-ig (plural-ige)

1. -y
2. -ing(forms nouns from verbs)

• Corresponds to-ig and-ung inStandard German.

PartlyBorrowed fromLow German-ig, which inDanish has displaced thenativesuffixOld Danish-ugh; is no longer productive.

-ig

1. -y;forms adjectives from nouns

• “-ig” inDen Danske Ordbog

FromMiddle Dutch-ich, fromOld Dutch-ag,-ig, fromProto-West Germanic*-g, fromProto-Germanic*-agaz,*-īgaz,*-ugaz, each a variant of a common suffix*-gaz, fromProto-Indo-European*-kos.

• IPA^(key): /əx/,/ɪx/

• Audio:

  (file)

-ig

1. -y;forms adjectives from nouns

   Synonyms:-achtig,-erig

2. -ed,having(when attached to a noun preceded by an adjective that describes the noun)

   roodharig ―red-haired

   dikhuidig ―thick-skinned

   tweebenig ―two-legged

FromMiddle High German-ec,-ic, fromOld High German-ig, fromProto-West Germanic*-g, fromProto-Germanic*-gaz, fromProto-Indo-European*-kos.

• IPA^(key): /ɪç/(Germany; less common in southern regiolects)
• IPA^(key): /ɪk/,/ɪɡ̊/,/iɡ̊/(most common form in southern Germany, Austria, and Switzerland)
• IPA^(key): /ɪɕ/,/ɪʃ/(all central German dialects)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio(Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

• Audio(Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

-ig

1. -y,-eous;forms adjectives from nouns, describing the noteworthy presence of the noun

   ‎Sonne(“sun”) + ‎-ig → ‎sonnig(“sunny”)

   ‎Berg(“mountain”) + ‎-ig → ‎bergig(“mountainous”)

2. forms adjectives from numerals and nouns, describing something as having or involving a certain amount of the noun

   ‎ein(s)(“one”) + ‎Seite(“side, page”) + ‎-ig → ‎einseitig(“one-sided, single-page”)

   ‎zwei(“two”) + ‎Schneide(“edge”) + ‎-ig → ‎zweischneidig(“two-edged”)

   ‎mehr(“more”) + ‎Sprache(“language”) + ‎-ig → ‎mehrsprachig(“multilingual”)

3. -ed;forms adjectives from adjectives and nouns, describing something as having a noun of a certain quality; often triggers umlaut for single-syllable nouns

   ‎klein(“small”) + ‎Geist(“spirit, mind”) + ‎-ig → ‎kleingeistig(“small-minded”)

   ‎schwach(“weak”) + ‎Brust(“chest”) + ‎-ig → ‎schwachbrüstig(“feeble, lacking in power and stamina”)

   ‎dunkel(“dark”) + ‎Haut(“skin”) + ‎-ig → ‎dunkelhäutig(“dark-skinned”)

4. forms adjectives from verbs, describing a propensity or ongoing state of an action

   ‎zittern(“to shiver, to tremble”) + ‎-ig → ‎zittrig(“shaky, trembling”)

   ‎abhängen(“to depend”) + ‎-ig → ‎abhängig(“dependent, addicted”)

5. forms adjectives from adverbs, describing something as being defined by the adverb

   ‎heute(“today”) + ‎-ig → ‎heutig(“today's, of today”)

   ‎damals(“back then, at the time”) + ‎-ig → ‎damalig(“former, then”)

Note: There are also contracted forms like-'ger.

-ig

1. (Switzerland, colloquial)variation of-ung

• -lich
• -isch

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): [iɡ]
• Rhymes:-iɡ

-ig (terminative case suffix)

1. (of place)to,up to

   Az állomásig busszal mentünk, de onnan hazáig márgyalog. ―We traveled by busto the station but from thereto home we walked.

2. (of time)until,till

   Ötig dolgozom. ―I workuntil five o'clock.

3. for a specified length of time

   A levél olyan hosszú volt, hogy tíz percig olvastam. ―The letter was so long that I was reading itfor 10 minutes.

