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Appendix:Chumashan and Hokan Swadesh lists

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

This is aSwadesh list ofHokan andChumashan languages, specificallyIpai,Cocopa,Kiliwa,Mojave,Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai,Achumawi,Yana andSalinan and one or more others, compared with that ofEnglish.

This list includes:

  • Ipai (Northern Diegueño) — Southern California, United States (Mesa Grande variety)
  • Tiipai (Southern Diegueño) — Baja California, Mexico; Southern California, United States (Jamul variety)
  • Cocopa — Arizona, United States; Sonora, Mexico (Note: dotted consonants, such as ṣ, are written as ss, while ł is is written as ll.)
  • Kiliwa (Spanish orthography used) — Baja California, Mexico
  • Chumash, Inezeño (Samala) — Southern California, United States

Note: Additional vocabulary words have been added after word no. 207 ("name"), since the original lengths of Swadesh lists are either 100 or 207 words.

List

[edit]
EnglishHokan languagesCentral Chumash
(Ineseño variety
unless otherwise noted)
Yuman languagesPomo languages
(various)
AchumawiYanaSalinan
Ipai
(Mesa Grande variety)
Tiipai
(Jamul variety)
CocopaKiliwaMohaveHavasupai–Hualapai language
(Havasupai variety)
1I'enyaach, 'e-, '-nyaach, nyaap, nyáapanyaapñaap'inyech, 'a-/'-nyak-
2you
(singular)
maach, me-, m-maach, maap, máapamapúmaymanych, m-, ma-map-
3hepuuch, -øpuuch, puu (dist.)p-ñipáa (he/she)vidach, hovach (dist.), -ø....-k/-mnyihá,nyithás-
4we'enyaawapchnya'wach, nya'wap, nya'wápapáñaap'inyeechvchnya,nyáji
5you
(plural)
menyaawapchmenya'wach, menya'wapñipáa chaaúmaachvchma,máji
6theypupchpuuch, puu (dist.)ñipáatvidaachvch, hovaachvch (dist.)nyihá,nyiháji
7thispeyaapeyapiimí, eñoomheʼ, hečiʼ, hečaʼ
8thatpuupuu (dist.), nyip (med.)puuñiaatloʼ, koloʼ (dist.);
kwekʼi, hekʼi (med.)
9herepeyiipeyiipuymíl
10therepuypuy, nyipssayñák
11whomaapme'apluuny, luupmaakuneʼ
12what'uuchma'wi, maayiichluuny, luupkwitsukʼu
13wheremaayme'aabeltakaʼ
14whenkumyum, ma'yumma'yuum, nyama'yuumknyayúmmat piim
15howmeyuu, mu'yuumu'yu, mu'yuu, ma'wipojooy, p’iim
16notumaawxemaawlaxmatʼinsil
17allnyaamat(nya)chamllymaamkospílyilaʼ
18many'ehmiiy, hemiiyllyaw (v.)llyay, nyaamulooy máto, siwáʼɨhɨ
19somemarwaymeyap (v.)set
20few'ehiinkyaawteelt
21otherkwa'hinshínikpar (other side)
22one'ehink, 'uunshin (v.)shittmsíg'aséntikisítetatoha'mísbai(gu)-t'oypakaš
23twohewukxewak (v.)xwakjuwakhavíkxuwágekoha'kux(si)-kákeshʼiškom̓
24threehemukxemuk, xmuk (v.)xmukjmikhamókhumúgesibo'cásdibul(mic'igu)-lápaymasɨx
