• -eko(after consonants)
• -go(see usage notes)

Unknown.^[1]

• IPA^(key): /ko/,[ko̞]

-ko

1. Locative singular suffix.

   ‎etxe(“house”) + ‎-ko → ‎etxeko(“of the house, related to the house”)

2. Noun-forming suffix with various functions.
   1. related to,near

      ‎gerri(“waist”) + ‎-ko → ‎gerriko(“belt”)

      ‎belarri(“ear”) + ‎-ko → ‎belarritako(“earring”)

   2. Forms words expressing ahit orstrike
3. Formsfuture participles.

   ‎egin(“to do”) + ‎-ko → ‎egingo(“will do”)

• The case formed by this suffix is also called "local genitive" or "locative genitive". It roughly corresponds to the usage of the prepositionsof in English andde in Spanish. The genitive case (formed by the suffix-ren) also corresponds generally to these prepositions; but is mostly used to imply ownership, while the locative implies location or relatedness. However, there are exceptions to this general rule, see the usage examples below.

  Bizkaiko mendiak ―the mountainsof Biscay

  buruko mina ―headache (literally, “painin the head”)

  eskolako jaialdia ―school festival

  Picassoren margolan bat ―a paintingby Picasso

  Ilargiaren orbita ―the orbit of the Moon

  mutilaren argazkia ―the picture of (owned by) the boy; the picture of (showing) the boy

• Common nouns ending in a consonant take the form-eko with an epenthetic vowel.

  ‎hondartz(“beach”) + ‎-ko → ‎hondartzeko(“of the beach”).

• Proper nouns and verbs ending/n/ or/l/ take the voiced form-go.

  ‎Madril(“Madrid”) + ‎-ko → ‎Madrilgo(“of Madrid”).

• IPA^(key): [ ko]

-ko n (noun-forming suffix)

1. forms diminutive nouns

   ‎ef + ‎-ko → ‎efko

   ‎oko + ‎-ko → ‎očko

   ‎zrno + ‎-ko → ‎zrnko

• -átko
• -čko
• -íčko

• -ko inSlovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

FromProto-Finnic*-ko, probably ultimately fromProto-Uralic*ko-.

-ko (front vowel harmony variant-kö,linguistic notation-kO)(enclitic particle)

1. (enclitic)Turns a clauseinterrogative. It is appended to the element of the clause that is questioned most. English equivalents include the normal ways of forming an interrogative statement without using an interrogative pronoun, such as the verb "do",inversion of the word order andintonation.

   Onko hän täällä? (on > +-ko)

   Is s/he here?

   Täälläkö hän on? (täällä +-kö)

   Is s/hehere?

   Tuleeko hän laivalla? (tulee > +-ko)

   Is she coming by the ship?

   Millä sitten - veneelläkö? (veneellä +-kö)

   By what, then - on the boat?

   Näkeeköhän? (näkee > +-kö)

   Does s/he see?

   Pitäisikö hänen tulla tänne? (pitäisi > +-kö)

   Should s/he come here?

2. (enclitic)In indirect questions,-ko/-kö appended to the verb corresponds to the conjunctionsif andwhether in English.

   En tiedä, tuleeko hän.

   I don't knowif she comes.

   Entiedä, näkeekö hän.

   I don't knowif she sees.

3. (enclitic)With the particle-han/-hän attached to the topic of discussion, it expresses "I wonder if".

   Pukeutuikohanhäntarpeeksilämpimästitänäaamuna?

   I wonder if he put enough clothes on this morning.

   Meniköhänhänkouluuntänäaamuna?

   I wonder if he went to school this morning.

4. (enclitic)With thenegativeverb (en,et,ei,emme,ette,eivät) and the particle-han/-hän, expresses "I suppose".

   Emmeköhänmejotenkutentule toimeen.

   I suppose we'll get by somehow.

5. (enclitic, colloquial)In a question with aninterrogative word.

   Olikko millontulossakäymään?

   When are you coming by here?

• (interrogative particle): The particle-ko/-kö is used when there is no other interrogative word, in both direct and indirect questions. The answer is expected to be simplyaffirmative ornegative.
• (interrogative particle): The word with this particle will usually move to the beginning of the clause (see the usage examples).
• (I wonder if): Note that, unlike in English, the sentence meaning "I wonder if" is an interrogative sentence in Finnish, so it ends with aquestion mark.

