-mi (Buginese formᨆᨗ)

1. only

   tellumi panésaï

   there are only three things that determine it

-mi

1. Clitic form ofme(“me”)

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021),Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published2022,→ISBN, page197

-mi(enclitic)

1. but,however,yet,indeed,what about,yes

   uanga(“I, me”) ->uangami(“what about me?”)

   immaqa(“perhaps”) ->immaqami(“yes, maybe”)

-mi

1. marks the locative case, equivalent to Englishin,at

   ‎illu(“house”) + ‎-mi → ‎illumi(“in the house”)

-mi

1. diminutive suffix.
2. mildimperative suffix.

FromProto-Austronesian*kami, from*ami.

• IPA^(key): /mi/

-mi (pronoun-forming suffix)

1. First-person plural exclusive ergative enclitic pronoun;we (notyou)

   Dinalusanmi ti kuarto. ―We cleaned the room.

2. First-person plural exclusive possessive marker;our (exclusive)

   Adayo pay ti balaymi. ―Our house is still far.

-mi

1. (enclitic)alternative form ofmi

   dare(“to give”) →darmi(“to give myself; to give me; to give to me”)

   vendere(“to sell”) →vendermi(“to sell myself; to sell me; to sell to me”)

   servire(“to serve”) →servirmi(“to serve myself; to serve me; to serve to me”)

• Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative or dative forms when the object is first singular person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :

-are →-armi

-ere →-ermi

-ire →-irmi

Where the verb ends in-rre, the finalre is removed, leaving behind just an-r:

introdurre(“to introduce”) →introdurmi(“to introduce myself; to introduce me; to insert in me”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a singler and no vowels immediately before-mi.

• im-

-mi

1. Rōmaji transcription ofみ

-mi

1. second person pluralgenitiveenclitic

-mi

1. second person plural subjectenclitic
2. second person plural possessiveenclitic

Portmanteau of-mo +-i

-mi (Lontara spellingᨆᨗ)(enclitic)

1. perfective aspect marker withthird person absolutive pronoun

   Tinromi i Baso. ―Baso is already asleep.

• (after vowels)-m

-mi

1. Evidential suffix, first-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has direct evidence/knowledge of some fact, having experienced it, seen it, heard it, etc.

   Paykunawanmikachkani.

   I amwith them.

   Kuchinillaqachiwanwayukhuyuqmi.

   Thecochineal insect is deep redon the inside.

2. Used to mark anopen-endedquestion; moreinformal than-taq

   Piwanmirichkanki?

   Who are you goingwith?

• -s/-si

-mi

1. enclitic form ofmi;appended topolysyllabic second-person singular imperative forms

   ciama(“call!”) →ciàmami(“call me!”)

From a shortening ofProto-Oceanic*-mami, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*-mami, fromProto-Austronesian*-ami.

• IPA^(key): /mi/

-mi

1. A first-person plural exclusive possessive suffix.

• Terry Crowley et al,The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365

-mi

1. non-past marker, applied to verbs of class 1 to indicate non-past tense

• Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne,Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, inVerb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)

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