Appendix:Middle Welsh pronunciation

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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AP:pron:wlm

The charts below show the way in which theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Middle Welsh pronunciations in Wiktionary entries.

Consonants
IPA	Examples	English equivalent
b	bach, cwbyl, mab	be
d	dyd, cadw, tat	do
ð	dyd, deudec	the
f	ffenestr, kyffredin, corff,phenn	find
ɡ	glan, kegin, kic	get
h	heul, gwahan	have
j	ieith	you
k	kig, racw	can
l	ylyuyr, Alban, boly	like
ɬ	llyuyr, kyllell	No English equivalent; similar to the voiceless l in pleasebut with considerably more friction
m	mab, kymeint, dim	me
m̥	uym penn, amharu	wormhole
n	nerth, anadlu, gwynn	no
n̥	uyn tad, brenhin	unhappy
ŋ	uygwlat, rwng, dangos^[1]	thing, finger
ŋ̊	yg Kernyw, aghywir	Shanghai
p	penn, copa	please
r	yrestr, garw, dwuyr	rightbut trilled
r̥	restr, dyarhebu	Voiceless r as in prettybut trilled
s	sarff	see
t	tu, at	time
θ	that, athraw, peth	think
v	uaint, yuab, aual, arf	very
w	wedy, ywreic, kywir	was
χ	chwaer, ychath, bwlch	No common English equivalent; Scots lochor Yinglishchutzpah

Monophthongs
IPA	Examples	English equivalents
a	sant, mab	pant, fan
e	penn, peth	between bet and bait(but monophthongal, as in Welsh English)
ə	ysgriuennydyon	about
i	dim, hir	be
ɨ	gwynn, ty
o	bronn, bro	between bought and boat(but monophthongal, as in Welsh English)
u	cwmm, cwch	you, fool
ʉ	punt, llun

Other symbols used in transcription of Welsh pronunciation
IPA	Explanation
ː	Vowel length, for examplemab/maːb/
ˈ	Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable), for exampleysgriuennydyon/əskrivenˈnəðjon/
.	Syllable break, for exampleaut/ˈa.ʉd/

^dangos has a voiced velar plosive,ɡ, after the velar nasal,ŋ, as in Englishfinger

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