preceding vowel a / ı / o / u e / ə / i̇ / ö / ü -la -lə
-la
Form of-lə See-lə
-ela ( in certain environments, see usage notes ) -la
that Erantzuna dakizula uste dut. ―I thinkthat you know the answer. while ,as Menditik nenbilela istripu bat izan nuen. ―I had an accidentwhile hiking on the mountains. The form taken by this clitic depends on the ending of the verbal form to which it is attached.
In verb forms ending with-ke , the result is-keela naitekela are nonstandard but widespread.naiteke ( “ I can ” ) + -la → naitekeela ( “ that I can ” ) . In verb forms ending with-n (excluding second-person singular informal feminine forms, see below), the-n is removed.nintzen ( “ I was ” ) + -la → nintzela ( “ that I was ” ) . In verb forms ending with-t , the result is-dala .dakit ( “ I know it ” ) + -la → dakidala ( “ that I know it ” ) . In second-person singular informal forms, the endings in-k or-n become-ala and-nala respectively.duk ( “ you (masculine) have it ” ) + -la → duala ( “ that you (masculine) have it ” ) .dun ( “ you (feminine) have it ” ) + -la → dunala ( “ that you (feminine) have it ” ) . In verb forms ending in-u where the ending is not related to the-gu ,-zu person markers, the result is-uela .ditu ( “ he has them ” ) + -la → dituela ( “ that he has them ” ) . In auxiliary forms ending in-a the ending becomes-ela .dira ( “ they are ” ) + -la → direla ( “ that they are ” ) . All other forms ending in a vowel take the suffix-la and those ending in-z the variant-ela .naiz ( “ I am ” ) + -la → naizela ( “ that I am ” ) .zarete ( “ you are ” ) + -la → zaretela ( “ that you are ” ) .dakartza ( “ he carries them ” ) + -la → dakartzala ( “ that he carries them ” ) . Unknown, perhaps related to the allative suffix-ra [ 1]
-la
Used to form adverbs from interrogative and demonstrative pronouns/determiners. nor ( “ who? ” ) + -la → nola ( “ how? ” ) FromProto-Finnic *-la Finnish -la
-la (genitive -la partitive -lat
Forms nouns that signify a place. haige ( “ sick ” ) + -la → haigla ( “ hospital ” ) kana ( “ chicken ” ) + -la → kanala ( “ chicken coop ” ) FromProto-Finnic *-la Proto-Finno-Ugric [Term?] . Cognate withEstonian -la
-la (front vowel harmony variant -lä linguistic notation -lA )
Forms nouns that signify a place, such as anabode , a house, a land of, etc. Often denotes afarm in many place names. Kaleva -la → Kalevala ( “ the land of Kaleva ” ) kana ( “ hen ” ) + -la → kanala ( “ henhouse ” ) ravinto ( “ nourishment ” ) + -la → ravintola ( “ restaurant ” ) Jussi -la → Jussila ( “ the farm of Jussi ” ) Forms some nouns or adjectives, originally with a diminutive meaning. About 12% of Finns have a surname ending in-la /-lä , transferred from names of farms and small villages (oikonyms ,talonnimi Inflection of-la (Kotus type 12/kulkija nominative -la -lat genitive -lan -loiden -loitten partitive -laa -loita illative -laan -loihin singular plural nominative -la -lat accusative nom. -la -lat gen. -lan genitive -lan -loiden -loitten -lain rare partitive -laa -loita inessive -lassa -loissa elative -lasta -loista illative -laan -loihin adessive -lalla -loilla ablative -lalta -loilta allative -lalle -loille essive -lana -loina translative -laksi -loiksi abessive -latta -loitta instructive — -loin comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of-la (Kotus type 12/kulkija first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -lani -lani accusative nom. -lani -lani gen. -lani genitive -lani -loideni -loitteni -laini rare partitive -laani -loitani inessive -lassani -loissani elative -lastani -loistani illative -laani -loihini adessive -lallani -loillani ablative -laltani -loiltani allative -lalleni -loilleni essive -lanani -loinani translative -lakseni -loikseni abessive -lattani -loittani instructive — — comitative — -loineni
