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Appendix:Mayan Swadesh lists

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

This is aSwadesh list ofMayan languages, specificallyK'iche',Q'eqchi,Tzotzil,Mam,Yucatec Maya,Wastek andItza', compared with that ofEnglish.

K'iche' (Central Guatemala and Belize) — Spanish orthography used
Q'eqchi' (Northern Guatemala)
Tzotzil (Chiapas, Mexico) — Zinacantán dialect
Mam (Western Guatemala) — Todos Santos Cuchumatán dialect
Yucatec Maya (Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico)
Itza' (Petén, Guatemala)

№	English	K'iche'	Q'eqchi'	Tzotzil	Mam	Yucatec	Huastec	Itza'	Lang8
1	I	in	laa’in		náya	teen	nanaa'	ten
2	you (singular)	at, la (formal)	laa’at, at	vo7ot	jay	teech		tech
3	he	are', aj	ha’an, a’an		ja	letiʼ		layti’, ti’i
4	we	uj, oj	laa’o, aa’o, ha’o	vo7otik, vo7otikotik (ex.)	jo, jóya (ex.)	toʼon		to’on-e’ex, to’on (ex.)
5	you (plural)	ix, alaq (formal)	laa’ex	vo7oshuk	jey	teʼex		te’ex
6	they	e'are'	eb’, teb’		je	letiʼob		layti’oo’, ti’ijoo’
7	this	wa', are', we	ha'in, a’in	li7	jlu	lelaʼ, le jeʼelaʼ		a’laj, je’la’
8	that	le	wan le'	tah, ti		leloʼ, le jeʼeloʼ		a’lo, je’loj
9	here	waral	arin, ayi', sa'in	li7	tzalú	wayeʼ, weyeʼ		wa’yeh
10	there	chiri', chila'	le'	tah, le7, te		toloʼ, teʼeloʼ		te’lo’
11	who	jachin	ani	buch’u	al	máax		max
12	what	jas	k’a’, k’aru	k’u	ti’	baʼax		b’a’ax
13	where	jawi	b'ar	bu	ja’	tuʼux		tu’ux
14	when	jampa	joq'e	k’u 7ora	jtoo (past), jtoj (fut.)	baʼax kʼiin		b’ikin, kil
15	how	jas modo	chan ru	k’u cha7al		bix		b’ix
16	not	b'i, ma, ja'i'	ink'a', moko ... ta	mu		maʼ		ma’, mix
17	all	konojel	anchal, rek', chi junil	kotol, labal		tuláakal		tulakal
18	many	k'i	k'i, k'ihal, mayalok	7ep	nim	yaʼab		yaab’
19	some		junaq, ka’b’ayaq, k’a’na					jujunp’eel
20	few		kach’in, ink’a’ k’i, b’ab’ay	hay		jumpʼíit		tz’eek
21	other		jalan, jun chik	yantik		uláakʼ		laak’
22	one	jun	jun	hun	jun	jun		jun
23	two	kaib'	ka'ib', kwib', kiib'	cha7	káb’a	kaʼa		ka’
24	three	ox	oxib'	7osh	óxa	óox		ox
25	four	qa'jib	kaahib'	chan	chája	kan		kän
26	five	o', jo'ob', job'	oob', hoob'	vo7	jwe’	joʼ		jo’
27	big	nima	nim	muk’	matí’j	nojoch		nojoch, nukuch
28	long		nim xkelam	bitzbitz, tz’upul	nmak	chowak		chawak
29	wide		nim ru	hamal	la’n, nim twitz	kóoch		kooch
30	thick	tzatz	nim xsa'	pim	cho’t, la’n, tziq’	piim		polok
31	heavy	al	aal	7ol	-(t)álil	aal		p’isa’an
32	small	ch'uti	kok’, ch'in	bik’it	ch’in, nux, nuch	chan, chichan, mejen		mejen
33	short	uq	tupus roq	tzapo	ch’in twe’	kóom
34	narrow		kok' ru	japajtik	ch’in twitz	nuʼutʼ		nuut’
35	thin		b'aq	hoy	xaxj	bekʼech		b’ek’ech, jay
