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Appendix:Middle Chinese

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

This page lists the initials and finals of Middle Chinese as attested, as well as the various reconstructions. The "B" (Baxter) columns are transcriptions, and from the third column onwards are IPA symbols.

Initials

[edit]

(Keys: Zz=Zhengzhang Shangfang, K=Bernhard Karlgren, Li=Li Rong, W=Wang Li, Pb=Edwin Pulleyblank, S=Shao Rongfen, B=Baxter, Pan=Pan Wuyun)

#NameBKSWPbZzLiPan
脣音 / bilabial
1帮/非/幫pppppppp
2滂/敷ph
3並/奉/并bbbbbbb
4明/微mmmmmmmm
舌頭音 / alveolar
5tttttttt
6th
7ddddddd
8nnnnnnnn
舌上音 / retroflex
9trȶȶȶʈʈȶʈ
10trhȶʰȶʰȶʰʈʰʈʰȶʰʈʰ
11drȡʱȡȡɖɖȡɖ
12孃/娘nrnnnɳɳnɳ
齒頭音 / dental
13tst͡st͡st͡st͡st͡st͡st͡s
14tsht͡sʰt͡sʰt͡sʰt͡sʰt͡sʰt͡sʰt͡sʰ
15从/從dzd͡zʱd͡zd͡zd͡zd͡zd͡zd͡z
16ssssssss
17zzzzzzzz
正齒音 / retroflex?
18庄/莊tsrʈ͡ʂt͡ʃt͡ʃʈ͡ʂt͡ʃt͡ʃʈ͡ʂ
19tsrhʈ͡ʂʰt͡ʃʰt͡ʃʰʈ͡ʂʰt͡ʃʰt͡ʃʰʈ͡ʂʰ
20dzrɖ͡ʐʱd͡ʒd͡ʒɖ͡ʐd͡ʒd͡ʒɖ͡ʐ
21srʂʃʃʂʃʃʃ
22zrɖ͡ʐʰʒʒʐʒʒʐ
正齒音 / post-alveolar
23tsyt͡ɕt͡ɕt͡ɕct͡ɕt͡ɕt͡ɕ
24tsyht͡ɕʰt͡ɕʰt͡ɕʰt͡ɕʰt͡ɕʰt͡ɕʰ
25禅/禪/常dzyʑd͡ʑʑd͡ʑd͡ʑʑd͡ʑ
26書/书syɕɕɕɕɕɕɕ
27zyd͡ʑʰʑd͡ʑʑʑd͡ʑʑ
? / velar
28見/见kkkkkkkk
29溪/谿kh
30群/羣ggɡɡgɡɡɡ
31ngŋŋŋŋŋŋŋ
喉音 / glottal
32曉/晓xxxxhhxh
33hɣɣɣɦɦɣɦ
34'ʔʔʔʔʔʔ
35云/雲/于hɣɣɦɦɣɦ
miscellaneous
36yjjjj
37来/來llllllll
38nyȵʑȵʑȵʑȵȵȵȵ

Finals

[edit]

(Keys: Zz=Zhengzhang Shangfang, K=Bernhard Karlgren, Li=Li Rong, W=Wang Li, Pb=Edwin Pulleyblank, S=Shao Rongfen, B=Baxter, Pan=Pan Wuyun)

