-na

1. (Mid-Ulster)-n't
   • 1892, William Carleton,Amusing Irish Tales:

     Balgruntie wasna that—

2. (slang, on a verb)-ingto (with infinitive); indicates thegrammaticalpresentcontinuousactive mood

   I'mtryna (trying to) figure this one out.

• A/N,An,an',-an,an,AN,an-,a(n)

Related tounë(“I”) and maybe further tone(“we”).

• (Gheg)IPA^(key): /na/

-na

1. Gheg form of-em,themediopassivefirst-personsingularindicativepresent ending.

   bëhem /bâhna(“to become, turn into”)

   zbehem /zbehna(“to turn pale”)

2. Gheg form of-mi,theactivefirst-personpluralindicativepresent ending.

   (ne) kena shumë punë për me bo.

   we have much work to do

-na

1. possessive marker

-na

1. third person plural patient marker

• Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo,Agreement in two Arawak languages, inThe Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008,→ISBN), page 398

Inherited fromOld Czech-na, fromProto-Slavic*-ьnъ.

• IPA^(key): [ na]

-na f (noun-forming suffix)

1. from nouns forms nouns referring to places

   ‎prodej + ‎-na → ‎prodejna

• -na inSlovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

-na

1. Forms theessive case.

• The suffix is appended to thegenitive stem or an appropriate plural stem.

FromProto-Finnic*-na, from theProto-Uralic locative case ending*-na.

-na (front vowel harmony variant-nä,linguistic notation-nA)

1. Forms theessive case.

   eräänäkauniina aamuna ―on abeautiful morning

   Ennen pidit minuakauniina.

   You used to think I wasbeautiful.

• The suffix is appended to the same stem as theillative suffixes, and also thepartitive singular often uses the same stem.
• Seethe appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the essive case is used.

FromProto-Finnic*-na, fromProto-Finno-Ugric*-na.

-na (front vowel harmony variant-nä,linguistic notation-nA)

1. Forms action nouns from certain verbs, mainly related to sound, whose first infinitive ends in-sta.

   ‎kutista(“to itch”) + ‎-na → ‎kutina(“itching”)

2. Forms some diminutive nouns.

• -ina(reanalyzed into its own suffix)

• -an

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

-na

1. (inflectional suffix)forms thedative case
2. reason

   Maina na·a rel gariko sraprikjaha?

   For whatreason did you not catch the train?

• -ni(“forms genitive”)
• -ko(“forms accusative”)
• -chi(“forms instrumental”)
• -no(“forms locative”)

• IPA^(key): /na/

-na

1. a locative suffix

   ‎hama(3rd person masculine singular proximal pronoun) + ‎-na → ‎hamana(“here”)

   ‎bee(3rd person feminine plural given pronoun) + ‎-na → ‎beena(“there”)

   ‎himiggê(3rd person masculine singular invisible pronoun) + ‎-na → ‎himiggêna(“in/behind there”)

• -kana

FromProto-Polynesian*-ŋa.

• IPA^(key): /na/,[nə]

-na

1. Common nominalizing suffix, sometimes with shortening of a long vowel in the base.

   ‎ʻai(“to eat”) + ‎-na → ‎ʻaina(“meal”)

   ‎piʻi(“to climb”) + ‎-na → ‎piʻina(“ascent”)

• IPA^(key): [nɒ]

-na

1. (conditional suffix)Forms the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).

   ‎olvas(“to read”) + ‎-na → ‎olvasna(“he/she would read”)

• (conditional suffix) Variants:

  -na is added to most back vowel verbs

  ‎vár(“to wait”) + ‎-na → ‎várna(“he/she would wait”)

  -ne is added to most front vowel verbs

  ‎kér(“to ask”) + ‎-ne → ‎kérne(“he/she would ask”)

  -ana is added to back vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel +t (exceptions:áll,száll,varr,forr,lát)

  ‎mond(“to say something”) + ‎-ana → ‎mondana(“he/she would say something”)

  ‎tanít(“to teach”) + ‎-ana → ‎tanítana(“he/she would teach”)

  -ene is added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel +t

  ‎fest(“to paint”) + ‎-ene → ‎festene(“he/she would paint”)

  ‎segít(“to help”) + ‎-ene → ‎segítene(“he/she would help”)

• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*ni-a, fromProto-Austronesian*ni-a.

• IPA^(key): /na/

-na (pronoun-forming suffix)

1. Third-person singular ergative enclitic pronoun;he,she,it

   Kayatna ti mangan. ―He/she/it wants to eat.

