ditch | 溝 | *kaŋ A |
| todo | 做 | *ʔɑu C |
| dog | 狗 | *qlæ B |
| door | 門 | *dɭuŋ A |
| (togo)down | 下去 | *ɴɢa B |
| dragon | 龍 | *vʐoŋ A |
| todraw (one’ssword) | 拔刀 | *ʈho C |
| dream | 夢 | *mpoi C |
| todrink (water) | 喝水 | *hə D |
| todrop | 滴下來 | *ɳdɭo C |
| drought | 旱 | *ɴqhɑ A |
| drum | 鼓 | *ɳɖɔu B |
| duck | 鴨子 | *ʔo D |
| drug | 藥 | *cɑu A |
| dry | 乾枯 | *qhɑ B |
| dry | 乾燥 | *ɴqhɑ A |
| durable | 結實 | *ɖɔu A |
| dustanddirthanging to theceiling | 揚塵 | *ɳcheu A |
| todwell | 居住 | *ʔȵɔn A |
| eagle | 鷹 | *qleŋ B |
| ear | 耳朶 | *mbdʐæ A |
| ear | 穀穗 | *n̥eŋ A |
| early | 早 | *ntso B |
| earth | 地 | *tæ A |
| earthenjar | 壜子 | *hon A |
| earthworm | 蚯蚓 | *tɕoŋ A |
| toeat | 喫 | *nɔŋ A |
| akind ofedibleparsley ofwhich therootstastepepperyandhavestrangeflavor | 摘耳根 | *ʈə D |
| egg | 蛋 | *qwjæ C |
| eggshell | 蛋殼 | *phloi C |
| eight | 八 | *ʑa D |
| elderbrother | 弟兄 | *da A |
| elephant | 大象 | *ntshu C |
| toembrace | 抱 | *bɔu C |
| toescort (thebride toherhusband’shouse) | 送親 | *soŋ C |
| toestablish | 成立家庭 | *ɳdʐæ C |
| excrement | 屎 | *qɑu B |
| toexist | 在 | *ʔȵɔn A |
| toexplode | 爆炸 | *deu C |
| eye | 眼睛 | *mai C |
| face | 臉 | *mai C |
| face | 臉 | *beu B |
| tofall | 落 | *pəŋ A |
| fall | 醉倒 | *ɢou C |
| tofallasleep | 睡着了 | *ɴql A |
| fan | 扇子 | *mbdʐɑ |
| far | 遠 | *qlwæ A |
| fat | 油 | *dɭɔn A |
| fat | 肥 | *dɭɔn C |
| fatherless | 孤兒 | *mbdʐɑu C |
| tofear | 怕 | *ɳtʂhei C |
| female (dog) | 母狗 | *mnin D |
| few | 少 | *dʐeu C |
| field | 田 | *ɭin A |
| (bulls)fight | 牛打架 | *ɳʈə C |
| tofillin | 肉塞牙縫 | *ɳʈhin C |
| fine | 麵粉細 | *mɔn B |
| finger | 手指 | *nta B |
| fingerring | 指環 | *mphlei A |
| tofinish | 完 | *dʑuŋ B |
| fire | 火 | *deu B |
| tofire (agun) | 打槍 | *pɔn B |
| firewood | 柴 | *deu B |
| fish | 魚 | *mbdʐæ B |
| tofitexactly | 打中 | *ɖɔ C |
| five | 五 | *ptʂa A |
| flatground | 平壩 | *ɳɖoŋ B |
| flea | 跳蚤 | *m̥on A |
| flesh | 肉 | *ɴɢei A |
| toflick (with thefingers) | 用指彈 | *nte C |
| tofloat | 漂浮 | *nteŋ A |
| flour | 麪粉 | *plou C |
| toflow | 水流 | *ɴɢlu B |
| flower | 花 | *beŋ A |
| flute | 笛子 | *ɖoŋ A |
| fly | 蠅子 | *mɔn B |
