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Appendix:English third-person singular pronouns

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This is a list of third-person singular pronouns which are used in English. First the common, traditional pronouns are listed:he,she,it,one and the singularthey; then,periphrastic or combined forms andattestedgender-neutral pronouns are listed.

Nominative (subject)Accusative (object)Possessive adjectivePossessive pronounReflexive
Traditional pronouns
masculinehe laughsI kissedhimhis head hurtsthat ishishe feedshimself
feminineshe laughsI kissedherher head hurtsthat ishersshe feedsherself
neuterit laughsI kisseditits head hurtsthat isitsit feedsitself
"one"one laughsI kissedoneone’s head hurtsthat isone’sone feedsoneself
singular "they"they laughI kissedthemtheir head hurtsthat istheirsthey feedthemself /themselves
Combined forms
"he or she"he or she laughsI kissedhim or herhis or her head hurtsthat ishis or hershe or she feedshim or herself,him- or herself,himself or herself
"she or he"she or he laughsI kissedher or himher or his head hurts
"he/she"he/she laughsI kissedhim/herhis/her head hurtsthat ishis/hershe/she feedshim/herself,himself/herself
"she/he"she/he laughsI kissedher/himher/his head hurtsthat ishers/hisshe/he feedsher/himself,herself/himself
"s/he", "(s)he"s/he,(s)he laughs
Neopronouns
"yo"[1]yo laughsI kissedyo
Elverson[2]ey laughsI kissedemeir head hurtsthat iseirsey feedsemself
Spivak (original)[3]e laughsI kissedemeir head hurtsthat iseirse feedsemself
Spivak variantsey laughs
e laughs		I kissedemeir head hurtsthat iseirsey feedsemself
ey feedseirself
e feedsemself
e feedseirself
"s/he" and "hir"[4]s/he laughsI kissedhirhir head hurtsthat ishirss/he feedshirself
"sie" and "hir"[5]sie laughsI kissedhirhir head hurtsthat ishirssie feedshirself
"shi" and "hir" (furry variant of "sie"/"hir")shi laughsI kissedhirhir head hurtsthat ishirsshi feedshirself
"ze" and "hir"[6]ze laughsI kissedhirhir head hurtsthat ishirsze feedshirself
"ze" and "zir"[7]ze laughsI kissedzirzir head hurtsthat iszirsze feedszirself
"ve"ve laughsI kissedvervis head hurtsthat isversve feedsverself
"xe"xe laughsI kissedxemxyr head hurts
xir head hurts		that isxyrs
that isxirs		xe feedsxemself
xe feedsxirself
xe feedsxyrself
"hu"hu laughsI kissedhuhu head hurtshu feedshuself
"per"[8]per laughsI kissedperper /pers head hurtsthat ispersper feedsperself
"co"[9]co laughsI kissedcoco’s /cos head hurtsthat isco’s /cosco feedscoself
"thon"[10][11]thon laughsI kissedthonthons head hurtsthat isthon’sthon feedsthonself
"heorshe"heorshe laughsI kissedhimorherhisorher head hurtsheorshe feedshimorherself
"fae"[12]fae laughsI kissedfaerfaer head hurtsthat isfaersfae feedsfaerself

References

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  1. ^Spontaneously created at Baltimore schools, no background related to transgender, feminism, science fiction, or technical writing known,Stotko and Troyer 2007
  2. ^Coined by Christine M. Elverson of Skokie, Illinois, to win a contest in 1975. Promoted as preferable to other major contenders (sie,zie and singularthey) by John Williams’sGender-neutral Pronoun FAQ (2004).
    • Black, Judie (23 August 1975), “Ey has a word for it”, inChicago Tribune, section 1, page12).
  3. ^Popularized byLambdaMOO in 1991, based on the use ofE,Ey, andEir inThe Joy of TeX (1983) byMichael Spivak.
  4. ^Used in science fiction like Peter David’sStar Trek: New Frontier book series.
  5. ^First recorded use on Usenet:Chip Hitchcock (26 May 1981), “receptors”, infa.sf-lovers‎[1] (Usenet), retrieved1 January 2007
  6. ^Kate Bornstein (18 December 1997),My Gender Workbook: How to Become a Real Man, a Real Woman, the Real You, or Something Else Entirely‎[2], London, New York: Routledge,→ISBN,→LCCN
  7. ^Lynsey Calderwood (2002),Cracked: Recovering After Traumatic Brain Injury, Jessica Kingsley Publishers,→ISBN,page155
  8. ^MediaMOO's "person" gender, derived from Marge Piercy'sWoman on the Edge of Time (1979), in which people of 2137 use "per" as their sole third-person pronoun.
  9. ^Coined by feminist writerMary Orovan in 1970; in common usage inintentional communities of theFederation of Egalitarian Communities.
    • Dennis Baron (22 June 2010 (last accessed)), “The Epicene Pronouns”, inIllinois University‎[3]
    • Jim Kingdon (22 June 2010 (last accessed)), “Gender-free Pronouns in English”, inPanix‎[4]
  10. ^C. C. Converse (23 July 1884), “A New Pronoun”, inThe Critic and Good Literature‎[5], number31, New York, published 2 August 1884, page55
  11. ^C. Crozat Converse (November1889), “That Desired Impersonal Pronoun”, inThe Writer‎[6], volume 3, number 2, Boston, pages247-248
  12. ^Ehm Hjorth Miltersen, “Nounself pronouns: 3rd person personal pronouns as identity expression”,Journal of Language Works, Volume 1, Number 1 (2016)
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