FromProto-Finnic*-bi, weak grade of*-pi, derived fromProto-Finnic*-pa(participle ending). CompareEstonian-b.
-vi
- An archaic/poetic variant of the standard third-person present.
1849,Elias Lönnrot, “Pream”, inJohn Martin Crawford, transl.,Kalevala[1]:Mieleni minuntekevi, aivoniajattelevi, lähteäni laulamahan, saa’ani sanelemahan, sukuvirttä suoltamahan, lajivirttä laulamahan.- Mastered by desire impulsive, by a mighty inward urging, I am ready now for singing, ready to begin the chanting.
In modern Finnish, the singular third-person present is formed by lengthening the final stem vowel (see-V).
FromProto-Gbe*-ví(literally“child”),[1] in turn yieldingGunòví(“child”). Cognates includeFon-ví,Saxwe Gbe-ví,Adja-vi,Ewe-vi
-ví
- Forms adiminutive noun.
- àvún(“dog”) →àvúnví(“puppy”, literally“little dog”)
- àlɔ̀(“hand”) →àlɔ̀ví(“finger”, literally“little hand”)
- kòkló(“chicken”) →kòklóví(“chick”, literally“little chicken”)
- Used to form nouns describing the origin of aperson orgroup of a certainethnic group ornationality.
- Synonyms:-tɔ́,-tọ́,-nù
- tò(“country”) →tòví(“citizen”, literally“child of the country”)
- Benɛ́tò(“the country of Benin”) →Benɛ́tòví(“Beninese citizen”, literally“child of Benin”)
- ^Capo, Hounkpati B.C. (1991),A Comparative Phonology of Gbe (Publications in African Languages and Linguistics;14), Berlin/New York; Garome, Benin: Foris Publications & Labo Gbe (Int), page213
-vi
- (enclitic)alternative form ofvi
- dare(“to give”) →darvi(“to give yourselves; to give you; to give for you”)
- vendere(“to sell”) →vendervi(“to sell yourselves; to sell you; to sell to you”)
- servire(“to serve”) →servirvi(“to serve yourselves; to serve you; to serve to you”)
- Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative and dative forms when the object is second plural person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :
- -are →-arvi
- -ere →-ervi
- -ire →-irvi
Where the verb ends in-rre, the finalre is removed, leaving behind just an-r:
- introdurre(“to introduce”) →introdurvi(“to introduce yourselves; to introduce you; to insert in you”)
In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a singler and no vowels immediately before-vi.
-vī
- inflection of-vus:
- nominative/vocativemasculineplural
- genitivemasculine/neutersingular
-vi
- enclitic form ofvi(“here;there”)
-vi
- enclitic form ofvi
- you(plural)
- for/toyou(plural)
- it, to it
- When appended to words stressed on the final syllable, it becomes-vvi.
- assé(“to be”) + -vi → assevvi(“there be”)