| tofly | 飛 | *ʔʑeŋ C |
| fog | 霧 | *hɔu A |
| foot | 脚 | *teu C |
| for alongtime | 久 | *læ A |
| forehead | 額頭 | *ȵ̥æn A |
| forest | 樹林 | *ʔvʐuŋ C |
| fork of atree | 椏杈 | *ŋkh A |
| four | 四 | *ploi A |
| frog | 青蛙 | *qeŋ B |
| fruit | 果子 | *ptsi B |
| tofry | 炒菜 | *ke A |
| full | 滿 | *pon B |
| togain | 得到 | *tɔ C |
| gall | 苦膽 | *tʂi A |
| game | 獵物 | *ɴɢei A |
| gap | 刀缺口 | *ŋkh D |
| gap | 碗缺口 | *ɴqlei D |
| (vegetable)garden | 菜園 | *veŋ A |
| garlic | 蒜 | *ɢa A |
| gate | 門 | *dɭuŋ A |
| GedouPeople | 革兜族 | *m̥ʂəŋ A |
| toget | 得到 | *tɔ C |
| togetrid of | 逃脫 | *ɢlwa D |
| togetup | 起來 | *ʂeu B |
| ghost | 鬼 | *qɭeŋ A |
| ginger | 薑 | *qhwjin B |
| glutinous | 糯米 | *mblə D |
| tognaw | 啃 | *tɕɑu C |
| tognaw | 啃 | *keu D |
| togo | 去 | *məŋ B |
| togo to | 到 | *qlwɑu C |
| gold | 金子 | *cən A |
| good | 好 | *ʔvʐuŋ C |
| goose | 鵝 | *ŋon B |
| gourd | 葫蘆 | *tə A |
| grape | 葡萄 | *qin B |
| grasshopper | 蚱蜢 | *gəŋ A |
| grave | 墳 | *ntseŋ C |
| green | 綠 | *mptʂɔu A |
| togrind (thekitchenknife) | 磨刀 | *xo B |
| togrip (thecookedfood)withchopsticks | 夾菜 | *ntei D |
| togroan | 呻吟 | *mbdʐeŋ A |
| grove | 樹林 | *ʔvʐuŋ C |
| guest | 客人 | *qhɑ C |
| toguide | 引導 | *xi D |
| togulpdown | 呑(一) | *ɴɢɔn B |
| togulpdown | 呑(二) | *ɴqeu C |
| hair | 毛 | *pɭoiA |
| half (acatty) | 半斤 | *phtshei C |
| half (of aday) | 半天 | *don B |
| hand | 手 | *bdzæ B |
| hare | 兔 | *ʔɭɔu B |
| toharrow (afield) | 耙地 | *xei B |
| tohate | 怨恨 | *ɳ B |
| tohave | 有 | *mai A |
| tohave agrudgeagainstsomebody | 怨恨 | *ɳ B |
| tohave anap | 瞌睡 | *ʔŋɔn C |
| tohaveone’shairshaved | 剃 | *tɕhei D |
| tohavesome (dishes) togowith (therice) | 就菜下飯 | *mbdzɑ C |
| he | 他 | *ni B |
| head | 頭 | *foi B |
| headlouse | 頭蝨 | *ɳtʂhoi B |
| tohear | 聽見 | *n̥ɔn B |
| heart | 心臓 | *pɭeu B |
| heaven | 天 | *ɴɢlwon A |
| heavy | 重 | *ȵ̥aŋ B |
| hedgehog | 剌猬 | *dʐoi C |
| hemp | 麻 | *ndɔu C |
| tohide | 藏東西 | *vʐei D |
| high | 高 | *fʂin A |
| hill | 山 | *bæ B |
| tohit | 打中 | *ɖɔ C |
| tohold | 握手 | *tɑ B |
| tohold | 持槍 | *ʈho C |
| hole | 洞 | *qhɔn B |
| home | 家 | *ptʂæ B |
| honey | 蜂蜜 | *vʐa A |
