Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

Appendix:Mandaic Swadesh list

Add links

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

This is aSwadesh list of words inMandaic, compared with definitions inEnglish.

Introduction

[edit]

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article:Swadesh list.

American linguistMorris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

[edit]

No.	English	Neo-Mandaic Mandɔyí
1	I	ana [ˈæːnɔ]
2	you (singular)	at [ɔt]
3	he,she,it	hui [ˈhuwi]
4	we	ani [ˈæni]
5	you (plural)	atan [ˈætton]
6	they	huni [ˈhonni]
7	this	auha [ˈɔːhɔ]
8	that	aku [ˈaχu]
9	here	hna [ɛhˈnɔː]
10	there	akak [ɛkˈkaχ]
11	who	man [mæn]
12	what	mia [mu]
13	where	alia [ˈɛljɔ]
14	when	hamdu [ˈhɛmdɔ]
15	how	kmu [ˈkæmmɔ]
16	not	lu [lu]
17	all	gaš [gɛʃ]
18	many	ginza [ˈgɛnzɔ]
19	some	parz [ˈpɛɹzi]
20	few	parzi [ˈpɛɹzi]
21	other	hurina [hoˈriːnɔ]
22	one	ahda [ˈɛhdɔ]
23	two	trin [trɛn]
24	three	klata [ˈklɔːθɔ]
25	four	arbu [ˈaɹbɔ]
26	five	hamša [ˈhæmʃɔ]
27	big	rabu [ˈræbbɔ]
28	long	arik [əˈriːχɔ]
29	wide	patia [ˈpæθjɔ]
30	thick	smika [səˈmiːχɔ]
31	heavy	kadira [kæˈdiːrɔ]
32	small	hanin [hoˈniːnɔ]
33	short	gṭan [gəˈtˁɔːnɔ]
34	narrow	zalil [zæˈliːlɔ]
35	thin	hapip [hæˈfif]
36	woman	ata (ainša) [ˈɛθθɔ]
37	man (adult male)	gabra [ˈgævrɔ]
38	man (human being)	barnaša [baɹˈnɔːʃɔ]
39	child	gihal [ˈʤiːhɛl]
40	wife	ata [ˈɛθθɔ]
41	husband	bla [ˈbɛllɔ]
42	mother	ama [ˈɛmmɔ]
43	father	baua [ˈbɔːwɔ]
44	animal	uahši [ˈwæħʃi]
45	fish	panida [foˈniːdɔ]
46	bird	supra [ˈsˁoprɔ]
47	dog	kalba [ˈkælbɔ]
48	louse	qmulta [qəˈmolθɔ]
49	snake	hauia [ˈhɛvjɔ]
50	worm	tla [ˈtʌljɔ]
51	tree	drakt / šagra [dəˈraχt]
52	forest	[ʤænˈgɑl]
53	stick	gasna [ˈʁʌsˁnɔ]
54	fruit	miua [ˈmiːwɔ]
55	seed	bazra [ˈbæzrɔ]
56	leaf	pr [pæɹ]
57	root	gazra [ˈʤæðrɔ]
58	bark (of a tree)	mašk šagra [ˌmɛʃkˈʃɪʤrɔ]
59	flower	gal / gul [gol]