25fourchepupchepap (v.)spapmnakcimpáphop'áduokohad:á:mádaumi(gu)-késha'skumu
26fivesawrrup, saarapsaarap (v.)ssrapsalchipamtharápthêtrápenatsuilád:íwzhimad(gu)-'óltat'yitipakaš;
tiyen̓i(Obispeño)
27big'iikuutay (v.)ptaytay
28long'equllkush (v.)kwllykíss
29wide'all'aallyteeyp
30thickmenuttksemuutt (v.)kwiishkuteey (fat)
31heavywenah, wenihnix (v.)nyixmechaa maayxulxul
32small'estiklyepish (v.)lycashmudit
33shortmeputtkle'uny (v.)xly'uttnmooj
34narrowhelyumkmilmil (v.)shily 'i
35thinkwalkwaal, wekwiirpwir'iir (v., pl. subj.)rssaaw, ss'iittjo'on
36womansinynyech'ak, ch'ak, chaks'ak, yesʔakkekóo, yiskôthinyaʔaakpakrimataamitéucanmariʔmiletsʔéʼeneq
37man
(adult male)
'iikwich'iipa'apákumeeyʼɨhɨy̓
38man
(human being)
'iipaytiipaycapáyipaaku
39child
(a youth)
'elymaamxekwallkwaramáss (plural)sáaupchʼichʼiʼ, ichtɨn̓
40wifepaasiny, unyeway (spouse)achewaawwàswáytal̓ik
41husbandpaachuuynyekur'akkwr'akis-hɨy̓
42motherkuhkwany, paatalyntaly, naan(ny)caaeñootɨkʼ, teteʼ
43fatherpaataatntat, ntaat(ny)'aaesñookokoʼ
44animalnyechehaatt ("their")(ny)xatt (domestic)tukuipaay
45fishcheesi'íllyteetʼal̓ilimuw
46bird'aashaaaashashatuwálowicʼ
47dog'ehattxattxattthathuchu
48louseemillyxllis, 'i'íllyjlpokšik
49snakeewiia'wiyacáácuwi'xshap
50wormillma'íílly
51tree'ily'ii'ayáátajak (tay)pon̓
52forestjaal jak, semel jak
53stick
(of wood)
'ily(ny)ssu'árlpápon̓
54fruitxpally (of ironwood)paay
55seed'esemay, eyach (corn)yachyasyíitʼamɨn̓
56leafwalsmakqap
57rootpehemaa (also tendons)waxenukwshamáousmáa maat
58bark
(of tree)
haaseyallssxuyályiaal
59flowertapssupánypiyáuuppey̓
60grass'esemaysa'mallssmalsemeelxweq
61ropechekoot, hellytayyu'árj’ñieelskɨnɨtʼ
62skin
(of a person)
ekwally, kweerr(ny)kw'állkojaanpax
63meat
(as in flesh)
kukwaaypkwak, kekwaayp'imáácjak'amɨn̓
64blood'ehwattxwatt(ny)xwattkujat
65boneaqak(ny)yaakjákse
66fat
(noun)
weshayshays-xil
67egg'ursheyachxma ssu'ápjmá yítltumun
68hornekwaa(ny)kwakwa
69tailheyullsheyullshyullypelsa'teleqʼ
70feather
(rather not down)
lemisssuumí, shawáltajpa aayuqap
71hairhellytaa (head), lemis (body)llytalmissiy unmíšuš; ʼišʰuš (pubic)
72headhellytaallymumkuriy
73earhemallshemallyshmaalsmákaltuʼ
74eyeeyiiwyiiw'iyúyuutɨx
75noseehuuxu'ixúphínoxsh
76mouthaaaa'iyáha'ʼɨk
77tooth
(rather not molar)
eyaaw'iyàwííyaw (kuchipi’)sa
78tongueenepallxenpall, xenpallympallyhá paalʼelew
79fingernailsalyehwuuw(shally) nepuul'isháálly llkaxwáw(sal) jaausixway̓
80footemilymii'imíímiytem̓
81legemilymii'imíímiy ijáʼɨl̓
82kneemehetun(mii) nepuk'imíí ttaakáánymiy pókʼapam̓
83handesallyshally'isháállysalpu
84wingwirewiriiwii'irwír, 'isháállywálu