36	woman	ixoq	ixq	ʔantz	xuj	chʼuup, xchʼuup, koʼolel	uxum	ixch’up
37	man (adult male)	achij	teelom	mol	xínak	xiib		winik
38	man (human being)	winaq	winq, poyanam	vinik, krishchnano	xjaal	wíinik, máak		mak
39	child (a youth)	al	al	7olol	al, k’waal	paal		paal
40	wife	kixoqil	ixaqil	7ahnilal	xu’l	atan		a’tan
41	husband		b’eelom	malalil, mol	chmil	íicham		icham
42	mother	chuch	na’	me7il	txu	naʼ		na’
43	father	qajaw	taat, yuwa’	totil	man	yuum, taat		tat
44	animal	chikop	xul	chon	alamáj	baʼalcheʼ		b’a’alche’
45	fish	kär, sa’y	kar	choy	kixh	kay		käy
46	bird	tz'ikin	tz’ik	mut	ch’it	chʼíichʼ		ch’iich’
47	dog	tz'i'	tz’i’	tz’i7	txya’n	peekʼ		pek’
48	louse	uk'	uk'	7uch’	squk’	ukʼ		uk’
49	snake	kumatz	k’anti’	chon	lb’aj	kaan		kan
50	worm		kuluk	shuit		nookʼol, xnookʼol		ix nok’ol
51	tree	che'	che’	te7	tze’, k’uul	cheʼ		che’
52	forest	k'che'laj	k’iche’	te7tik, 7osil	txhik’úul	kʼáax		k’aax
53	stick (of wood)		ruq' che'	k’obol		juntsʼíit cheʼ		che’
54	fruit	wächinik	u	satil	lo’pj	ich, u yich cheʼ		ich
55	seed	b'aq'	iyaj	bek’	íyaj	neekʼ		nek’
56	leaf	xuxaq che’	xaq	7anal	txaq	leʼ		le’
57	root	xe'	xe’	7ibel	(t)lok’	moots		motz
58	bark (of tree)		rix che	patil		u sóol cheʼ		pachajche’
59	flower	kotz'i'j	uutz'u'uj, atz'um	nich	ab’éch	lool, nikteʼ		top’
60	grass	k'im	pach'aya', ichaj	hobel	ch’im	xíiw, suʼuk		su’uk
61	rope		k’aam	laso	chjaj	suum		sum
62	skin (of a person)	tz'u'mal, chirij	tz’uumal	nukul	tz’úmal	ootʼ		ot’el
63	meat (as in flesh)	ti’ij, tio'jil	tib’	ti7bol, bek’et	chi’pj	bakʼ		b’äk’
64	blood	kik'	kik’	ch’ich’	chik’y, txhi’	kʼiʼikʼ		k’ik’
65	bone	b'aqil	b’aq	bak	b’aaq	baak		b’ak
66	fat (noun)	kab'chiyal	manteek	hup’el		tsaats, yeekʼ		yek’
67	egg	saqmo'l	mol	tanal	jos	jeʼ, eʼel		je’
68	horn		xukub'	shulub		baak, xulub		b’akche’
69	tail	je'	ye	neil	(t)je’	nej		nej
70	feather (rather not down)		rismal xul, xik’	k’uk’umal		kʼuʼukʼum
71	hair	rismal, wi'	ismal	tzotz, tzatzal	tzmal (t)wi’	tsoʼots		tzo’otz
72	head	jolom	jolom	holol	wi’	pool, joʼol		pol, ho’ol
73	ear	xikin	xik	chikinil	xkin	xikin		xikin
74	eye	b'aq' u wach	(sa’) u, (xnaq’) u	satil, yashavo7	tb’a’ (t)witz	ich		ich
75	nose	tza'm	u’uj	ni7	txánb’aj	niʼ		ni’
76	mouth	chi'	e	7eal	tzi	chiʼ		chi’
77	tooth (rather not molar)	we', re'	e	7eal	witx (w)e	koj		koj
78	tongue	aq'	ru'uj aq'	7ok’	aq’	aakʼ		ak’
79	fingernail	jurub’ sab’äl	ixi’ij	ni7 7ich’akil		íichʼak
80	foot	aqan	oq	7okol		ook		ok
81	leg	a'	a’	7akanil		ook, mukʼook, tʼóon		ok
82	knee	ch'ek	aq	k’uhav	ch’ek	piix		pix
83	hand	q'ab'	uq’m	k’abal	q’ab’	kʼab		k’ab’
84	wing	xik'	xik’	shik’		xiikʼ		xik’
85	belly	pam, jupulik	sa’	tzukut	k’u’j	nakʼ		näk’
86	guts	ixk'ol	k'amk'ot, sooyom	bikil, tzo7		chooch
