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-li-

Malagasy

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "li"

English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɪ/

Infix

-li-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix-lim-, used before the affixes-xi- and-zu- for ease of pronunciation

Derived terms

English terms interfixed with -li-

Anagrams

I'l,IL,il-

Swahili

Etymology 1

From-li, a stem of-wa(“to be”).^[1]

Infix

-li-

positive past tense marker
Antonym:-ku-
walikula ―they ate
aliyelala ―the person whowas asleep
- 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla,Duniani kuna watu, page 3:
  Ilikuwa kiasi cha saa moja-unusu ya usiku Kasim alipopanda ngazi pana zilizotandikwa zulia au blanketi nene, zilizoongoza kufikia ghorofa akaayo baba yake, Bw. Hakimu Marjani.
  It was about half past seven in the night when Kasim went up the wide stairs covered with carpets or thick blankets, which led to the floor where resided his father, Mr Hakimu Marjani.

Usage notes

This marker can be used in both nonrelative and relative verbs.

Conjugation

**Conjugation of-li-**
		singular	plural
1st person		nili-	tuli-
2nd person		uli-	mli-
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	ali-	wali-
	m-mi_(III/IV)	uli-	ili-
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	lili-	yali-
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	kili-	vili-
	n_(IX/X)	ili-	zili-
	u_(XI)	uli-	seen_(X) orma_(VI)
	ku_(XV/XVII)	kuli-
	pa_(XVI)	pali-
	mu_(XVIII)	mli-

For more information, seeAppendix:Swahili verbs.

See also

Swahili TAM markers

Initial
- Positive infinitive:ku-/kw-¹
- Negative infinitive:kuto-
- Habitual:hu-¹
- Telegrammic:ka-¹
Final
- General (positive indicative):-a
- Positive subjunctive:-e
- Negative present:-i
- Second person plural:-ni
Infix position positive subject concord
- Positive past:-li-
- Positive present:-na-
- Positive future:-ta-
- Negative subjunctive:-si-¹
- Positive present conditional:-nge-
- Negative present conditional:-singe-
- Positive past conditional:-ngali-
- Negative past conditional:-singali-
- Gnomic:-a-¹
- Perfect:-me-
- "Already" past:-lisha-
- "Already" present:-mesha-/-sha-
- "If/When":-ki-¹
- "If not":-sipo-
- Consecutive:-ka-¹
Infix position negative subject concord
- Negative past:-ku-¹
- Negative future:-ta-
- "Not yet":-ja-¹
- Negative present conditional:-nge-
- Negative past conditional:-ngali-
Relative
- Past:-li-
- Present:-na-
- Future:-taka-
- Negative:-si-

¹ Can take stress and therefore does not require-ku-/-kw- in monosyllabic verbs.

Etymology 2

FromProto-Bantu*dɪ́-.

Infix

-li-

it,ji class_(V) object concord

See also

**Swahili verbal concords (third person)**
class	subject concord		object concord	relative
class	affirmative	negative	object concord	relative
m_(I)	a-,yu-	ha-,hayu-	-m-,-mw-,-mu-	-ye
wa_(II)	wa-	hawa-	-wa-	-o
m_(III)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
mi_(IV)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
ji_(V)	li-	hali-	-li-	-lo
ma_(VI)	ya-	haya-	-ya-	-yo
ki_(VII)	ki-	haki-	-ki-	-cho
vi_(VIII)	vi-	havi-	-vi-	-vyo
n_(IX)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
n_(X)	zi-	hazi-	-zi-	-zo
u_(XI)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
ku_(XV/XVII)	ku-	haku-	-ku-	-ko
pa_(XVI)	pa-	hapa-	-pa-	-po
mu_(XVIII)	m-,mw-,mu-	ham-,hamw-,hamu-	-mu-	-mo

For a full table including first and second person,
seeAppendix:Swahili personal pronouns

References

^John H. McWhorter (1992), “NI and the Copula System in Swahili: A Diachronic Approach”, inDiachronica, volume 9, number 1,→DOI, pages15–46

Yao

Etymology

Cognate withChichewa-dzi-,Tumbuka-ji-,Tonga (Malawi)-ji- andSwahili-ji-.

Infix

-li-

oneself,-self

Derived terms

Yao terms interfixed with -li-

References

Alexander Hetherwick,A Handbook of the Yao Language, 1902 - page 184

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