85bellyetuutu'icú (stomach)pa'
86gutspehaa(ny)pxapmaay guajú
87neckeyepuk, iipukiipukmpuk ("nape")chimi’ jakniʼ
88backhetatxtatllamák, 'imákyikók sí, jkueey
("upper back")
mɨt; nokokʼ (spine)
89breastnyemaaynyemay'imáysmiilkutet
90heartiichih, eyayiichash, yay-'iyááykoti’pʼayapis
91liverchepesiitepsi(ny)cpussúleepéʼal̓
92todrinkwesiisissicheeʼaqmil
93toeatwemaa, wesaawsaawmatmaaʼuw
94tobitechuukuw, weshaachuukawssaachía
95tosuckchepesii, wepissucúk
96tospitchehuttsxttu, sxyall
97tovomitweyuuqyuukyuuqpaš
98toblow
(as wind)
hepesuuy (mouth)xtu (wind), xepsuy (mouth)ciixáy (wind), xpssuu (mouth)ʼax ti-pak, axta-kʰɨt (wind)
99tobreatheyaasyay (n.)yaasskalaš
100tolaughuusayuusay'uussáychiin
101toseeewuuwwiiwwiisaaw (to look)kuti
102tohearyip'ip'ii'íípkueeʼitaq
103toknow
(a fact)
nur, uuyaawuuyaaw'uu'yáá
104tothinkiichaa, wematt, yippaychally-yuumelti paatuaqniwil
105tosmell
(sense odor)
wehwiixwiyuxsh
106tofearmeheyaaymesheyaaymshyaa
107tosleephemaashema, shmaashmasmaaweʼ
108tolivenyewaaypnyewaayk(ny)waywa’yatɨk
109todiemelaymespamsspapí (adj.)aqšan
110tokillaamuuchaamuuch, aaxwaynakeñoo
111tofightmat menyuup, mat wetoonyupnyupeñoopaxi-č
112tohunt
(transitive)
wenyaynyaynyayjkwigu
113tohitchetoo (to punch),
wetoo (with stick)
tu,
aallap (with stick)
sttu (to punch)
114tocutaakattaakattcukáttjkáaw'iwawan
115tosplituuhwaq, wechalltuuchallyttap
116tostab
(or stick)
uushaauusha'uushá
117toscratch
(an itch)
hesak, sehwanshenay, sxwan, shxwallllyqshaq
118todigwehwall'uupún, xwallypul
119toswimaapullxanupnuupaqiwɨwɨn
120toflywemanmanxonowon
121towalkwamp-ampp'awaawnanan̓
122tocomeweyiwyiwyiijaayɨti, elew
123tolie
(as on one's side)
welyakpatt, yakpatt, yakp’páasotoy̓in
124tositwenakwa, nakwajowaaɨlɨkʼɨn
125tostandpehekwii, hetaat (stand up)p'awp'aakuta', nowon
126toturn
(change direction)
apekwiilpakewan, akwaykwany
127tofall
(as in drop)
tuushup (fruit),
wenall (person)
nallpam, nyalyj’paamtol
128togivewiny-inyiijuwee
129tohold
(in one's hand)
weyuuwpkaw, shaawinshawínul̓ish
130tosqueezeuukwisapchittllkwiss
131torubchehwar, penyaa,
tuuhwar
kuxáynim̓uy
132towashallehwas (Spanish)s'ull (hands, dishes);
tuusi, alxwas (clothes)
canúp, ss'uluxmaniwon
133towipechemallychshuksswi
134topullaalul, tepeniiapnickyaw, cxpalyajñaat
135topushcheheriishttus'att, shvuutkulchin
136tothrowwetom, topk (towards),
topm (away)
ktam; uu.utt (away)capcha’ki
137totieaannaktuunakxiraqsik
138tosewpeyuurshuukwilshukwíllyp’jpaab u’
139tocountsaawtetseebo
140tosaywii'i, i; 'a, 'aa (to say to)'ihá maal (to talk)ʼip
141tosing'echweyuuwcheyawsyaaltechaja’yexpech