#NameDiv.BKSWPbZzLiPan
通攝 ung
1東一1uwngəwŋ
2東三3juwngi̯uŋiuŋĭuŋuwŋɨuŋiuŋiuŋ
3屋一1uwkuk̚uk̚uk̚əwk̚uk̚uk̚uk̚
4屋三3juwki̯uk̚iuk̚ĭuk̚uwk̚ɨuk̚iuk̚iuk̚
51ownguoŋuoŋawŋuoŋuoŋ
61owkuok̚ok̚uok̚awk̚uok̚ok̚uok̚
73jowngi̯woŋioŋĭwoŋuawŋɨoŋioŋioŋ
83jowki̯wok̚iok̚ĭwok̚uawk̚ɨok̚iok̚iok̚
江攝 ong
92aewngɔŋɔŋɔŋaɨwŋˠʌŋɔŋᵚɔŋ
102aewkɔk̚ɔk̚ɔk̚aɨwk̚ˠʌk̚ɔk̚ᵚɔk̚
止攝 i
11支三開3jieie̯ǐeiə̆iᴇie
12支三合3jwiewie̯juɛǐwewiə̆iuᴇiueʷiɛ
13支重鈕三開3jeie̯ǐejiə̆ˠiᴇjeᵚiɛ
14支重鈕三合3jwewie̯iuɛǐwejwiə̆ˠiuᴇjueʷᵚiɛ
15脂重鈕四開/脂三開3jijiiiii
16脂重鈕四合/脂三合3jwijwijuɪwiwiiuɪuiʷi
17脂重鈕三開3ijiijiˠiɪjiᵚi
18脂重鈕三合3wijwiiuɪwijwiˠiuɪjuiʷᵚi
193iiieĭəɨɨɨ
20微開3j+je̯iiəiĭəiɨjɨiiəiɨi
21微合3jw+jwe̯iiuəiĭwəiujʉiiuəiʷɨi
遇攝 o
223joi̯woĭoɨə̆ɨʌ
231uuoouɔuoouo
243jui̯uioĭuuə̆ɨoioio
蟹攝 ai
25泰開1ajɑiɑiɑiajɑiɑiɑi
26泰合1wajuɑiuɑiuɑiwajuɑiuɑiʷɑi
27廢開3joji̯ɐiiɐiĭɐiɨajɨɐiiɐiiɐi
28廢合3jwoji̯wɐiiuɐiĭwɐiuajʉɐiiuɐiʷiɐi
29夬開2aejaiaiæiaɨjsˠaiaiᵚai
30夬合2waejwaiuaiwæiwaɨjsˠuaiuaiʷᵚai
31佳開2eaaiæiaiaɨjˠɛɛᵚæ
32佳合2weawaiuæiwaiwaɨjˠuɛʷᵚæ
33皆開2eajăiɐiɐiəɨjˠɛiɛiᵚæi
34皆合2weajwăiuɐiwɐiwəɨjˠuɛiuɛiʷᵚæi
35祭重鈕四開/祭三開3jieji̯ɛijæiĭɛiiajiᴇiiɛiiɛi
36祭三合/祭重鈕四合3jwieji̯wɛiiuæiĭwɛiwiajiuᴇiiuɛiʷiɛi
37祭重鈕三開3jeji̯ɛiiæiĭɛijiajˠiᴇijɛiᵚiɛi
38祭重鈕三合3jweji̯wɛiiuæiĭwɛijwiajˠiuᴇijuɛiʷᵚiei
39齊開4ejieiɛiieiɛjeieiei
40齊合4wejiweiuɛiiweiwɛjweiueiʷei
411ojɑ̆iɒiɒiəjʌiᴀiəi
421wojuɑ̆iuɒiuɒiwəjuʌiuᴀiuoi
臻攝 en
43真三/真重鈕四/眞三/眞重鈕四3jini̯ĕnjenĭĕniniɪniĕnin
44眞開/真開3ini̯ĕnienǐĕnjinˠiɪnjĕnᵚin
45真合/眞合3wini̯ĕniuenǐĕnjinˠiuɪnjuĕnʷᵚin
463ini̯ænienĭeninɪniĕnɪn
473jwini̯uĕnjuenĭuĕnwiniuɪniuĕnʷin
48質重鈕四/質三3jiti̯ĕt̚jet̚ĭĕt̚it̚iɪt̚iĕt̚it̚
49質開3iti̯ĕt̚iet̚ĭĕt̚jit̚ˠiɪt̚jĕt̚ᵚit̚
50質合3witi̯ĕt̚iuet̚ĭĕt̚jit̚ˠiuɪt̚juĕt̚ʷᵚit̚
513iti̯æt̚iet̚ĭet̚it̚ɪt̚iĕt̚ɪt̚
523jwiti̯uĕt̚juet̚ĭuĕt̚wit̚iuɪt̚iuĕt̚ʷit̚
531onənənənənənənən
541otət̚ət̚ət̚ət̚ət̚ət̚ət̚
551wonuənuənuənwənuənuənuon
561wotuət̚uət̚uət̚wət̚uət̚uət̚uot̚
573j+ni̯əniənĭənɨnɨniənɨn
