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Appendix:Algebraic notation

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Thealgebraic notation is a method forrecording anddescribing themoves in agame ofchess.

Naming the squares

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Algebraic notation

Each square of thechessboard is identified by a unique coordinate pair—a letter and a number.

Letters arefiles (verticalcolumns) froma toh, fromqueenside (white'sleft) tokingside (white'sright).

Numbers areranks (horizontalrows) from1 to8, from white's side of theboard.

  • a1 is the first file, first rank (which is thestarting position for a whitetower)
  • d4 is one of the fourmiddle squares

Naming the pieces

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chess pieces: white King, black Queen, white Bishop; black Rook, black kNight; white pawn

Eachpiece, except thepawn, is identified by anuppercase letter. The pawn is rather identified by theabsence of a letter.

Languages other than English mayemploy different letters.

Notation for moves

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Each move of a piece is indicated by the piece's uppercase letter, plus the coordinate of the destination square.

  • Be5 (move a bishop to e5)
  • Nf3 (move a knight to f3)
  • c5 (move a pawn to c5—no piece letter in the case of pawn moves)

Capture

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If it's acapture, an "x" is inserted immediately before the destination square. When apawn makes the capture, thefile from which the pawndeparted is used toidentify the pawn.

  • Bxe5 (bishop captures the piece on e5)
  • exd5 (pawn on the e-file captures the piece on d5)

In case ofen passant, the destination square is specified (not the square of the captured pawn) and, optionally, the suffixe.p. is added.

  • exd6e.p. (pawn on the e-file goes to square d6, capturingen passant)

Disambiguating moves

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When two or moreidentical pieces can move to the same square, the piece's letter is followed by: the file ofdeparture (if they differ), the rank of departure (if the files are the same but the ranks differ) or both the file and the rank (if neither alone is sufficient to identify the piece—which occurs only in rare cases where one or more pawns have promoted, resulting in a player having three or more identical pieces able to reach the same square).

  • Ngf3 orNdf3 (for example, with knights on g1 and d2, either of which might move to f3, the move is specified asNgf3 orNdf3, as appropriate)

Promotion

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When a pawn moves to the last rank andpromotes, the piece promoted to is indicated at the end of the move notation. Sometimes. an equals sign (=) or parentheses are used.

  • e8Q,e8=Q ore8(Q) (pawn promotion toqueen)

Castling

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Castling is either0-0 (forkingside castling) or0-0-0 (queenside castling).

While the FIDE Handbook, appendix C.13 uses the digit zero (0-0 and0-0-0), PGN requires the uppercase letter O (O-O andO-O-O).

Check and checkmate

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Usually, these symbols identifycheck andcheckmate:

  • + – check
  • # – checkmate

Sometimes, these others are seen:

  • a dagger (†) – check
  • a double dagger (‡) – checkmate
  • the abbreviation "ch" – check
  • dlb ch – double check
  • the wordmate – checkmate

End of game

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These notes at the completion of moves indicates who won:

  • 1–0 – white won
  • 0–1 – Black won
  • ½–½ – a draw

Series of moves

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A game or series of moves is generally written in one of two ways.

abcdefgh
8{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black rook8
7{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn7
6{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black knight6
5{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} black pawn5
4{{{square}}} white pawn4
3{{{square}}} white knight3
2{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn2
1{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} white queen{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} white rook1
abcdefgh
Position after 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6
  • In two columns, as White/Black pairs, preceded by the move number and a period:
    1. e4 e5
    2. Nf3 Nc6
    3. Bb5 a6
  • As horizontal text:
    1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6

Moves may be interspersed with commentary (annotations). When thescore resumes with a Black move, anellipsis (...) fills the position of the White move, for example:

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3
White attacks the black e-pawn.
2... Nc6
Black defends and develops simultaneously.
3. Bb5
White plays theRuy Lopez.
3... a6
Black electsMorphy's Defence.

Annotation symbols

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Though not technically a part of algebraic notation, the following are some common symbols frequently used by annotators to give evaluative comment on a move:

  • ! (a particularly good—and usually surprising—move)
  • !! (an excellent move)
  • ? (a bad move)
  • ?? (ablunder)
  • !? (an interesting move that may not be best)
  • ?! (a dubious move – one which may turn out to be bad)

Variations

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Some variations apply, such as using acolon in place ofx to identify acapture (B:e5 rather thanBxe5), or using symbols in place of uppercase letters (♞c6 rather thanNc6).

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