142toplaysuunaarrmatuunaapl'uy
143tofloatyályál 'i
144toflowwenuwkup
145tofreezeshemetiishuukwirsiimís
146toswellwaarpchkwaskwa
147sun'enyaanya, nyaanyaeñiaayqsi
148moonhellyaaxlly'aja’la’ʼaway̓
149starkwenmesaapkwlyapmsi'ʼaqiwo
150water'ehaaxaxaja''aha'haʼoʼ
151rain'ekwiykwiip'aykwiiytuhuy
152river'ehaa kwenuwxawíllyja’ kos’jiin
153lake'ehaa kwariwxnyuja’ jpí tay
154sea
(as in ocean)
'ehaasillyxas'illy ("salty water")xakwss'íllyjaʼ tay ("big water")sxam̓in
155salt'esilysaal; se'illy (v. "be salty")ss'irkwitip
156stone'ewilywiiwii, xuurujáxɨp
157sandmes-haraayllysh'a
158dust'empillsiipuut (v. "to be dusty")miipúttmaat sa’ mak/piki' (to dust off)
159earth
(as in soil)
'ematmattmattmaatšup
160cloud'ekwiiykwiikwiiʼiqcʼiʼ
161foghaamaamellykwii (v., "mist")ssasmomoy
162sky'emaaymaa(lly)ma’y
163wind
(as in breeze)
kuyaayp, yaaypmatxacxaja’ksaxtakhɨt
164snowaalapaalap (v.)xsak’mtiiy
165iceshemetiichasmissmis
166smoke'uuhuyxyaychuu (v.)tow̓
167fire'aaw'a'áa'aw
168ash'empillkiimáku’pal'ixša
(Ventureño)
169toburn
(intransitive)
aarawllyapllymarixut
170road'uunyaawa'nyawanyáuña’chʼayash
171mountainmatetay, matekunmatt kwatay ("big earth")wiiweeymilimol
172red'ehwattxwatt (v.)xwattkwaltasɨn;
qupe ("poppy")
173greenhepeshiwxepshiw (v.)xpiswmsoowʼaqulapshan
174yellow'ekwaskwas (v.)qwassku’seey
175whitenemeshapnyemshap (v.)xmaallymsaapʼoʼwow
176blacknyillynyilly (v.)nyiillyñleegshoyin
177nighthunn, kuhunnti'nyacnyamtéeysaxiyiʼ, ulkuw
178day
(daytime)
'enyaa, kupillynya, nyaanyaeñiaayqsi; ʼišaw
(Ventureño)
179year'aany (Spanish)mattwam; 'aany (of age)màttkáámmaat
180warm
(as in weather)
'iillyap, pin (v.)piny, llyapmgaaw ("hot")ishaw, yulkla (hot)
181cold
(as in weather)
hechuurshuukatt (v.)xsuurjschiaakaxcʼacʼax, toxom̓
182fullhup, temur, wehaarptem'ur, temur, tepruu (v.)cm'ur
183new'ehay, wehayxanyʼikɨmin
184oldwenuuy'iinyuuy (v.)luulpku'/pa' tay (fem., masc.)ʼequn
185good'ehanxan, 'iixan (v.)xany, miixáánmgaaychho-chhoho
186badwellichllich (v.)xcaqulooyʼaxɨmɨkʼ
187rotten
(as, a log)
weshahshax (v.)shax
188dirtytaketak'iimatt (v.)'iimáttjpillnuyič, ʼuqš-nuy
189straighthalettukxantuk (v.)mírmírkɨyɨmi
(Ventureño)
190roundtepechuurp, 'elul
(small objects)
tux, xyal
(small objects)
191sharp
(as a knife)
werraawtaaráawa
(v. "sharpen")
yaapyaaw yuu jooy
(v. "sharpen")
cʼɨcʼɨ
192dull
(as a knife)
xlqay
193smoothheleqay, rii wiixelkay (v.)qalqáy
194wet'ehar, tehelumk'iixay (v.)xaysoʼoʼoč (v., tr.)
195dry
(adjective)
saays'aay (v.)ss'arsaayaqawan
196right
(correct)
'ehanxantuk (v.)nyayáám ("that's right")
197nearhelyepayxelypay (v.)xrpayyaay kuwaa yíomutey̓