583j+ti̯ət̚iət̚ĭət̚ɨt̚ɨt̚iət̚ɨt̚
593juni̯uəniuənĭuənunɨuniuəniun
603juti̯uət̚iuət̚ĭuət̚ut̚ɨut̚iuət̚iut̚
山攝 an
611anɑnɑnɑnanɑnɑnɑn
621wanuɑnuɑnuɑnwanuɑnuɑnʷɑn
631atɑt̚ɑt̚ɑt̚at̚ɑt̚ɑt̚ɑt̚
641watuɑt̚uɑt̚uɑt̚wat̚uɑt̚uɑt̚ʷɑt̚
65元開3jonɨ̯ɐniɐnĭɐnɨanɨɐniɐniɐn
66元合3jwoni̯wɐniuɐnĭwɐnuanʉɐniuɐnʷiɐn
67月開3jotɨ̯ɐt̚iɐt̚ĭɐt̚ɨat̚ɨɐt̚iɐt̚iɐt̚
68月合3jwoti̯wɐt̚iuɐt̚ĭwɐt̚uat̚ʉɐt̚iuɐt̚ʷiɐt̚
69刪開2aenanɐnanaɨnˠananᵚan
70刪合2waenwanuɐnwanwaɨnˠuanuanʷᵚan
71黠開2aetăt̚ɐt̚at̚aɨt̚ˠat̚at̚ᵚat̚
72黠合2waetwăt̚uɐt̚wat̚waɨt̚ˠuat̚uat̚ʷᵚat̚
73山開2eanănænænəɨnˠɛnɛnᵚæn
74山合2weanwănuænwænwəɨnˠuɛnuɛnʷᵚæn
75鎋開2eatat̚æt̚æt̚əɨt̚ˠɛt̚ɛt̚ᵚæt̚
76鎋合2weatwat̚uæt̚wæt̚wəɨt̚ˠuɛt̚uɛt̚ʷᵚæt̚
77仙三開3jieni̯ɛnjænĭɛnianiᴇniɛniɛn
78仙三合3jwieni̯wɛnjuænĭwɛnwianiuᴇniuɛnʷiɛn
79仙重鈕三開3jeni̯ɛniænĭɛnianˠiᴇnjɛnᵚiɛn
80仙重鈕三合3jweni̯wɛniuænĭwɛnwianˠiuᴇnjuɛnʷᵚiɛn
81薛三開3jieti̯ɛt̚jæt̚ĭɛt̚iat̚iᴇt̚iɛt̚iɛt̚
82薛三合3jwieti̯wɛt̚juæt̚ĭuɛt̚wiat̚iuᴇt̚iuɛt̚ʷiɛt̚
83薛重鈕三開3jeti̯ɛt̚iæt̚ĭɛt̚iat̚ˠiᴇt̚jɛt̚ᵚiɛt̚
84薛重鈕三合3jweti̯wɛt̚iuæt̚ĭuɛt̚wiat̚ˠiuᴇt̚juɛt̚ʷᵚiet̚
85先開4enienɛnienɛnenenen
86先合4weniwenuɛniwenwɛnwenuenʷen
87屑開4etiet̚ɛt̚iet̚ɛt̚et̚et̚et̚
88屑合4wetiwet̚uɛt̚iwet̚wɛt̚wet̚uet̚ʷet̚
效攝 au
891awɑuɑuɑuawɑuɑuɑu
902aewauauauaɨwˠauauᵚau
91宵三/宵重鈕四3jiewi̯ɛujæuĭɛuiawiᴇuiɛuiɛu
92宵重鈕三3jewi̯ɛuiæuĭɛuiawˠiᴇujɛuᵚiɛu
934ewieueuieuɛweueueu
果攝 ar
941aɑɑɑaɑɑɑ
95戈一合1wawa
96戈三開3jai̯ɑǐɑɨaɨɑ
97戈三合3jwai̯wɑiuɑĭuɑuaɨuɑiuɑʷiɑ
假攝 a
98麻二開2aeaaaˠaaᵚa
99麻二合2waewauawawaɨˠuauaʷᵚa
100麻三開3jaei̯aiaĭaiaiaiaia
宕攝 ang
101唐開1angɑŋɑŋɑŋɑŋɑŋɑŋ
102唐合1wangwɑŋuɑŋuɑŋwaŋwɑŋuɑŋʷɑŋ
103鐸開1akɑk̚ɑk̚ɑk̚ak̚ɑk̚ɑk̚ɑk̚
104鐸合1wakwɑk̚uɑk̚uɑk̚wak̚wɑk̚uɑk̚ʷɑk̚
105陽開3jangi̯aŋiɑŋĭaŋɨaŋɨɐŋiaŋiɐŋ
106陽合3jwangiwaŋiuɑŋĭwaŋuaŋʉɐŋiuaŋʷiɐŋ
107藥開3jaki̯ak̚iɑk̚ĭak̚ɨak̚ɨɐk̚iak̚iɐk̚
108藥合3jwakiwak̚iuɑk̚ĭak̚uak̚ʉɐk̚iuak̚ʷiɐk̚
梗攝 eng
109庚二開2aengɐŋɐŋaɨjŋˠæŋɐŋᵚaŋ
110庚二合2waengwɐŋuaŋwɐŋwaɨjŋˠwæŋuɐŋʷᵚaŋ