2. Third-person singular possessive marker;his,her,its

   Naimas ti makanna. ―His/her/its food is delicious.

3. Fossilized enclitic of some adverbials or auxiliary verbs

   Rebbengna nga addaka ditoy. ―You should be here.

   Kasla nga awan inggana ti utangna. ―His/her debt seems to be endless.

4. Referential pronoun used in existential or relative clauses; the(adjective) (ones), those who, theones who

   Tulongantayo dagiti awan balayna. ―Let's help the homeless. (Let's helpthose who do not have homes.)

   Naupay uray dagiti napigsa ti pakinakemna. ―Eventhe strong-willed (ones) became disheartened.

FromProto-Finnic*-na. Cognates includeFinnish-na.

• (Ala-Laukaa)IPA^(key): /-nɑ/,[-nɑ]
• (Soikkola)IPA^(key): /-nɑ/,[-nɑ]

-na (front vowel variant-nä)

1. Used to formplace names.
2. Used to formaction nouns from certain verbs related to sounds:-ing
3. Used to form nouns that resembles a smaller version of the suffixed noun:-y

• IPA^(key): /n̪ˠə/,/nˠə/

-na

1. alternative form of-ne(used after velarized consonants and back vowels)

-na

1. Rōmaji transcription ofな

-na

1. third person singulargenitiveenclitic

-na

1. third person singular subjectenclitic
2. third person singular possessiveenclitic

-na

1. Latin spelling of-ნა(-na)

FromProto-Athabaskan*-neˑ, seen in the noun*dəneˑ(“person”). CompareAhtna-ne.

• IPA^(key): /næ/

-na

1. person,people; theones who
2. Forms numerals referring to plural people

• -i
• -enh

• Kari, Jameset al. (2024), Kari, James, editor,Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center,→ISBN, page300

FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*nia, fromProto-Austronesian*nia. CompareIndonesian-nya, which also has similar function.

• IPA^(key): /na/

-na

1. the (definite article)
2. his,her,its (third-person possessive)
3. 's (pertensive)

   bukunaSiti

   Siti's book (lit. "Siti his book")

• When suffixed to consonant-final words, it is then assimilated to that consonant.
  • labâng(“door”) →labângnga
• When suffixed to word ending in unvoiced stops (p,t,k), the assimilated consonants either become aspirated (bbh,ddh,ggh) or being retained by some speakers (pp,tt,kk). As a rule,-a following voiced consonants become-â.
  • kothak(“box”) →kothagghâ,kothakka

• Davies, W. D. (2010),A Grammar of Madurese‎^[1], Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton

• -nna

FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*nia, fromProto-Austronesian*nia.

• IPA^(key): [na]

-na (possessive suffix,Lontara spellingᨊ)

1. his,her,its,their (third person singular and plural)

FromArabicـنَا(-nā).

• IPA^(key): /na/

-na m orf

2. 1st-person plural pronominal suffix:our;us

   Synonym:(only in possessive use)tagħna

   ‎jinsa(“he forgets”) + ‎-na → ‎jinsiena(“he forgets us”)

   ‎dar(“home”) + ‎-na → ‎darna(“our home”)

-na

1. Used in contractions with particles of possession of third person pronouns.
2. apassive ending

-na

1. Nominalizes verbs and adjectives.

This suffix attaches to the stem II form of a verb or adjective if it is distinct from the stem I form.

• IPA^(key): [-na]

Cognates includeMinica Huitoto-na andNüpode Huitoto-na.

-na

1. Classifier for trees.

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

-na

1. Marker for theaccusative case.

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

-na

1. alternative form of-a

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

-na

1. hypotheticalconditional of-de

• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017),A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[2], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), pages197, 134

-na (accusative case suffix)

2. Forms theaccusative case for words containing at least onedominant vowel.

• IPA^(key): /nɑ/

-na

1. imperativesingular of-nian

FromProto-Germanic*-inōną.

-na

1. used to forminchoative verbs from adjectives or strong verbs

FromProto-Germanic*-anǫ̂ and*-ōnǫ̂, genitive plural endings of weak neuter and feminine nouns.