87	neck	qul	kux, ja’aj	bikil, tzo7		kaal		kal
88	back	ij, pak'alik	ix	patil	xyop	paach		pach
89	breast	tu', tz'um	tu’	chu7il		iim		tzem
90	heart	k'u'x	ch'ool	7o7onil	ánm	puksiʼikʼal		pusik’al
91	liver	seseb'	ch'och'	sekub		táaman, táamnel		tamen
92	todrink	qumunik	uk'ak	7uch’	k’an	ukʼul, ukʼ
93	toeat	wa'im	tzakank, wa'ok, tiwok	7ochan, lahes, ti7	waa’n	janal, jaant
94	tobite		qachok	tzak, ti7		chiʼibal, chiʼ
95	tosuck		tz'ub'uk	tz’utz’		chuʼuch
96	tospit		chuub'ak, chuub'ank	tubah		túub
97	tovomit		xa'wak	shen		xeej
98	toblow (as wind)		apuunk			uust
99	tobreathe		musiq'ak	7ich’ 7ik’		chʼaʼ iikʼ
100	tolaugh		se'ek	tze7in		cheʼej
101	tosee	il, ka’yik, ka’yej	ilok	7il, 7ilbe sat, k’ot sat		il
102	tohear	ta, tatab’enik	ab'ink	7a7i	b’i’n	uʼuy
103	toknow (a fact)	eta'm	nawink	na7, tz’ak, 7ohtikin	alón, tzqi’n	ojel
104	tothink	chomanik, no’jinik	k'a'uxlak	7a7i, na7		tuukul
105	tosmell (sense odor)	chuwinik	utz’uk	7a7ibe 7ik’		úutsʼben
106	tofear	xej	xiw	shi7el ba	xob’	sajaktal
107	tosleep	waram	wark	vay, bat ch’ulel		wenel
108	tolive	k’asi’k	na'ajink	naki, kushul	najl	kuxtal
109	todie	kamik	kamk	cham	chim	kíimil
110	tokill	kämisaj	kamsink	mil	(kub’) b’yon	kíinsik
111	tofight		ch'e'ok	tahin, tzak bail		baʼateʼel
112	tohunt (transitive)		yohob'k			tsʼoon
113	tohit		b'ujuk, ketok	mah, bah	(ok) pjun	jaatsʼ
114	tocut		kuruk	boh, tuch’		xoot, chʼaak
115	tosplit		kiib'ank, jachok	hav, t’ah		jaats
116	tostab (or stick)		xeq'ok	pahbe
117	toscratch (an itch)		q'oyok, parok	hot’
118	todig	k'oto	pikok, aq'ink, b'ekok	ch’oh, hok’
119	toswim		numxik	nushih		báab
120	tofly	ropop	rupik, purik	vil
121	towalk	b’inem	b’eek	shanav		xíimbal
122	tocome	chul	chalk, k'ulunk	tal		taal
123	tolie (as on one's side)		sotlaak, yoklaak	puch’etah		chital
124	tosit		chunlaak, woq'laak	tzuni		kutal
125	tostand		xaqliik	noch'
126	toturn (change direction)		b’alq’usink, q’otok	hoyihes
127	tofall (as in drop)		soq'e'k, tob'b'ak	tishk'uh, p'ah		lúubul
128	togive		k'ehok	7ak’		tsʼáaj
129	tohold (in one's hand)		q’unuk	tom		chʼaʼ, mach
130	tosqueeze		pitz’ok, yatz'ok	pitz’
131	torub		jilok, b'iqok	biulan
132	towash		ch'ajok, puch'uk	pok, chuk’		pʼoʼ
133	towipe		mesok	kus
134	topull		jukunk, kelonk	nit
135	topush		minok, tiikink	shuh, net’
136	tothrow		pumuk, puulesink	hip, ten
137	totie		b'ak’ok, jit'ok	timan
138	tosew		b'ojok, kuuxink	tz’is
139	tocount		ajlank	pas kwenta		xook
140	tosay	cha	yehok	7al		aʼal
141	tosing	b’itza’m, b’itzchil, b’ixonik	b'ichank	k’evuhin		kʼaay
142	toplay		b’atz’unk	tahin		báaxal
143	tofloat		pamamnak	kahi
144	toflow		yo i roq
145	tofreeze		keho'k