• -ks(colloquial)

• -kin
• -kaan/-kään
• -han/-hän
• -kö
• -pa/-pä
• -s

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

-ko

1. (inflectional suffix)forms theaccusative case

• -ni(“forms genitive”)
• -na(“forms dative”)
• -chi(“forms instrumental”)
• -no(“forms locative”)

• IPA^(key): /ko/

-ko

1. a feminine singular suffix (often used with a collective sense)

• -hako

• -k —before vowels and suffixes-en and-an

FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*ku, fromProto-Austronesian*ku.

• IPA^(key): /ko/,/ku/

-ko

1. First-person singular ergative enclitic pronoun;I

   Inlukatko ti tawa ta napudot. ―I opened the window because it is hot.

   Aramidekto dayta no bigat. ―I'll do that tomorrow.

2. First-person singular possessive marker;my

   Daytoy ti pamiliak. ―This ismy family.

   Annakko dagitoy. ―These aremy children.

• When attached to verbs ending with the suffixes-en or-an, then of the suffix is dropped and the enclitic (in the form-k) is attached.

  ‎lutuen(“to cook”) + ‎-k(o) → ‎lutuek(“I cook”)

  ‎dalusan(“to clean”) + ‎-k(o) → ‎dalusak(“I clean”)

• When attached to the enclitic-(e)n, the pronoun becomes-kon, even if the enclitic is in the form-k.

  Linutok ti ikan. ―I cooked the fish.

  Linutokon ti ikan. ―I already cooked the fish.

• When attached to the negative adverbdi, the pronoun becomes-ak.

  Diak inggagara. ―I did not mean it.

• When attached to the verbin(“to go”), then geminates, and the pronoun becomes-ak.

  Innak kitaen no addadan. ―I'll go check if they are already there.

• (Ala-Laukaa)IPA^(key): /-ko/,[-ko̞]
• (Soikkola)IPA^(key): /-ko/,[-ko̞]

-ko (front-vowel variant-kö)

1. Alternative form of-k
   • 1936, D. I. Efimov,Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page12:

     Töö-ko meille avita.

     Come help us.

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971)Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page178

-ko

1. Rōmaji transcription ofこ

FromProto-Slavic*-ъko.

-ko n

1. added to neuter nouns to form a diminutive

FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*(i-)kahu,Proto-Austronesian*(i-)kaSu.

-ko (absolutive enclitic,Lontara spellingᨀᨚ)

1. you (familiar second person singualr and plural)

• IPA^(key): [-kɔ]

-ko

1. Classifier for objects that give cover.
2. Classifier for spherical containers.

• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017)A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[1], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), pages195-196

• IPA^(key): /kó/

-kó

1. augmentative suffix; used to formnouns meaning a larger form of something.

   Antonym:-gi

   ‎èsá(“stool”) + ‎-ko → ‎èsákó(“table”)

   ‎yàbà(“banana”) + ‎-ko → ‎yàbàkó(“plantain”)

   ‎ǹdá(“father”) + ‎-ko → ‎ǹdákó(“grandfather”)

   ‎bànban(“river bank”) + ‎-ko → ‎bànbankó(“cliff”)

   ‎tákùn(“rock”) + ‎-ko → ‎tákùnkó(“large rock”)

2. Used to form anominalised andsuperlative form ofverbs.

   ‎wáncí(“to be large”) + ‎-ko → ‎wáncíkó(“the largest”)

   ‎pàrà(“to be wide”) + ‎-ko → ‎pàràkó(“the widest”)

• Alhaji, Gabra IbrahimA Morphological Analysis of Nouns and Adjectives In The Nupe Language, 2012

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*-ko.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE)/kɔ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE)/kɔ/

-ko n

1. diminutive suffix for neuter nouns; may cause various vowel shifts

• Polish:-ko
• Silesian:-ko

Inherited fromOld Polish-ko.

• IPA^(key): /kɔ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɔ
• Syllabification:[please specify syllabification manually]

-ko n

1. diminutive suffix for neuter nouns. May cause various vowel shifts

   ‎słowo + ‎-ko → ‎słówko

-ko (Cyrillic spelling-ко)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, most likely to make diminutive. Usually used to make names, or nicknames denoting a negative feature.

   ‎dar + ‎-ko → ‎Darko

   ‎Jano + ‎-ko → ‎Janko

   ‎debeo + ‎-ko → ‎debeljko(“fatty (meant as an insult)”)

• IPA^(key): /kɔ/

-ko n

1. diminutive suffix for neuter nouns

-ko

1. ku class_(XVII)relative marker,where

   Sijui wanakotoka. ―I do not knowwhere they come from.

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