| hoof | 蹄 | *ʈoi C |
| tohook | 鉤 | *ɴqæ C |
| hoop | 箍兒 | *the C |
| tohoop | 箍 | *the C |
| hot | 辣 | *mbdʐa D |
| horn | 牛角 | *kon A |
| horse | 馬 | *mnen B |
| house | 家 | *ptʂæ B |
| house | 房子 | *ptʂæ B |
| hundred | 百 | *pɑ C |
| tohusk (rice) | 舂米 | *tɔu B |
| I | 我 | *con B |
| ice | 冰 | *qɭou D |
| ill | 病 | *ʔmɔŋ A |
| infront of | 面前 | *ɴɢlin A |
| toincrease | 增加 | *ɕeŋ C |
| indigo | 藍靛草 | *ɲɟeŋ A |
| toinquire | 問 | *non C |
| insect | 蟲 | *keŋ A |
| toinsert | 插 | *ʈhei D |
| interior | 裏面 | *ɳdɭɔn C |
| intestines | 腸子 | *ȵ̥ən B |
| iron | 鐵 | *l̥ə C |
| it | 他 | *ni B |
| itch | 癢 | *chu D |
| tojoin (tworopes)together | 接繩子 | *tsɑ D |
| tokeep (inmouth) | 含一口水 | *mpɑ B |
| tokill (aperson) | 殺人 | *tɑu C |
| knee | 膝蓋 | *dʑou C |
| toknow | 知道 | *pou A |
| lacquer | 漆 | *tshei D |
| toladleout | 舀水 | *hei D |
| land | 地 | *tæ A |
| large | 大 | *ɭ̥o A |
| largebowl | 海碗 | *dei B |
| lark | 畫眉鳥 | *tɕuŋ A |
| late | 遲 | *li C |
| tolaugh | 笑 | *tɭ̥o D |
| tolay (egg) | 下蛋 | *ndæ C |
| tolead | 引導 | *xi D |
| tolead (theox) | 牽牛 | *tɕoŋ A |
| tolead (theox) | 拉牛 | *ʈho C |
| leaf | 葉子 | *mbluŋ A |
| lean | 痩 | *ndzoi C |
| tolean on (astick) | 拄拐棍 | *ɳdɭe C |
| leather | 皮 | *teu B |
| leg | 大腿 | *pɑ A |
| tolend (thecow) to | 借牛 | *qa B |
| tolend (themoney) to | 借錢 | *tsei D |
| level | 平 | *din A |
| li, aChineseunit oflength (= 1/2kilometre) | 一里路 | *ɭe B |
| tolick | 舔 | *ʑei D |
| tolie | 臥 | *pu C |
| light | 輕 | *ʂe A |
| tolight | 點燈 | *teu D |
| tolightning | 打閃 | *ɭei D |
| tolisten | 聽 | *mʐuŋ C |
| little | 小 | *ʔʑə C |
| little | 少 | *dʐeu C |
| tolive | 居住 | *ʔȵɔn A |
| liver | 肝 | *fʂin A |
| to beliving | 在 | *ʔȵɔn A |
| long | 長短 | *ntæ B |
| longsword | 長刀 | *ndeŋ A |
| louse | 蝨子 | *ton B |
| low | 矮 | *ɢa B |
| tolow | 黃牛叫 | *ɴqɔn B |
| thelowerjaw | 下巴 | *dʐei D |
| lunch | 午飯 | *ʂon C |
| lung | 肺 | *mptʂu C |
| maggot | 蛆 | *keŋ C |
| tomake (thebed) | 鋪被子 | *pɑ C |
| tomake ofwith | 偷 | *ȵæn C |
| male (chicken) | 公雞 | *ʔɭə B |
| male (dog) | 公狗 | *ptsa B |
| man | 人 | *næn A |
| man | 男人 | *dʑeŋ C |
| man | 成家=成人 | *nen A |
