FromMiddle Dutch-ie, which is borrowed fromOld French-ie, fromLatin-ia, fromAncient Greek-ια(-ia). Cognate withGerman-ei,English-y.Dutch variants are:-ie (as intheorie) and-ije (as inTurkije)^[1]

• IPA^(key): /ɛi̯/

• Audio:

  (file)

-ij f (plural-ijen)

1. Forms abstract nouns denoting a state or concept related to the person(s) referred to by the stem; equivalent of-y
2. Forms nouns denoting a business or an organization which is run by the kind of person(s) referred to by the stem; equivalent of-ery

Ultimately apparently fromLatin (orNew Latin coinages thereof)-ia,-io,-ius,-ium, etc. In most cases likely viaLatvian-ija (often pronounced/ij/) or-ijs. In some cases also possibly fromMiddle High German-ei.

• IPA^(key): /-ij/,[-ij]

-ij

1. a suffix corresponding to English-ia,-y,-ion,-ius,-ium, etc.
   • 2012–2013, “*ij”, in Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits, editors,Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎^[1], Tartu, Riga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra:

     Austrij,analōgij,statsij,jūlij,alumīnij

     Austria, analogy, station, July (< Julius), aluminium, aluminum

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