146	swell		siip(ilal), teb'elal	situbel
147	sun	qij'	saq’e	k'ak'al	q’ij	kʼiin
148	moon	ik'	po	7u	xjaaw	uj
149	star	ch'umil	chahim	k’anal	che’w	eekʼ
150	water	ja'	ha’	vo', 7a'al	a’	jaʼ
151	torain	jab'	hab’	vo7	jb’aal	kʼáaxal jaʼ
152	river	ja'l	nima’	7uk’um	nim a’
153	lake	cho	palaw	nab
154	sea (as in ocean)	palo	palaw	nab		kʼáakʼnáab
155	salt	atz'am	atz'am	7atz’am	á’tz’a	taʼab
156	stone	ab'äj, xäq	pek	ton	xaq	tuunich
157	sand	sanayeb'	samahi’	yi'
158	dust	poq	poqs	pukuk, 7ik'ubal	quq
159	earth (as in soil)	ulew	ch’och’	balamil	tx’otx’	luʼum
160	cloud	sutz'	choq	tok	muuj	múuyal
161	fog	mayul	sujew	lumal tok		yeeb
162	sky	kaj	choxa, choxaal	vinahel	kya’j	kaʼan
163	wind (as in breeze)	käq’iq’, iq’	iq’	7ik’	chq’iq’	iikʼ
164	snow	muqulik sutz’	xchu’i keh	bot
165	ice	abäj tew	ke	taiv
166	smoke	sib'el	sib’	ch’ail	sib’
167	fire	q'aq'	xam	k’ok’	q’a’q	kʼáakʼ
168	ash	chaj, xaq	cha	tan	tza’j	taʼan
169	toburn (intransitive)	k’atik, polik, qalajik	k’at, choqlenk, humuk	chik’, k’ak’	pátan	elel
170	road	b'e	b'e	be	b’e	bej
171	mountain	juyub'	tzuul	vitz	witz	wits
172	red	kaq(a)	kaq	tzoh, chak-	kyaq	chak
173	green	rax(a)	rax	yosh	cha’x	yaʼax
174	yellow	q'an(a)	q'an	k’on	sak q’ent	kʼan, kʼankʼan
175	white	saqi	saq	sak	sak	sak
176	black	q'eq(a)	q'eq	7ik’	q’eq’	boox
177	night	aq'ab'al, chaq’äb’	q'ojyin	7ak’ubal, 7ik’7osil	qoníya	áakʼab
178	day (daytime)	q'ij	kutank	k’ak’al, 7osil	q’ijl	k’iin
179	year	junab'	hab’	habil	jnab’q’í, tyem	jaʼab
180	warm (as in weather)	qa'q'	tiq	k’ok’	métmaj	chokoj, kʼíinal
181	cold (as in weather)	tew	ke	sik	che’w	keʼel, síis
182	full	nojinäq	nujenaq	noh	noj	chuup
183	new	k’ak’	ak’	7ach’	ák’aj	túumben
184	old	q’e’l	q'eel	k’a7	q’ának, tij	úuchben
185	good	utz	us	7utz, lek	b’a’n	uts, maʼalob
186	bad	itzel, ma utz täj	lab'	chopol	k’a’	kʼaas
187	rotten (as, a log)		q'aaneq	k’a7al, k’o7
188	dirty		b'alak', pes	7ik’		éekʼ
189	straight		tiik	tuk’
190	round		kotko, sursu	setset		wóolis, pe'et
191	sharp (as a knife)		q'es
192	dull (as a knife)		room (Spanish)
193	smooth		q'un, ji'ji'	ch’ulul, lich’ich’
194	wet	ch'aqalik	t'aqt'aq, tz'uuq	t’ushul		ch'uul
195	dry (adjective)	chaqi'j	chaqi	takin
196	right (correct)		q'axal chaab'il	melel
197	near	naqaj	nach', rik'in	nopol	naká, nka	naatsʼ
198	far	naj	nach'	nom	naqch	náach
199	right (side)	wikiaq'ab	sa' nim	batz'i k'obol		noʼoj
200	left (side)	moxq'ab	tz'e	tz’et		tsʼíik
201	at	pa	sa’	ta		tiʼ
202	in	pa	sa’	k’al		ich
203	with (accompanying)	ruk'	rik’in	chi7uk, tohol		yéetel
204	and	xupuje'	ut	7i		yéetel
205	if		si' (Spanish)	mi	ka	wa
206	because		xb’aan naq	k’u ti		tumen
207	name	b'i'	k'ab'a'ej	biil	b’i	kʼaabaʼ