60	grass	hašiš [ħaˈʃiʃ]
61	rope	mašua [ˈmæʃwɔ]
62	skin	maška [ˈmɛʃkɔ]
63	meat	basra [ˈbɛsrɔ]
64	blood	dma / zama [dəˈmɒː]
65	bone	garma [ˈgɛɹmɔ]
66	fat (noun)	šamna [ˈʃæmnɔ]
67	egg	baia [ˈbɛɪjɔ]
68	horn	qarn [qæɹn]
69	tail	dama [ˈdɛmmɔ]
70	feather	gapu / gapa [ˈgæppɔ]
71	hair	manza [ˈmænzɔ]
72	head	riša [ˈriʃɔ]
73	ear	adna / ana [ˈonnɔ]
74	eye	aina [ˈiːnɔ]
75	nose	nhira [nəˈhiːrɔ]
76	mouth	pama [ˈpommɔ]
77	tooth	šana [ˈʃɛnnɔ]
78	tongue (organ)	lšan [lɛˈʃɔːnɔ]
79	fingernail
80	foot	kraia [kəˈrɔːjɔ]
81	leg	kraia / lagra [ˈloʁərɔ]
82	knee	burka [ˈbʌɹkɔ]
83	hand	aida [ˈiːdɔ]
84	wing	gapa [ˈgæppɔ]
85	belly	karṣa [ˈkaɹsɔ]
86	guts	karsa [ˈkaɹsɔ]
87	neck	paqata [foˈqʌttˁɔ]
88	back	butar [ˈbɔːθaɹ]
89	breast
90	heart	libu [ˈlɛbbɔ]
91	liver	kabda [ˈkæbdɔ]
92	todrink	št [ʃot]
93	toeat	akal [χol]
94	tobite	nakti [nəˈχot]
95	tosuck	šat [ʃot]
96	tospit	araq [ˈarrɛq]
97	tovomit	gha [gəˈhɔː]
98	toblow	rahu ata [ˌrɛhhu ɛˈθɔː]
99	tobreathe
100	tolaugh	ghak [gəˈhoχ]
101	tosee	hzi [həˈziː]
102	tohear	ṣat [sˁot]
103	toknow	bašqir [ˈbaʃqɛɹ]
104	tothink	pakr auad [ˌfɛkrɛˈwod]
105	tosmell	arah [ˈærrɛ]
106	tofear	dhalta [dəˈholtɔ]
107	tosleep	gni [gəˈniː]
108	tolive	hian hauin [həˈjɔːnɔ]
109	todie	mt [mɛθ]
110	tokill	gṭal [gəˈtˁol]
111	tofight	šr [ʃɛɹ əˈvod]
112	tohunt	ṣaid [sˁaɪd]
113	tohit	mhi [məˈhiː]
114	tocut	pṣqi [ˈposqi]
115	tosplit	palga [ˈpalʁɒ]
116	tostab	mhi [məˈhiː]
117	toscratch	huk [ˈhoːχɔ]
118	todig	hpr [həˈfoɹ]
119	toswim	šnu [ʃəˌnɔ əˈvod]
120	tofly	ahr azgu [ˌohhr̩ɛzˈgiː]
121	towalk	duti [ˈdoːθi]
122	tocome	gni [gəˈniː]
123	tolie (as in a bed)	ihm [jəˈhom]
124	tosit	bgaṣ [bəˈʁosˁ]
125	tostand	hadar [həˈdoɹ]
126	toturn (intransitive)	npal [nəˈfol]
127	tofall	phar [pəˈhoɹ]
128	togive	ahau [əˈhov]
129	tohold	lkuṭ [ləˈχotˁ]
130	tosqueeze	asra [ˈasˁra]
131	torub	parki [ˈpoɹχi]
132	towash	hauar [ˈhawwɛɹ]