-na

1. used to form thegenitiveplural of some weak feminine and neuter nouns

   hjarta →hjartna

   saga →sagna

• Icelandic:-na
• Old Swedish:-na

-na

1. inflection of-inn(adjective suffix):
   1. positive degreestrongfeminineaccusativesingular
   2. positive degreestrongmasculineaccusativeplural
   3. positive degreeweakmasculineobliquesingular
   4. positive degreeweakfemininenominativesingular
   5. positive degreeweakneutersingular
2. inflection of-inn(participle suffix):
   1. strongfeminineaccusativesingular
   2. strongmasculineaccusativeplural
   3. weakmasculineobliquesingular
   4. weakfemininenominativesingular
   5. weakneutersingular
3. inflection of-inn(definite article suffix):
   1. feminineaccusativesingular
   2. masculineaccusativeplural

Derived fromProto-Slavic*-ьnъ.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE)/naː/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE)/nɒ/

-na f

1. forms feminine adjective-like nouns

Inherited fromOld Polish-na.

• IPA^(key): /na/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-a
• Syllabification:-na
• Homophone:na

-na f

1. forms feminine adjective-like nouns-ess

   Synonym:-ka

   ‎arcyksiążę + ‎-na → ‎arcyksiężna

2. forms feminine adjective-like nouns meaning "wife of"

   Synonym:-owa

   ‎arcyksiążę + ‎-na → ‎arcyksiężna

Not to be confused with-ña

-na

1. Nominalizer, future perfect participle.

   ‎llamk'ay(“to work”) + ‎-na → ‎llamk'ana(“work to be done; tool”)

   ‎mikhuy(“to eat”) + ‎-na → ‎mikhuna(“food, meal”)

• -spa
• -sqa

• -nae

• IPA^(key): /-nə/,/-nɪ/

-na

1. -n't

   didna ("did not")

   canna ("can not")

   daurna ("dare not")

   michtna ("might not")

• -Na —honorific
• -ana
• -nana

Ultimately fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*ni-a. CompareIndonesian-nya

-na (Sundanese script-ᮔ)

1. Possessive third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun

   indungna ―his mother

2. (by extension)
   1. (in some contexts and positions only)Used to mark definiteness.

      jalanna beresih ―the road is clean (literally, “its road (is) clean”)

   2. Used to markpossessive, especially in some context where it needs to be clear.

      bukuna Nénéng ―Neneng's book (literally, “bookof Neneng”)

   3. Uses to nominalize an adjective.

      paéhna sato ―the deathof an animal (paéh means 'dead')

   4. (sometimes colloquial in some contexts)Uses to nominalize an active verb.

      tong asa-asa daharna ―don't hesitate to eat it.

• "NA", inCoolsma, S (1913),Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden:A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij

From the plural ofOld Norsehinn (demonstrative pronoun), suffixed to the end of the noun stem. Usually corresponds toDanish,Norwegian Bokmål andNorwegian Nynorsk-ne.

• -a(used for fourth-declension nouns)
• -en(used for fifth-declension nouns not ending in -are)
• -ne(archaic, masculine)

-na

1. Marker of definiteness on nouns in the plural (except for nouns of the fourth and some of the fifth declension).

   ‎stolar(“chairs”) + ‎-na → ‎stolarna(“the chairs”)

   ‎lärare(“teachers”) + ‎-na → ‎lärarna(“the teachers”)

• In earlier Swedish, the suffix-na was only used for feminine nouns, while-ne was used for masculine nouns, thus "stenarne" (definite ofstenar) and "kvinnorna" (definite ofkvinnor) were used alongside each other. In attempts to try to produce archaic language, the suffix is sometimes changed to-ne in all positions, producing historically incorrect forms like "kvinnorne".

FromOld Norse-na, fromProto-Germanic*-naną.

-na

1. -en;Used with some adjectives or verbal stems to forminchoative verbs

   ‎trött(“tired”) + ‎-na → ‎tröttna(“to tiren, become tired”)

Inchoative verb

The suffix -na may be analysed as two morphemes (-n (inchoative verb stem) + -a (infinitive)). Traditionally the a's near the ends of the Swedish first declension verb forms have been regarded as part of the suffixes, but nowadays it is more common to see it described as part of the stems of these verbs, since all endings not beginning with ana are extinct or considered heavily archaic.

• -an,an,an-

-na

1. Singular numberinflection. (See also:-ną,-nemą,-ne.)

FromProto-Oceanic*-ña, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*-nia, fromProto-Austronesian*-nia.

• IPA^(key): /na/

-na

1. A third-person singular possessive suffix.

• Terry Crowley et al,The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365

-na

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

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