second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -lasi -lasi accusative nom. -lasi -lasi gen. -lasi genitive -lasi -loidesi -loittesi -laisi rare partitive -laasi -loitasi inessive -lassasi -loissasi elative -lastasi -loistasi illative -laasi -loihisi adessive -lallasi -loillasi ablative -laltasi -loiltasi allative -lallesi -loillesi essive -lanasi -loinasi translative -laksesi -loiksesi abessive -lattasi -loittasi instructive — — comitative — -loinesi
first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -lamme -lamme accusative nom. -lamme -lamme gen. -lamme genitive -lamme -loidemme -loittemme -laimme rare partitive -laamme -loitamme inessive -lassamme -loissamme elative -lastamme -loistamme illative -laamme -loihimme adessive -lallamme -loillamme ablative -laltamme -loiltamme allative -lallemme -loillemme essive -lanamme -loinamme translative -laksemme -loiksemme abessive -lattamme -loittamme instructive — — comitative — -loinemme
second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -lanne -lanne accusative nom. -lanne -lanne gen. -lanne genitive -lanne -loidenne -loittenne -lainne rare partitive -laanne -loitanne inessive -lassanne -loissanne elative -lastanne -loistanne illative -laanne -loihinne adessive -lallanne -loillanne ablative -laltanne -loiltanne allative -lallenne -loillenne essive -lananne -loinanne translative -laksenne -loiksenne abessive -lattanne -loittanne instructive — — comitative — -loinenne
third-person possessor singular plural nominative -lansa -lansa accusative nom. -lansa -lansa gen. -lansa genitive -lansa -loidensa -loittensa -lainsa rare partitive -laansa -loitaan -loitansa inessive -lassaan -lassansa -loissaan -loissansa elative -lastaan -lastansa -loistaan -loistansa illative -laansa -loihinsa adessive -lallaan -lallansa -loillaan -loillansa ablative -laltaan -laltansa -loiltaan -loiltansa allative -lalleen -lallensa -loilleen -loillensa essive -lanaan -lanansa -loinaan -loinansa translative -lakseen -laksensa -loikseen -loiksensa abessive -lattaan -lattansa -loittaan -loittansa instructive — — comitative — -loineen -loinensa
FromProto-Finnic *-la Finnish -la Estonian -la
-la (front vowel variant -lä
Used to form place names. ( name ) Soikko + -la → Soikkola Used to form nouns signifying a place. seppo ( “ smith ” ) + -la → seppola ( “ house of a smith ” ) A. V. Krjukov (2018 ), “К этимологии топонима Сойкино/Soikkola ”, inПритяжение Севера: язык, литература, социум. Ч. 1: материалы I Международной научно-практической конференции 531-542 -la
( enclitic ) alternative form ofla dare ( “ to give ” ) →darla ( “ to give her ” ) vendere ( “ to sell ” ) →venderla ( “ to sell her ” ) servire ( “ to serve ” ) →servirla ( “ to serve her ” ) Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive accusative forms when the object is third singular feminine person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed : -are -arla -ere -erla -ire -irla Where the verb ends in-rre , the finalre is removed, leaving behind just an-r :
introdurre ( “ to introduce ” ) →introdurla ( “ to introduce her ” ) In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a singler and no vowels immediately before-la .
preceding vowel a / i / o / u e / ə / i̇ / ö / ü -la -lə
-la
Form of-lə -la
diminutive modifier modifier to denote affection modifier to denote 'only' or 'just about' no pages or subcategories
-la
inflection of-lus nominative / vocative feminine singular nominative / accusative / vocative neuter plural -lā
ablative feminine singular of-lus -la
Used to form verbs with aperfective meaningdoari ( “ to be finished ” ) + -la → doarila ( “ to have finished ” ) mwehlehl ( “ to be dizzy ” ) + -la → mwehlehlla ( “ to be unconcious ” ) -la
imperative singular of-lian FromProto-Germanic *-lōną
-la
frequentative verbal suffix no pages or subcategories
FromProto-Germanic *-ilǭ ( diminutive suffix ) .
