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-ku-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "ku"

Chichewa

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Infix

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-ku-

  1. Forms the present tense in verbs.

Usage notes

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This tense is used in a present continuous sense, and contrasts with the habitual of-ma-.

Garo

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Affix

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-ku-

  1. yet, indicates that the action is still happening.

Swahili

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Other scripts
Ajamiـكُـ

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Infix

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-ku-

  1. (with negative subject concord)negative past tense marker
    Antonym:-li-
    Sikukisoma. ―Idid not read it.
Conjugation
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Conjugation of-ku-
singularplural
1st personsiku-hatuku-
2nd personhuku-hamku-
3rd
person		m-wa(I/II)haku-hawaku-
m-mi(III/IV)hauku-haiku-
ji-ma(V/VI)haliku-hayaku-
ki-vi(VII/VIII)hakiku-haviku-
n(IX/X)haiku-haziku-
u(XI)hauku-seen(X) orma(VI)
ku(XV/XVII)hakuku-
pa(XVI)hapaku-
mu(XVIII)hamku-

For more information, seeAppendix:Swahili verbs.

See also
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Swahili TAM markers
  • Initial
  • Final
    • General (positive indicative):-a
    • Positive subjunctive:-e
    • Negative present:-i
    • Second person plural:-ni
  • Infix position positive subject concord
  • Infix position negative subject concord
    • Negative past:-ku-1
    • Negative future:-ta-
    • "Not yet":-ja-1
    • Negative present conditional:-nge-
    • Negative past conditional:-ngali-
  • Relative

1 Can take stress and therefore does not require-ku-/-kw- in monosyllabic verbs.

Etymology 2

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Infix

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-ku-

  1. you,2st person singular object concord
    Ninakupenda. ―I likeyou.
    • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir,Al-Inkishafi‎[1], translation fromR. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, inAfrican Studies, volume 5, number 4,→DOI, pages243–249, stanza11:
      مُيُ وَاغُ نِنِ هُزُدُكَانِ ، لِكُغُرِيِلُ هِيْلَ نِنْنِ ،
      Moyo wangu nini huzundukani, likughuriyelo hela ni-n'ni?
      Soul, why not awake? Hi! what is it that cheatsyou?
  2. (with suffix-ni)you,y'all;2st person plural object concord
    Synonym:-wa-
    Ninakupendeni. ―I likey'all.

See also

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Swahili personal pronouns (m-wa class(I/II))
personindependentsubject concordobject
concord		combined formspossessive
affirmativenegativenandi-si-
singularfirstmimini-si--ni-nami, namimindimi,ndiyesimi,siye-angu
secondweweu-hu--ku-nawe, nawewendiwe,ndiyesiwe,siye-ako
thirdyeyea-,yu-ha-,hayu--m-,-mw-,-mu-naye, nayeyendiyesiye-ake
pluralfirstsisitu-hatu--tu-nasi, nasisindisi,ndiosio-etu
secondninyim-,mw-,mu-ham-,hamw-,hamu--wa-nanyi, naninyindinyi,ndiosinyi,sio-enu
thirdwaowa-hawa--wa-naondiosio-ao
reflexive——-ji-——
For a full table including other classes, seeAppendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Etymology 3

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Infix

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-ku-

  1. there,ku class(XVII) object concord
See also
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Swahili verbal concords (third person)
classsubject concordobject concordrelative
affirmativenegative
m(I)a-,yu-ha-,hayu--m-,-mw-,-mu--ye
wa(II)wa-hawa--wa--o
m(III)u-hau--u--o
mi(IV)i-hai--i--yo
ji(V)li-hali--li--lo
ma(VI)ya-haya--ya--yo
ki(VII)ki-haki--ki--cho
vi(VIII)vi-havi--vi--vyo
n(IX)i-hai--i--yo
n(X)zi-hazi--zi--zo
u(XI)u-hau--u--o
ku(XV/XVII)ku-haku--ku--ko
pa(XVI)pa-hapa--pa--po
mu(XVIII)m-,mw-,mu-ham-,hamw-,hamu--mu--mo

For a full table including first and second person,
seeAppendix:Swahili personal pronouns

Etymology 4

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From the infinitive prefixku-.

Interfix

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-ku-

  1. placed between certain tense/aspect markers and the stem of monosyllabic verbs (-ja,-la,-wa) in the absence of object concord
    nitakuwa ―I will be
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