Sources

[edit]

Wichmann, Søren and Kerry Hull. 2009. "Q'eqchi' vocabulary" In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) World Loanword Database. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, 1774 entries.http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/34
Brown, Cecil H. 2009. "Zinacantán Tzotzil vocabulary" In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) World Loanword Database. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, 1217 entries.http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/33
http://www.lrc.salemstate.edu/mam/mamdictionary.pdf
Academia de la Lengua Maya de Yucatán, A. C. (2007),Diccionario maya popular: Maya-español, español-maya (in Spanish),→ISBN

External links

[edit]

EnglishWikipedia has an article on:

Mayan languages

Wikipedia

Zinacantán Tzotzil Vocabulary List (from the World Loanword Database)
Q'eqchi' Vocabulary List (from the World Loanword Database)
K'iche-English dictionary
Wikibooks on K'iche'
The Mayan languages
Mam-Spanish dictionary

Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Ashkun Akkadian Albanian Amdo Tibetan Amharic Antillean Creole Arabic Chadian Arabic Cypriot Arabic Egyptian Arabic Juba Arabic Moroccan Arabic South Levantine Arabic Tunisian Arabic Armenian Old Armenian Aromanian Assamese Asturian Avar Avestan Awadhi Fiji Hindi Azerbaijani Bangala Bashkir Basque Belarusian Bengali Berber Tashelhit Central Atlas Tamazight Tuareg Kabyle Tarifit Bhojpuri Breton Buginese Bulgarian Burmese Burushaski Cantonese Cape Verdean Carpathian Rusyn Catalan Cebuano Celtiberian Central Bikol Chambeali Chamorro Chavacano Chechen Cornish Crimean Tatar Czech Old Czech Dalmatian Danish Dhivehi Dutch Afrikaans Limburgish Zealandic Egyptian English Middle English Old English Elamite Estonian Etruscan Even Evenki Faliscan Fanagalo Faroese Fijian Finnish Fongbe French Middle French Old French Frisian West Frisian Friulian Galician Gallo Gan Garo Garhwali Gaulish Galatian Gelao Georgian Old Georgian German Gothic Greek Ancient Greek Mariupol Greek Mycenaean Greek Guaraní Guinea-Bissau Creole Gujarati Haitian Creole Hakka Hausa Hawaiian Hebrew Biblical Hebrew Modern Hebrew Hindi Hindustani Hittite Hmong Hungarian Hunsrik Icelandic Ilocano Ingush Irish Old Irish Classical Gaelic Italian Jamaican Creole Japanese Old Japanese Classical Japanese Jaunsari Javanese Jeju Jizhao Kannada Kapampangan Kashubian Kashmiri Katë Kazakh Khmer Komi-Zyrian Konkani Korean Middle Korean Kurdish Kurmanji Sorani Kurukh Kusunda Kyrgyz Ladino Latin Vulgar Latin Latvian Latgalian Ligurian Lepontic Lingala Linngithigh Lithuanian Lombard Low Saxon Lower Sorbian Luwian Macedonian