133	towipe
134	topull	tli [təˈliː]
135	topush	hul aud [hol əˈvod]
136	tothrow	ṭuhi [ˈtˁaʊħi]
137	totie	uaiaq [ˈvaɪjɛq]
138	tosew	huṭ [hotˁ]
139	tocount	mni [məˈniː]
140	tosay	amar [əˈmoɹ]
141	tosing	zmr [zəˈmoɹ]
142	toplay	ṭalal [ˈtˁallɛl]
143	tofloat	šanu [ʃɛˈnɔː]
144	toflow	npaq [nəˈfoq]
145	tofreeze	gmad [ʤəˈmod]
146	toswell	smar [sˁəmoɹ]
147	sun	šamaš [ˈʃɔːmɛʃ]
148	moon	sara [ˈsɛrrɔ]
149	star	kakua [ˈkoχwɔ]
150	water	mia / mina [ˈmiɛn̆ ɔ]
151	rain	maṭra [ˈmatˁrɔ]
152	river	nahra [ˈnæhrɔ]
153	lake	iama [ˈjæmmɔ]
154	sea	iama [ˈjæmmɔ]
155	salt	mahla [ˈmɛhlɔ]
156	stone	glal [gəˈlæltɔ]
157	sand	hala [ˈhɔːlɔ]
158	dust	gbar [ʁʌˈbɔɹ]
159	earth	dašta [ˈdɛʃtɔ]
160	cloud	aiua [ˈiːvɔ]
161	fog	[ʕaˈʤɒʤ]
162	sky	arqiha [rˈ̩qiːhɔ]
163	wind	rahua [ˈrɛhwɔ]
164	snow	talg nihat [talg nəˈhaθ]
165	ice	talga [ˈtælgɔ]
166	smoke	gatra [ˈgʌtˁrɔ]
167	fire	nura [ˈnuːrɔ]
168	ash	tauša / ṭauša [ˈtˁɑʊʃo]
169	toburn	qla [qəˈliː]
170	road	ahra [ˈohrɔ]
171	mountain	ṭur [ˈtˁuːrɔ]
172	red	ṣmaqa [səˈmɔːqɔ]
173	green	iaraqa [jæˈroːqɔ]
174	yellow	sapra [ˈsofrɔ]
175	white	hbara [həˈwɔːrɔ]
176	black	akumu [oˈkuːmɔ]
177	night	lilia [ˈlɪljɔ]
178	day	iuma [ˈjuːmɔ]
179	year	šta [ˈʃɛttɔ]
180	warm	hamim [hæˈmim]
181	cold	msi [məˈsiː]
182	full	mli [məˈliː]
183	new	hata [ˈhæθθɔ]
184	old	hatiqa [hæˈtiɛq̆ ɔ]
185	good	ṣanii / ṣanua [sˁʌnaʕa]
186	bad	bṭala [bəˈtˁɔːlɔ]
187	rotten	sari [səˈriː]
188	dirty	ṭaušana [tˁaʊˈʃɔːnɔ]
189	straight	raṣ [rɔs]
190	round	gird [giɹd]
191	sharp (as a knife)	tiz [tiz]
192	dull (as a knife)
193	smooth	nrm [ˈnaɹmɔ]
194	wet	msamar [məˈsˁammaɹ]
195	dry	ibuša [jæˈbuːʃɔ]
196	correct	durust [doˈros]
197	near	nazdik [næzˈdik]
198	far	baiid [baˈʕid]
199	right	iamin [jɛˈmiːnɔ]
200	left	asmala [ˈsmɔːlɔ]
201	at	qar [qɔɹ]
202	in	gu [gɔʊ]
203	with	ark [oɹk]
204	and	u [wə]
205	if	agr [ˈægæɹ]
206	because	ka [kɛ]
207	name	ašma [ˈɛʃmɔ]