| (to begrown to)manhood | 成人 | *næn A |
| themanner ofgoingoutquickly | 急出貌 | *bleu B |
| many | 多 | *ntɔ C |
| marrow | 腦髓 | *l̥u A |
| tomarryoff (adaughter) | 嫁 | *qɑu C |
| matter | 事情 | *ɳon D |
| me | 我 | *con B |
| meal | 飯 | *ɳ̥ɔn C |
| tomeasure (thecloth) | 量布 | *ɳdʐ |
| meat | 肉 | *ɴɢei A |
| medicine | 藥 | *cɑu A |
| tomeet | 遇見 | *dʑɑu C |
| melon | 瓜 | *qlwa A |
| tomelt | 融化 | *ʑeŋ A |
| tomend (apot) | 補鍋 | *mptsa B |
| tometeout (rice) | 量米 | *ɭon A |
| Miaonationality | 苗族 | *m̥ʂəŋ A |
| middle | 當中 | *ɳʈuŋ A |
| tomill (themaize) | 磨包穀 | *vʐo D |
| millet | 小米 | *tshon B |
| molar | 臼齒 | *pɑ A |
| monkey | 猴子 | *ʔlin A |
| moon | 月亮 | *l̥a C |
| mortar | 碓 | *dʑo B |
| mosquito | 蚊子 | *ʔʑuŋ B |
| mountain | 山 | *bæ B |
| mountainpass | 山丫口 | *ɢleu D |
| mouse | 鼠(一) | *bdʐɑu C |
| mouse | 鼠(二) | *neŋ B |
| mouth | 嘴 | *ȵdʑə A |
| mouth | 嘴 | *ʔlo C |
| amouthful of (therice) | 一口飯 | *lo C |
| much | 多 | *ntɔ C |
| muddy | 泥濘 | *ŋko D |
| muddy | 水渾 | *ɳʈɭ̥o B |
| muscle | 筋 | *ʂoi B |
| mushroom | 菌子 | *ȵtɕæ A |
| mutually | 相好 | *ʂe |
| tonail | 釘(動詞) | *ɳtʂin C |
| name | 名字 | *mptsæ C |
| narrow | 窄 | *ɴɢei D |
| navel | 肚臍 | *nteu D |
| near | 近 | *ʔvʐae |
| needle | 針 | *cuŋ A |
| nest | 鳥窩 | *vʐæ B |
| new | 新 | *tʂhin A |
| tonibbleat | 啃 | *tɕɑu C |
| tonibbleat | 啃 | *keu D |
| night | 晚上 | *m̥ɔn C |
| nine | 九 | *dʑɔu A |
| noose | 圈套 | *bdʐi B |
| nose | 鼻子 | *mbdʐu C |
| oblique | 斜 | *ɢei A |
| oil | 油 | *dɭɔn A |
| old | 老 | *lou B |
| on thetop of (thehouse) | 房上 | *ʂɔu A |
| one | 一 | *ʔe A |
| toopen (thedoor) | 開門 | *peu D |
| toopen (anumbrella) | f打開傘 | *nthɑu B |
| toopenwide | 敞墳 | *peu D |
| otter | 水獺 | *ɳtʂhɑu A |
| (theskyis)overcast | 天陰 | *bɑu B |
| ox | 黃牛 | *ȵən A |
| ox | 黃牛 | *ʑo B |
| topack (suger) | 包糖 | *qhu B |
| paddy | 稻子 | *mblæ A |
| pail | 桶 | *thuŋ A |
| painful | 痛 | *ʔmɔŋ A |
| apair of (chopsticks) | 一雙筷子 | *ɲɟeu D |
| paper | 紙 | *nteu n |
| topass | 過 | *qlwɑu C |
| topave | 鋪被子 | *pɑ C |
| topay (one’sdebt) | 還賬 | *boi A |
| peach | 桃子 | *ɢlɑ A |
| pear | 梨 | *vʐɑu A |