Maguindanao Maithili Makasar Malagasy Malay Betawi Indonesian Musi Malayalam Maltese Manchu Mandarin Standard Mandarin Sichuanese Nanjing Mandarin Mandaic Manx Māori Maranao Marathi Old Marathi Mauritian Creole Megleno-Romanian Meitei/Manipuri Middle Chinese Min Hokkien Eastern Min Mingrelian Mongolian Mokilese Muong Navajo Neapolitan Nepali Norwegian Northern Mansi Nihali Nuristani Kalasha Occitan Odia Ojibwe Okinawan Old Chinese Old Norse Old Prussian Old Tupi Oscan Osing Ossetian Papiamento Pashto Persian Middle Persian Old Persian Phrygian Pirahã Polabian Polish Old Polish Portuguese Old Portuguese Prasun Punjabi Purepecha Quechua Romani Caló Romanian Russian Sangisari Sanskrit Saraiki Santali Scots Scottish Gaelic Serbo-Croatian Siberian Tatar Sicilian Silesian Sindhi Sinhala Slovak Slovene Somali Spanish Old Spanish Sranan Sumerian Sundanese Old Sundanese Swahili Swedish Tagalog Tahitian Tajik Talysh Tamil Tatar Telugu Temiar Tetum Tigrinya Tiwi Thai Tocharian A Tocharian B Tok Pisin Tooro Torwali Tregami Tswana Turkish Turkmen Tuvaluan Udi Caucasian Albanian Ukrainian Umbrian Upper Sorbian Urdu Uyghur Uzbek Vietnamese Walloon Waray-Waray Welsh Wu Shanghainese Suzhounese Wutun Yiddish Yola Zazaki Zulu Xiang ǃXóõ
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Afroasiatic Albanian Algonquian and Iroquoian Anatolian Arabic Armenian Austroasiatic Austronesian (Oceanic) Balto-Slavic Baltic Slavic Bantu Berber Celtic Brythonic Goidelic Continental Celtic Chumashan and Hokan Dené–Yeniseian Dravidian Formosan Germanic West North Hellenic Hmong-Mien Hurro-Urartian Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Iranian Nuristani Italic Romance Sabellic Japonic Kartvelian Kho-Bwa Kuki-Chin Kra–Dai Mayan Muskogean Niger–Congo Northeast Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Oto-Manguean Paleosiberian Pama-Nyungan Penutian Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Raji-Raute Tibeto-Burman Tocharian Tyrsenian Slavic East West South Siouan and Pawnee South American Tungusic Tupian Turkic Uralic Finnic Uto-Aztecan
Constructed languages
Esperanto Ido Interlingua Interlingua Lidepla Lojban Toki Pona
Reconstructed proto-languages
Proto-Afroasiatic Proto-Albanian Proto-Anatolian Proto-Austroasiatic Proto-Austronesian Proto-Balto-Slavic Proto-Bantu Proto-Basque Proto-Celtic Proto-Dené-Yeniseian Proto-Germanic Proto-West Germanic Proto-Hellenic Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-Iranian Proto-Indo-Aryan Proto-Iranian Proto-Nuristani Proto-Italic Proto-Japonic Proto-Mayan Proto-Slavic Proto-Turkic Proto-Tai Proto-Tocharian Proto-Yeniseian
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