| number | person | nominative (subject) | accusative (direct object) | dative (indirect object) | prepositional | prepositional withcom | non-declining | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | first | eu | me | mim | comigo | — | ||
| second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você o senhorm a senhoraf | |||
| third | m | ele | o (lo,no) | lhe | ele | comele | o mesmo | |
| f | ela | a (la,na) | ela | comela | a mesma | |||
| plural | first | nós | nos | nós | connosco(Portugal) conosco(Brazil) | a gente | ||
| second | vós | vos | vós | convosco comvós | vocês os senhoresm as senhorasf | |||
| third | m | eles | os (los,nos) | lhes | eles | comeles | os mesmos | |
| f | elas | as (las,nas) | elas | comelas | as mesmas | |||
| reflexive third / indefinite | — | se | si | consigo | o mesmoetc.(reflexive) | |||
The Portuguesepersonal pronouns, show a higher degree ofinflection compared to other parts of speech, being the only words that have distinct forms forsubject (nominative case),direct object orindirect object, or object of apreposition.
Portuguese personal pronouns are categorized in three main groups:pronomes pessoais do caso reto “nominative case personal pronouns”,pronomes pessoais do caso oblíquo “accusative and dative case personal pronouns” andformas de tratamento “forms of address”.
Most of these can be directly translated as the English wordsI,me,you, etc.
They are often translated as EnglishYour Majesty,Your Highness, etc., with few exceptions.
In many dialects,você is a common variation or complete substitution oftu,te andti. Verbs taking this as subject are conjugated in third-person singular.
In many dialects,vocês is a complete substitution ofvós andvos. Verbs taking this as subject are conjugated in third-person plural. Therefore, second-person plural conjugations are almost unknown by many native speakers.
In many dialects,a gente is a common colloquial variation ofnós andnos. Verbs taking this as subject are conjugated in third-person singular.
Not all personal pronouns are used with verb forms that correspond in number and person. The following table lists which verb forms are used with which personal pronouns:
| pronoun | person and number of the pronoun | person and number of verb forms used with it | example withser | notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| eu | first-person singular | first-person singular | eu sou | |
| nós | first-person plural | first-person plural | nós somos | |
| third-person singular | *nós é | highly proscribed Brazilian usage | ||
| a gente | first-person plural | third-person singular | a gente é | |
| first-person plural | *a gente somos | highly proscribed Brazilian usage | ||
| tu | second-person singular | second-person singular | tu és | |
| third-person singular | tu é | regional Brazilian usage | ||
| você | second-person singular | third-person singular | você é | |
| o senhor,a senhora | second-person singular | third-person singular | o senhor é | |
| vós | second-person plural | second-person plural | vós sois | |
| vocês | second-person plural | third-person plural | vocês são | |
| os senhores,as senhoras | second-person plural | third-person plural | os senhores são | |
| ele,ela | third-person singular | third-person singular | ele é | |
| o mesmo,a mesma | third-person singular | third-person singular | o mesmo é | |
| eles,elas | third-person plural | third-person plural | eles são | |
| os mesmos,as mesmas | third-person plural | third-person plural | os mesmos são |
In addition, the second-person singular imperative is sometimes used withvocê in colloquial usage.
| singularpossessum | pluralpossessum | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
| singular possessor | first person | meu | minha | meus | minhas | |
| second person | teu | tua | teus | tuas | ||
| third person | any | seu | sua | seus | suas | |
| m | dele | |||||
| f | dela | |||||
| plural possessor | first person | nosso | nossa | nossos | nossas | |
| second person | vosso | vossa | vossos | vossas | ||
| third person | any | seu | sua | seus | suas | |
| m | deles | |||||
| f | delas | |||||
The Portuguesepossessive pronouns are translated as the English wordsmy,mine,your, etc.
Portuguese personal pronouns are inflected according to this information:
Unlike English, there are no distinct words forattributive or other uses. For example,my andmine would be considered identical in Portuguese. However, there is a tendency for omittingarticles in attributive context.
Examples:
The pronounsseu,sua,seus andsuas have a high degree of ambiguity: there is no way to know whether they are singular or plural. Additionally, they can be used as second or third person, to agree withtu andvocê. Usually in dialectal or colloquial contexts, the contractionsdele,dela,deles anddelas are used in the third person instead.