FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*iu, fromProto-Austronesian*iSu.
-yo (pronoun-forming suffix)
| Person | Number | Absolutive | Ergative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disjunctive | Enclitic | Enclitic3 | bági form | kukua form | |||
| First | singular | siak | -ak | -ko,-k | kaniak | bagik | kukuak,kuak |
| dual | data,sita1 | -ta | kaniata,kadata | bagita | kukuata | ||
| plural inclusive | datayo,sitayo1 | -tayo,-tay | kaniatayo,kadatayo | bagitayo | kukuatayo | ||
| plural exclusive | dakami,sikami1 | -kami,-kam | -mi | kaniami,kadakami | bagimi | kukuami | |
| Second | singular | sika | -ka | -mo,-m | kaniam,kenka | bagim | kukuam |
| plural | dakayo,sikayo1 | -kayo,-kay | -yo | kaniayo,kadakayo | bagiyo | kukuayo | |
| Third | singular | isu,isuna | Ø2 | -na | kaniana,kenkuana | bagina | kukuana |
| plural | isuda | -da | kaniada,kadakuada | bagida | kukuada | ||
| Actor | Patient | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| siak | data | datayo | dakami | sika | dakayo | isu5 | isuda | |
| siak | bagik4 | — | — | — | -ka | -kayo | -ko,-k | -koida,-kida |
| data | — | bagita4 | — | — | — | — | -ta | -taida |
| datayo | — | — | bagitayo4 | — | — | — | -tayo | -tayoida |
| dakami | — | — | — | bagimi4 | -daka | -dakayo | -mi | -miida |
| sika | -nak | — | — | -nakami | bagim4 | — | -mo,-m | -moida,-mida |
| dakayo | -dak | -data | — | -dakami | — | bagiyo4 | -yo | -yoida |
| isu | -nak | -nata | -natayo | -nakami | -naka | -nakayo | bagina4,-na | -naida |
| isuda | -dak | -data | -datayo | -dakami | -daka | -dakayo | -da | bagida4,-daida |
-yo
-yo
| class | subject concord | object concord | relative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| affirmative | negative | |||
| m(I) | a-,yu- | ha-,hayu- | -m-,-mw-,-mu- | -ye |
| wa(II) | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | -o |
| m(III) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
| mi(IV) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
| ji(V) | li- | hali- | -li- | -lo |
| ma(VI) | ya- | haya- | -ya- | -yo |
| ki(VII) | ki- | haki- | -ki- | -cho |
| vi(VIII) | vi- | havi- | -vi- | -vyo |
| n(IX) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
| n(X) | zi- | hazi- | -zi- | -zo |
| u(XI) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
| ku(XV/XVII) | ku- | haku- | -ku- | -ko |
| pa(XVI) | pa- | hapa- | -pa- | -po |
| mu(XVIII) | m-,mw-,mu- | ham-,hamw-,hamu- | -mu- | -mo |
For a full table including first and second person,
seeAppendix:Swahili personal pronouns