| topeck | 啄 | *ȵtɕeu D |
| topeel | 削 | *tɕhei D |
| peppery | 辣 | *mbdʐa D |
| perilla | 蘇麻 | *n̥eŋ B |
| persimmon | 柿子 | *mnin B |
| person | 人 | *næn A |
| person | 成家=成入 | *nen A |
| petal | 花瓣 | *mplei D |
| pheasant | 野鷄 | *tʂeu D |
| topick (greenfeedforpigs) | 摘猪草 | *ɳɖoi |
| topickup | 撿 | *cheu D |
| piece | 片 | *mplei D |
| piece | 一塊板 | *phe A |
| pig | 猪 | *mpɑ C |
| pigeon | 鴿子 | *ɴqɔu A |
| pillar | 柱子 | *ȵdʑæ A |
| pillow | 枕頭 | *ȵtɕuŋ C |
| plait | 辮子 | *mbdzin B |
| toplait (one’shair) | 編辮子 | *mbdzin B |
| toplant (trees) | 栽樹(一) | *dʑi B |
| toplant (trees) | 栽樹(二) | *dʑɔn C |
| toplay (areed-pipewindinstrument) | 吹蘆笙 | *phtʂo B |
| plum | 李子 | *cheu A |
| pocket | 口袋 | *n̥eŋ A |
| porridge | 稀飯 | *tshon B |
| pot | 鍋 | *vzin B |
| topour | 倒茶水 | *ʔɭou A |
| prefix of thenames of thefirsttendays ofanymonth oflunarcalendar | 初一 | *sin A |
| topress (thelouse)with thenails oftwothumbs | 擠蝨子 | *ʔle C |
| price | 價錢 | *ɴqa C |
| topropagate | 繁殖 | *ɕeŋ C |
| pus | 膿 | *bou C |
| toput on (acap) | 戴帽子 | *ntuŋ C |
| toput on (clothes) | 穿衣 | *n̥eŋ B |
| toput on (shoes) | 穿鞋 | *ʈɔ C |
| puttee | 裹腿布 | *ɳʈhuŋ A |
| queue | 辮子 | *mbdzin B |
| quick | 快 | *fʂei C |
| rabbit | 兔 | *ʔɭɔu B |
| ragged | 襤褸 | *ɴɢlɔu C |
| rain | 雨 | *noŋ C |
| toraise (hens) | 養雞 | *ʑon C |
| rat | 鼠(一) | *bdʐɑu C |
| rat | 鼠(二) | *neŋ B |
| raw | 生食物 | *ȵuŋ B |
| toreach | 到達 | *dzo C |
| toreceive | 收東西 | *ʂə A |
| toreceive | 接受 | *tsei D |
| red | 紅 | *ʔlin A |
| areed-pipewindinstrument,usedby theMiao,YaoandDongnationalities | 蘆笙 | *ɢwjen A |
| torelease | 釋放 | *tʂɔn C |
| toremedy | 彌補 | *mptsa B |
| torest | 休息 | *ʂo C |
| toreturn | 回來 | *ʈɔn B |
| rib | 肋骨 | *teŋ B |
| rice | 米 | *tshon B |
| ricesteamer | 甑子 | *tʂon C |
| toride | 騎 | *dʑei A |
| ripe | 熟 | *ʂæn B |
| river | 河 | *ɢlæ A |
| road | 路 | *kæ B |
| torob | 搶 | *hɑ D |
| root | 根 | *dʑoŋ A |
| rope | 繩子 | *l̥ɑ C |
| torot | 爛 | *lu A |
| rough | 粗糙 | *ntsha A |
| salt | 鹽 | *ɳtʂæ B |
| salty | 鹹 | *qɭeu C |
| toscald | 燙蝨子 | *l̥eŋ A |
| toscold | 罵 | *qei C |
| tosee | 看見 | *bo D |
| seed | 種子 | *ʔɳuŋ A |