• It has no harmonic variants. It is used by both back-vowel and front-vowel words.
• The above two senses may be ambiguous whenhouror o'clock is mentioned, as in this sentence:

  Két óráig maradunk. ―We'll stayfor two hoursOR We'll stayuntil 2 o'clock.

To avoid this ambiguity, the accusative case may be employed when referring to the duration(Két órát maradunk), and the sentence may be rephrased when referring to the end point (Két óramúlva indulunk – We're leavingin two hours.)

• (until): Withpointlike events or places the meaning is usually clear. However, it is ambiguous when the given event itself lasts for some time or the given object is such that it matters whether it is included, excluded or partially included.

  Szerdáig van időd. ―You have timeuntil Wednesday.

  • With exclusion: on Wednesday 00:01 A.M. you are already late (rare, one would probably saykeddig; until Tuesday)
  • With partial inclusion: the border line is somewhere during the day (most likely)
  • With full inclusion: you have the full Wednesday (also possible)

• addig,eddig,meddig
• Category:Hungarian terms taking -ig
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

-ig

1. alternative form of-y

From-ugr,Old Norse-igr(“-y”), from*-ugaz,Proto-Germanic*-īgaz(“-y”), from*-gaz(“-y”), fromProto-Indo-European*-kos, *-ḱos(“-y”).Certain words also fromLow German-ig(“-y”) orGerman-ig(“-y”), fromMiddle High German-ec,-ic, fromOld High German-ig, fromProto-West Germanic*-g, fromProto-Germanic*-gaz(“-y”), fromProto-Indo-European*-kos(“-y”).

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!

-ig

1. -y;forms adjectives from nouns

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium. Particularly: “inherited from Old Norse or derived from Middle Low German loanwords?”)

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!

-ig

1. -y;forms adjectives from nouns

• -ug

-ig

1. A suffix denoting thethird person singular tofirst- orsecond-person singular form of a transitive animate verb (vta)

FromProto-West Germanic*-ag, -ig. Still distinct in the earliest texts.

• -iċ,-eġ

• IPA^(key): /ij/

-iġ

1. -y;forms adjectives from nouns and verbs

• The variant form-eġ (or-eg) often occurs specifically when followed by suffixes containing back vowels. Ringe and Taylor (2014) suggest that prehistoric*-ag failed to fully raise to-iġ in this environment, with the variant reflecting a preserved transitional form^[1].

• bisiġ
• findiġ

• Middle English:-iȝ,-i,-y,-ich
  • English:-y,-ey,-ie
  • Scots:-ie

FromProto-West Germanic*-i,*-ī, fromProto-Germanic*-j-,*-ij-(diminutive suffix).

• -g,-ih

• IPA^(key): /iɡ/,[iɣ],/ij/

-igor-iġ

1. Suffix creating diminutive nouns from other nouns.

   bōsiġ

Masculine

Stronga-stem:

• Middle English:-y
  • Scots:-ie
    • English:-ie,-y

FromProto-West Germanic*-g, fromProto-Germanic*-gaz, fromProto-Indo-European*-kos.

-ig

1. -y;forms adjectives from i-stem nouns and verbs

• -ag

-ig

1. slender form of-aig

From earlier-ig,-og, fromMiddle Low German-ich andOld Swedish-ogher, fromOld Norse-agr,-ugr,-igr, fromProto-Germanic*-gaz, fromProto-Indo-European*-kos. Cognate with Old English-ig, whenceEnglish-y.

Compare-og,avog,avig and-ot.

• IPA^(key): /ɪ(ɡ)/

-ig

1. -y;forms adjectives from nouns and verbs

   ‎is(“ice”) + ‎-ig → ‎isig(“icy”)

   ‎kunna(“be able to, know”) + ‎-ig → ‎kunnig(“knowledgeable”)

3. -ed(when attached to a compound of an adjective and a noun or verb it describes)

   Han är rödhårig

   He is red-haired

• Often pronounced without the final 'g' (/ɪ/).
• In (sense 2), "Han är rödhårad" reads like "He is red-hair'ed," as if someone has done "red hair" to him. The same reading is possible in English, but natural in Swedish.