References

[edit]

Häberl, Charles (2009),The Neo-Mandaic Dialect of Khorramshahr‎^[1], Otto Harrassowitz,→DOI

Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Ashkun Akkadian Albanian Amdo Tibetan Amharic Antillean Creole Arabic Chadian Arabic Cypriot Arabic Egyptian Arabic Juba Arabic Moroccan Arabic South Levantine Arabic Tunisian Arabic Armenian Old Armenian Aromanian Assamese Asturian Avar Avestan Awadhi Fiji Hindi Azerbaijani Bangala Bashkir Basque Belarusian Bengali Berber Tashelhit Central Atlas Tamazight Tuareg Kabyle Tarifit Bhojpuri Breton Buginese Bulgarian Burmese Burushaski Cantonese Cape Verdean Carpathian Rusyn Catalan Cebuano Celtiberian Central Bikol Chambeali Chamorro Chavacano Chechen Cornish Crimean Tatar Czech Old Czech Dalmatian Danish Dhivehi Dutch Afrikaans Limburgish Zealandic Egyptian English Middle English Old English Elamite Estonian Etruscan Even Evenki Faliscan Fanagalo Faroese Fijian Finnish Fongbe French Middle French Old French Frisian West Frisian Friulian Galician Gallo Gan Garo Garhwali Gaulish Galatian Gelao Georgian Old Georgian German Gothic Greek Ancient Greek Mariupol Greek Mycenaean Greek Guaraní Guinea-Bissau Creole Gujarati Haitian Creole Hakka Hausa Hawaiian Hebrew Biblical Hebrew Modern Hebrew Hindi Hindustani Hittite Hmong Hungarian Hunsrik Icelandic Ilocano Ingush Irish Old Irish Classical Gaelic Italian Jamaican Creole Japanese Old Japanese Classical Japanese Jaunsari Javanese Jeju Jizhao Kannada Kapampangan Kashubian Kashmiri Katë Kazakh Khmer Komi-Zyrian Konkani Korean Middle Korean Kurdish Kurmanji Sorani Kurukh Kusunda Kyrgyz Ladino Latin Vulgar Latin Latvian Latgalian Ligurian Lepontic Lingala Linngithigh Lithuanian Lombard Low Saxon Lower Sorbian Luwian Macedonian Maguindanao Maithili Makasar Malagasy Malay Betawi Indonesian Musi Malayalam Maltese Manchu Mandarin Standard Mandarin Sichuanese Nanjing Mandarin Mandaic Manx Māori Maranao Marathi Old Marathi Mauritian Creole Megleno-Romanian Meitei/Manipuri Middle Chinese Min Hokkien Eastern Min Mingrelian Mongolian Mokilese Muong Navajo Neapolitan Nepali Norwegian Northern Mansi Nihali Nuristani Kalasha Occitan Odia Ojibwe Okinawan Old Chinese Old Norse Old Prussian Old Tupi Oscan Osing Ossetian Papiamento Pashto Persian Middle Persian Old Persian Phrygian Pirahã Polabian Polish Old Polish Portuguese Old Portuguese Prasun Punjabi Purepecha Quechua Romani Caló Romanian Russian Sangisari Sanskrit Saraiki Santali Scots Scottish Gaelic Serbo-Croatian Siberian Tatar Sicilian Silesian Sindhi Sinhala Slovak Slovene Somali Spanish Old Spanish Sranan Sumerian Sundanese Old Sundanese Swahili Swedish Tagalog Tahitian Tajik Talysh Tamil Tatar Telugu Temiar Tetum Tigrinya Tiwi Thai Tocharian A Tocharian B Tok Pisin Tooro Torwali Tregami Tswana Turkish Turkmen Tuvaluan Udi Caucasian Albanian Ukrainian Umbrian Upper Sorbian Urdu Uyghur Uzbek Vietnamese Walloon Waray-Waray Welsh Wu Shanghainese Suzhounese Wutun Yiddish Yola Zazaki Zulu Xiang ǃXóõ
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Afroasiatic Albanian Algonquian and Iroquoian Anatolian Arabic Armenian Austroasiatic Austronesian (Oceanic) Balto-Slavic Baltic Slavic Bantu Berber Celtic Brythonic Goidelic Continental Celtic Chumashan and Hokan Dené–Yeniseian Dravidian Formosan Germanic West North Hellenic Hmong-Mien Hurro-Urartian Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Iranian Nuristani Italic Romance Sabellic Japonic Kartvelian Kho-Bwa Kuki-Chin Kra–Dai Mayan Muskogean Niger–Congo Northeast Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Oto-Manguean Paleosiberian Pama-Nyungan Penutian Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Raji-Raute Tibeto-Burman Tocharian Tyrsenian Slavic East West South Siouan and Pawnee South American Tungusic Tupian Turkic Uralic Finnic Uto-Aztecan
Constructed languages
Esperanto Ido Interlingua Interlingua Lidepla Lojban Toki Pona
Reconstructed proto-languages
Proto-Afroasiatic Proto-Albanian Proto-Anatolian Proto-Austroasiatic Proto-Austronesian Proto-Balto-Slavic Proto-Bantu Proto-Basque Proto-Celtic Proto-Dené-Yeniseian Proto-Germanic Proto-West Germanic Proto-Hellenic Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-Iranian Proto-Indo-Aryan Proto-Iranian Proto-Nuristani Proto-Italic Proto-Japonic Proto-Mayan Proto-Slavic Proto-Turkic Proto-Tai Proto-Tocharian Proto-Yeniseian
(edit this template)

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Mandaic_Swadesh_list&oldid=78716997"

Categories:

[8]ページ先頭