| seedling | 秧 | *ʔʑon A |
| toseekshelterfrom (therain) | 避雨 | *ɳdɭei D |
| tosell | 賣 | *mai C |
| tosend | 送東西 | *soŋ C |
| seven | 七 | *dʐoŋ C |
| shabby | 襤褸 | *ɴɢlɔu C |
| toshake (hands) | 握手 | *tɑ B |
| shallow | 淺(一) | *ȵin B |
| shallow | 淺(二) | *ɴql B |
| sharp | 銳利(一) | *vʐɑu C |
| sharp | 鋭利(二) | *ɳtʂæ C |
| she | 他 | *ni B |
| sheep | 羊 | *ʑoŋ A |
| (egg)shell | 蛋殼 | *phloi A |
| ship | 船 | *ɲɟɔn A |
| shoes | 鞋 | *chɔ C |
| toshoot (anarrow) | 射箭 | *pɔn B |
| short | 短 | *ʔlon B |
| to beshort | 少 | *dʐeu C |
| toshorten | 縮 | *xou D |
| shoulder | 肩 | *bu C |
| toshrink | 縮 | *xou D |
| shuttle | 梭子 | *ɴɢɔn B |
| shy | 害羞 | *dzeŋ A |
| sickle | 鐮刀 | *ɭin A |
| tosieve | 篩 | *tʂhɔ C |
| silver | 銀子 | *ʑin A |
| sinew | 筋 | *ʂoi B |
| (birds)sing | 鳥叫 | *ɢɑ A |
| tosink | 沉 | *dɔn A |
| sister-in-law | 嫂嫂 | *ȵeŋ A |
| six | 六 | *tɭ̥ə C |
| skin | 皮 | *teu B |
| skinulcer | 瘡 | *tsheŋ A |
| skirt | 裙子 | *tin A |
| sky | 天 | *ɴɢlwon A |
| slanting | 斜 | *ɢei A |
| slanting | 歪 | *ɢei A |
| tosleep | 睡 | *pu C |
| tosleep | 睡覺 | *ɴql A |
| small | 小 | *ʔʑə C |
| tosmell | 嗅 | *m̥n̥in C |
| tosmell | 嗅 | *tʂu C |
| tosmell | 動物嗅 | *m̥n̥in C |
| tosmoke | 燻 | *ȵtɕho C |
| tosmoke | 吸煙 | *hɑu D |
| smokefromkitchenchimney | 炊煙 | *ȵtɕho C |
| smooth | 光滑 | *mblin C |
| snail | 蝸牛 | *ɢwju A |
| snake | 蛇 | *ʔneŋ A |
| tosnap | 綫斷 | *ton C |
| snow | 雪 | *mptson C |
| tosoak (cookedriceinsouporwater) | 泡飯 | *ɳtʂæ C |
| soft | 柔軟 | *mlai C |
| softmembrane (inside theeggshell) | 蛋軟膜 | *phloi C |
| solid | 結實 | *ɖɔu A |
| son | 兒子 | *ton A |
| son-in-law | 女婿 | *ʔvou B |
| son’swife | 媳婦 | *ʔȵeŋ A |
| sore | 痛 | *ʔmɔŋ A |
| sorghum | 高粱 | *ɳtʂɔu D |
| soul | 魂 | *bɭa A |
| sound | 聲音 | *fʂɔu A |
| thesound ofbowlordishfalling on thefloor | 碗碟落地聲 | *ŋk B |
| thesound ofchewingbeans | 嚼豆聲 | *ŋkeu B |
| soup | 湯 | *kɑ B |
| sour | 酸 | *ʂə A |
| tosow (seeds) | 播種 | *ptʂæ A |
| soy | 黃豆 | *pou B |
| span | 拃 | *qɭo C |
| span | 庹 | *ɢɭeŋ A |
| spinningwheel | 紡車 | *tʂhɑu A |
| tosplit | 劈 | *phtshe A |
| tosplit | 劈 | *phɑu C |
| tospoil | 壤了 | *bɑu B |