-la f strong masculine -ill
forms diminutive nouns mey -la → meyla -la
inflection of-ill ( agent noun ) indefinite accusative plural indefinite genitive plural inflection of-ill ( diminutive noun ) indefinite accusative plural indefinite genitive plural inflection of-ull ( diminutive noun ) indefinite accusative plural indefinite genitive plural inflection of-ull ( deverbative adjective ) positive degree strong feminine accusative singular positive degree strong feminine accusative masculine positive degree weak masculine oblique singular positive degree weak feminine nominative singular positive degree weak neuter singular -la (first person plural nominative ,bound form of nganaṉa
we (3 or more people)Bound pronouns can be used instead of the regular "long form" pronouns. They act asclitics ka munu
Pitjantjatjara personal pronouns (nominative case) singular dual plural first person ngayulu -ṉa ngali -li nganaṉa -la second person nyuntu -n nyupali nyura third person paluṟu pula tjana -ya
-la
at ,on ,in ,near ,with , etc. forproper nouns that end with a vowel. The equivalent of-ngka , and-ta .an ending that you use before-kutu and-nguru with proper nouns. This preposition is added to the end of the proper noun. Sometimes a helper vowel can be added before-la to make it end with a vowel.-ta should be used instead if the word ends with n or l.
-la
Makes "la" class verbs into commands. It is added to the end of the verb stem (of the last verb in the series if there is a series of verbs in the command). Sometimes the pronoun-ya can be added after-la , this makes the command addressed to a group of people. Here that pronoun meanssecond person plural instead ofthird person .
Cognate toTurkish -le
-la
with Men senla varğur. I will comewith you. Lacks vowel harmony. Therefore, sometimes it is not accepted as a suffix. 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun ] (1985 ), “la ”, in撒拉语简志 A Brief History of Salar [2] 民族出版社: 琴書店 ,→OCLC 85 -la
marks theend of asentence , (it was)nuwa diya-la He walked over there. FromOttoman Turkish ـله ( -la, -le ) , fromProto-Turkic *-la
-la
with , shortened form ofile babamla okula gidiyorumI am going to school with my father by , shortened form ofile okula kaykayla gidiyorumI am going to school by skateboard If the word's last vowel is a front vowel (e, i, ö, ü ), the ending becomes-le annemle / trenle - with my mother / by trainkuzenimle - with my cousingözünle / troleybüsle - with your eye / by trolley bus If the word ends in a vowel, the ending becomes-yla -yle arabayla - by carkorkuyla - with feargemiyle - by shipsevgiyle - with love If the ending is added to a proper noun, it must be used with an apostrophe.Barış 'laBuğra 'yla Unlike most Turkish suffixes, this suffix is always unstressed; the stress in the combined word remains where it was in the word before suffixing. When-yla dolayısı yla consequently ") is pronounced as if it weredolayısi yla , thus violating the usualvowel harmony . This change in pronunciation is not reflected in the orthography. Inherited fromOttoman Turkish ـلا ( -la ) .
-la
A suffix creating verbs from nouns. parmak ( “ finger ” ) + -la → parmaklamak ( “ to poke ” ) sabah ( “ morning ” ) + -la → sabahlamak ( “ to stay awake till morning, spend a night ” ) ter ( “ sweat ” ) + -la → terlemek ( “ to sweat ” ) A suffix added to foreign verbs to create verb stems and allow for conjugation. favlamak likelamak ghostlamak winlemek pushlamak burstlemek -la
Appended to words to create adiminutive form of a noun. Unknown (per Sandman).
-la
( after nouns ) from ;indicates the source of an action. aga dadada gguan-la lai-lio. Elder brother just camefrom the temple. (Quoted in Janhunen et al., p. 60) gunse-la ha-lai-gu-ge-lio ze-li. S/he was dismissedfrom the company. (Quoted in Janhunen et al., p. 60) ( after verbs ) if ,when ;indicates that the action of the verb is conditional, hypothetical, or set in the future. rolang sho-de je da nga-n-de mula ren se-gu-la diando rolang qhe-lai-li sho-de gu-li. As for this thing calledro-langs if a person among us dies, there will appear aro-langs instead. (Quoted in Janhunen et al., p. 114) Juha Janhunen , Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008 ),Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume466 , LINCOM Europa,→ISBN Erika Sandman (2016 ),A Grammar of Wutun [3] →ISBN 