198far'ekurkur (v.)kurmɨk (v.)
199right
(side)
eyewiik, iiwiikkxanykchpeeyp
200left
(side)
kesarkksaarkkssark
201at-i, -ymi-
202in-i, -ymi-
203with
(accompanying)
kuuyum-m-m
204andmay, nyaapumnyapuum ("then")kakááp ("and then")na
205ifnya- ("if, when")ny-, nya-
206becausekenaach
207namechehichfshiimull ("family name")muly
208house'ewaawawauwa’ʼap
209wall
210deer'ekwakkwak xèntilkwakjak píikuyac
211mouse'emekaymekay'awáámákal, tkáan (larger)qolol
212rabbit'epharllye'aaw, kwenyaawxlly'apágukun̓;
maʼ ("jackrabbit")
213eagle'ihpaashpashpati’paayuslow̓
214spiderhellytutt (black widow)llytutxllycucuwi’ ilktut
215faceeyiiwyiiw'iyútɨx
216bodyemaatmaat'imáácʼamɨn̓
217navelmilyepuu('i)yakálmpí
218fingeresally'isháállysalmimi
219sick
(painful)
henooxenu (v.)(kw)rap (sickness)yuxpan
220needlepa'yurshuukwíílly, shwakwííllytjapáp u’
221clothingtehiillytxiilnyu'áálchigoowhaxwiʼ
222thundershuullawshuukirshuukír (v.)
223lightningshuulukshuulukshuulám (v.)ji’ñaamquntʼaw
224above'emaaymaaymmaayna’tiaal
225below'eyaakmattkmaatu, maat múgu
226tocoughuhu'ux'a'úxjojooxoxon
227tobuyuukwii'uukwíípe’ñao yeewi
228tochoosenymsu'úr
229togrowhemiixemiixmiij’wino, tejiip
230toopenuuttaqshuutak'uukúp, cumánkaapʼuč-qʰal
231tostealshuuhuunarwalíshjcheet
232todreamhemachshemapshmaap
233tocrywemiimimijmeemish
234toyawnwaapsxkwaakšašan
235tocookwellyullyllyullynyawíí rartamaaw (kitchen)
236sixhamhuukxmxuukmsígl paaybsi:ntatacpê'tsadilád:íwade ha'mís a:yé'qdibunxad?ipáy-at'elyitishkom̓
237sevenpekaishaxuuk (v.)pxkaajuwakl paaybvi:kaxuwagacpê'kkoinalád:íwade ha'k a:yé'qdiuxmami-tep'yitimasɨx
238eightchepuukshemxuuk (v.)spxuukjmikl paaybmu:kahumugêcpê'kkokodollád:íwade 'cásdi a:yé'qdibulmami-sha-at'élmalawa
239ninenimhamuukxmxmukmsigl tmatpa:yehalêthúianamilkacomlád:íwade had:á:má a:yé'qdidaumima-téte-top'espa
240tenshatuuk, shahukssaaxúúkchipam msígarrapaviwá'avenamilkatekmalús:ixaazhad-tóp'echʼiyaw

Sources

[edit]
  • Dictionary of Mesa Grande Diegueño. Ted Couro and Christina Hutcheson. Banning, California: Malki Museum Press, Inc., 1973.
  • AULEX Spanish-Kiliwa dictionary
  • Crawford, James M. (1989).Cocopa dictionary. University of California publications in linguistics (Vol. 114). Berkeley: University of California Press.→ISBN.
  • Klar, Kathryn Ann. (1977).Topics in Historical Chumash Grammar. Berkeley, CA: University

of California at Berkeley.

  • Miller, Amy. (2001).A Grammar of Jamul Tiipay. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

See also

[edit]

External links

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