| tospreadout | 攤開 | *nthɑu B |
| tosprinkle | 潑水 | *ȵtɕhɔu B |
| tosprinkle | 洒水 | *mphuŋ C |
| tosprinkle | 撒土 | *mphuŋ C |
| tosplash | 潑水 | *ȵtɕhɔu B |
| stable | 牛圈 | *ŋgɔu A |
| tostand | 站立 | *ɳdʐæ C |
| tostand (up) | 站起來 | *ʂeu B |
| star | 星 | *qon A |
| tosteal | 偷 | *ȵæn C |
| steam | 水汽 | *poŋ C |
| tosteam | 蒸 | *tɕon A |
| steel | 鋼 | *tshæ A |
| steep | 陡 | *ntshoŋ A |
| step | 歩 | *ɖo A |
| tostep on | 蹬 | *dɑ D |
| tostep on | 踩 | *dɑ D |
| sticking | 臭 | *tʂu C |
| stomach | 腹部 | *tɕhoi A |
| stomach | 胃 | *pleŋ A |
| stone | 石頭 | *ʔvʐæ A |
| straight | 直 | *ȵtɕɑŋ A |
| straworpalm-barkraincape | 蓑衣 | *si A |
| strength | 力氣 | *vʐo C |
| tostretch | 伸 | *ɕoŋ A |
| tostroke | 撫摩 | *phlu C |
| tostumble | 跌 | *ɳdʐeu D |
| tosuck | 蚊子吸血 | *ntsei D |
| sun | 太陽 | *n̥on A |
| tosupport (afamily) | 養一家人 | *ʑon C |
| toswallow | 呑(一) | *ɴɢɔn B |
| toswallow | 呑(二) | *ɴqeu C |
| tosweep | 掃地 | *tɕhæ A |
| sweet | 甜 | *qeŋ A |
| sweet-smelling | 肉香 | *qeŋ A |
| toswell | 腫 | *ʔɔn C |
| table | 桌子 | *ɖuŋ A |
| tael | 一兩銀子 | *lɑŋ B |
| tail | 尾巴 | *tu B |
| taro | 芋頭 | *veu C |
| akind oftaro | 老虎芋 | *veu C |
| tasteless (notsalty) | 菜淡 | *dʐɑ C |
| tea | 茶 | *ɟi B |
| totear | 撕布 | *qɭɑu C |
| totear | 撕肉 | *qɭɑu C |
| ten | 十 | *ɟə D |
| tenthousand | 萬 | *vɑŋ C |
| that | 那(更遠指) | *ʔe B |
| thereis | 有 | *mai A |
| thick | 秧密 | *tɑ A |
| thick | 厚 | *tɑ A |
| thick | 粥稠 | *ɲɟuŋ C |
| thin | 綫細 | *ʂuŋ A |
| thin | 痩 | *ndzoi C |
| thin | 薄 | *ȵæn B |
| thinbamboostrip | 篾條 | *ȵtɕɔ C |
| thing | 事情 | *ɳon D |
| thirsty | 渴(一) | *ɴqhɑ A |
| thirsty | 渴(二) | *ɴqhæ D |
| this | 這 | *ʔnaŋ B |
| this (year) | 今年 | *ʔnaŋ B |
| thorn | 剌(名詞) | *bo B |
| thousand | 千 | *tshæn A |
| thread | 綫 | *fso B |
| tothread (aneedle) | 穿針 | *tɕhɔn A |
| three | 三 | *ptsæ A |
| tothrow on (someclothing) | 披衣服 | *mpɑu C |
| thunder | 雷 | *fʂo A |
| tickle | 癢 | *chu D |
| totie | 綑 | *qhei A |
| tiger | 老虎 | *tʂo B |
| tight | 緊 | *ɳ A |
| tin | 錫 | *tshɑ D |
| tile | 瓦 | *vɑ B |
| togetherwith | 跟 | *ɳɖo C |
| tomb | 墳 | *ntseŋ C |
| tongue | 舌頭 | *mblei D |