111庚三開/庚重鈕三開3jaengi̯ɐŋiaŋĭɐŋiajŋˠiæŋiɐŋᵚiaŋ
112庚重鈕三合/庚三合3jwaengi̯wɐŋiuaŋĭwɐŋwiajŋˠwiæŋiuɐŋʷᵚiaŋ
113陌二開2aekɐk̚ak̚ɐk̚aɨjk̚ˠæk̚ɐk̚ᵚak̚
114陌二合2waekwɐk̚uak̚wɐk̚waɨjk̚ˠwæk̚uɐk̚ʷᵚak̚
115陌三開3jaekiɐk̚iak̚ĭɐk̚iajk̚ˠiæk̚iɐk̚ᵚiak̚
116陌三合3jwaekiwɐk̚iuak̚ĭwɐk̚wiajk̚ˠwiæk̚iuɐk̚ʷᵚiak̚
117耕開2eangæŋɐŋæŋəɨjŋˠɛŋɛŋᵚæŋ
118耕合2weangwæŋuɐŋwæŋwəɨjŋˠwɛŋuɛŋʷᵚæŋ
119麥開2eakæk̚ɐk̚æk̚əɨjk̚ˠɛk̚ɛk̚ᵚæk̚
120麥合2weakwæk̚uɐk̚wæk̚wəɨjk̚ˠwɛk̚uɛk̚ʷᵚæk̚
121清開3jiengi̯ɛŋiæŋĭɛŋiajŋiᴇŋiɛŋiɛŋ
122清合3jwiengi̯wɛŋiuæŋĭwɛŋwiajŋwiᴇŋiuɛŋʷiɛŋ
123昔開3jieki̯ɛk̚iæk̚ĭɛk̚iajk̚iᴇk̚iɛk̚iɛk̚
124昔合3jwieki̯wɛk̚iuæk̚ĭwɛk̚wiajk̚wiᴇk̚iuɛk̚ʷiɛk̚
125青開4engieŋɛŋieŋɛjŋ
126青合4wengiweŋuɛŋiweŋwɛjŋweŋueŋʷeŋ
127錫開4ekiek̚ɛk̚iek̚ɛjk̚ek̚ek̚ek̚
128錫合4wekiwek̚uɛk̚iwek̚wɛjk̚wek̚uek̚ʷek̚
129登開1ongəŋəŋəŋəŋəŋəŋəŋ
130登合1wongwəŋuəŋuəŋwəŋwəŋuəŋʷəŋ
131德開1okək̚ək̚ək̚ək̚ək̚ək̚ək̚
132德合1wokwək̚uək̚uək̚wək̚wək̚uək̚ʷək̚
曾攝 erng
1333ingi̯əŋieŋĭəŋɨŋiəŋɨŋ
134職開3iki̯ək̚iek̚ĭək̚ik̚ɨk̚iək̚ɨk̚
135職合3wiki̯wək̚iuek̚ĭwək̚wik̚wɨk̚iuək̚ʷɨk̚
流攝 eu
1363juwi̯ə̯uiəuĭəuuwɨuiuiu
1371uwə̯uəuəuəwəuuəu
1383jiwieuieuiəujiwiɪuiĕuɨu
深攝 em
139侵三3jimi̯əmjemĭĕmimiɪmiəmim
140侵重鈕三3imi̯əmiemĭĕmjimˠiɪmjəmᵚim
141緝三3jipi̯əp̚jep̚ĭĕp̚ip̚iɪp̚iəp̚ip̚
142緝重鈕三3ipi̯əp̚iep̚ĭĕp̚jip̚ˠiɪp̚jəp̚ᵚip̚
咸攝 am
1431amɑmɑmɑmamɑmɑmɑm
1441apɑp̚ɑp̚ɑp̚ap̚ɑp̚ɑp̚ɑp̚
1453jaemi̯ɐmiɐmĭɐmɨamɨɐmiɐmiɐm
1463jomi̯wɐmiɐmĭwɐmuamɨɐmiɐmiɐm
1473jaepi̯ɐp̚iɐp̚ĭɐp̚ɨap̚ɨɐp̚iap̚iɐp̚
1483jopi̯wɐp̚iɐp̚ĭwɐp̚uap̚ɨɐp̚iɐp̚iɐp̚
1492aemamamamaɨmˠamamᵚam
1502aepap̚ap̚ap̚aɨp̚ˠap̚ap̚ᵚap̚
1512eamămɐmɐməɨmˠɛmɐmᵚæm
1522eapăp̚ɐp̚ɐp̚əɨp̚ˠɛp̚ɐp̚ᵚæp̚
153鹽三3jiemi̯ɛmjæmĭɛmiamiᴇmiɛmiɛm
154鹽重鈕三3jemi̯ɛmiæmĭɛmjiamˠiᴇmjɛmᵚiɛm
155葉三3jiepi̯ɛp̚jæp̚ĭɛp̚iap̚iᴇp̚iɛp̚iɛp̚
156葉重鈕三3jepi̯ɛp̚iæp̚ĭɛp̚jiap̚ˠiᴇp̚jɛp̚ᵚiɛp̚
1574emiemɛmiemɛmememem
158帖/怗4epiep̚ɛp̚iep̚ɛp̚ep̚ep̚ep̚
1591omămɒmɒməmʌmᴀməm
1601opăp̚ɒp̚ɒp̚əp̚ʌp̚ᴀp̚əp̚
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