| tooth | 牙齒 | *m̥n̥in B |
| top (of thehead) | 頭頂 | *din B |
| trap | 圈套 | *bdʐi B |
| tree | 樹(一) | *ntuŋ C |
| tree | 樹(二) | *fɔu A |
| trough | 槽 | *qɭoŋ A |
| tube | 管子 | *ɖoŋ A |
| totumblefrom | 滾下 | *qlɔn B |
| turbid | 水渾 | *ɳʈɭ̥o B |
| twin | 雙生子 | *mptsei A |
| totwist (hemprope) | 搓繩子 | *sɑu A |
| two | 二 | *ʔau A |
| umbilicalcord | 臍帶 | *nteu D |
| uncooked | 生食物 | *ȵuŋ B |
| aunit ofnoblemetalssuchasgoldandsilver,itequals toonetenth of atael | 一錢銀子 | *dzæn A |
| aunit ofweight (= 1/2kilogram) | 斤 | *tɕæn A |
| tountie | 解開 | *nthɑu B |
| upperpart of thehillside | 坡上面 | *bæ B |
| urine | 尿 | *vʐa B |
| tourinate | 撒尿 | *vʐa B |
| to beused to | 喫慣了 | *ɭɑu C |
| vegetable | 菜 | *ʔvʐoi A |
| village | 寨子 | *vʐɔn B |
| vine | 籐子 | *m̥ʂaŋ A |
| voice | 聲音 | *fʂɔu A |
| waist | 腰 | *qlɑu B |
| towait | 等候 | *dɔn B |
| towake | 醒 | *dʐa D |
| walnut | 核桃 | *qleu C |
| warm | 暖和 | *ʂo B |
| towarm (oneselfby afire) | 烤火 | *ntæ C |
| towash (pot) | 洗鍋 | *ntsɑ B |
| towash (clothes) | 洗衣 | *ntshɔu C |
| towatch | 看守 | *vʐo B |
| water | 水 | *ʔuŋ A |
| wax | 黃蠟 | *tɕeŋ A |
| we | 我們 | *ptsæ A |
| towear (bracelets) | 戴鐲子 | *ʈɔ C |
| toweave (cottoncloth) | 織布 | *nto D |
| toweave (adustpan) | 編簸箕 | *hin A |
| toweave (strawshoes) | 打草鞋 | *hin A |
| toweed | 薅草 | *nthɔu C |
| toweep | 哭 | *ʔȵin B |
| wet | 濕 | *nton A |
| what | 什麼 | *tʂe B |
| wheat | 麥子 | *mɔŋ C |
| which | 哪 | *du C |
| whip | 鞭子 | *mbleu D |
| white | 白 | *qleu A |
| wide | 寬 | *qlweŋ B |
| wildgarlic | 野蒜 | *ɢlɔn B |
| wildpersimmon | 野柿子 | *mnin B |
| wildcat | 野貓 | *pɭe C |
| willow | 柳樹 | *ʑɑŋ A |
| wind | 風 | *tɕɑ C |
| wine | 酒 | *tɕeu B |
| wing | 翅 | *tæ D |
| towink | 眨眼 | *ɳtʂei D |
| towinnowaway thechaff | 簸米 | *ptʂuŋ B |
| winnowingfan | 簸箕 | *ʔveŋ A |
| towipe | 揩 | *ʂɔn C |
| withouthusband | 寡婦 | *mbdʐɑu C |
| woman | 女人 | *bo A |
| towring (atowel) | 擰毛巾 | *ptʂo C |
| towrite | 寫 | *fʂoi C |
| year | 年 | *ɕuŋ C |
| yellow | 黃 | *ɢlweŋ A |
| you | 你們 | *mi A |
| young | 年輕 | *ɭ̥ɑ D |
| young (cow) | 小母牛 | *ɕɑ D |
| youngman | 青年男子 | *ɳɖou C |
| youngerbrother | 弟弟 | *cu B |
