FromMiddle English -est Old English -est -ost Proto-West Germanic *-ist *-ōst Proto-Germanic *-istaz ,*-ōstaz -er Afrikaans -ste Dutch -st German -(e)st Danish -(e)st Swedish -(a)st
Via PIE cognate withAncient Greek -ιστος ( -istos ) , seePleistocene protist
-est
Used to form thesuperlative ofadjectives andadverbs . longest , biggest , fastest ,motliest See -er for notes on the usage of this suffix to form superlatives. Occasionally, the-est suffix is added to a verbal adjective as a substitute formost . An example iswinningest superlative of adjectives and adverbs
Arabic:اَلـ (ar) ( al-- ) ( a superlative pattern of the adjective ) Armenian:ամենա- ( amena- ) ,-գույն ( -guyn ) Basque:-en Breton:-añ (br) Burmese:please add this translation if you can Catalan:més (ca) ( before the adjective or adverb, after the definite article ) Cebuano:kina- -an Chinese:Mandarin:最 (zh) ( zuì ) ( prefix ) Czech:nej- (cs) Danish:-est Dutch:-ste (nl) Esperanto:plej (eo) Finnish:( for adjectives ) -in (fi) French:plus (fr) ( before the adjective, after the definite article ) Georgian:please add this translation if you can German:-ster m -ste f am ...-sten ( adverbs ) Hungarian:leg- (hu) Indonesian:ter- (id) ,paling (id) Japanese:一番 (ja) ( いちばん, ichiban; placed before the adjective ) ,最も (ja) ( もっとも, mottomo ) ,最 (ja) ( さい, sai- ) ( Sino-Japanese prefix ) Jeju:ᄀᆞ장 ( gawjang ) ,제일 ( jeil ) ,지중 ( jijung ) Khmer:...ជាងគេ ( …ciəng kei ) Korean:가장 (ko) ( gajang ) ,제일(第一) (ko) ( jeil ) ,최(最)- ( choe- ) ( Sino-Korean prefix ) Lao:...ທີ່ສຸດ ( thī sut ) Latvian:-ākais m -ākā f Malay:ter- (ms) Mongolian:хамгын ( xamgyn ) Norwegian:Bokmål:-est ( before most long adjectives or adverbs ) mest (no) Nynorsk:-ast ( before most long adjectives or adverbs ) mest Persian:ترین (fa) ( tarin ) Polish:naj- (pl) ,najbardziej before the adjective or adverb ) Portuguese:mais (pt) used with definite article Romanian:mai (ro) ( before the adjective or adverb, after the demonstrative article ) Russian:наи- (ru) ( nai- ) ( prefix before comparative forms ) ,са́мый (ru) ( sámyj ) ( before adjectives in the normal form ) ,наибо́лее (ru) ( naibóleje ) ( before adjectives in the normal form ) ,-е́йший ( -éjšij ) ,-а́йший ( -ájšij ) ( suffixes follow an adjective form ) Serbo-Croatian:Cyrillic:нај- Latin:naj- (sh) Slovak:naj- Spanish:( before the adjective or adverb, after the definite article ) más (es) Swedish:-ast (sv) (1),mest (sv) (before the adjective or adverb ) (1) Tagalog:pinaka- (tl) Thai:...ที่สุด (th) ( ...tîi-sùt ) Turkish:en (tr) Vietnamese:... nhất (vi) (一 (vi) ) Welsh:-af Yoruba:jù lọ
FromMiddle English -est ,-st Old English -est ,-ast ,-st Proto-Germanic *-zi Proto-Indo-European *-si thou Middle Dutch andMiddle High German (compare modernGerman -st
-est
( archaic , dialectal ) Used to form thesecond-person singular present tense andpast tense of verbs. (ifthou is the subject; not used withyou )goest , makest , wentest , madest second-person singular present tense of verbs
Czech:-eš -íš -áš Dutch:-t (nl) Finnish:-t (fi) French:-es (fr) ( for regular-er verbs ) ;-is (fr) ( for regular-ir verb ) ;-s (fr) ( for most-re verbs ) German:-st Hungarian:-sz -d (hu) ,-l (hu) Irish:-air ( broad synthetic form, 1st conjugation ) ,-ir ( slender synthetic form, 1st conjugation ) ,-aír ( broad synthetic form, 2nd conjugation ) ,-ír ( slender synthetic form, 2nd conjugation ) Italian:-i (it) ( for regular-are -ere -ire -isc- ) Kurdish:Northern Kurdish:-î (ku) Latin:-as -es -is -s Polish:-esz -isz -ysz -asz Portuguese:-as (pt) ( 1st conjugation ) ,-es (pt) ( 2nd and 3rd conjugation ) Romanian:-i ( most verbs ) ,-ezi ( some 1st conjugation verbs ) ,-ești ( some 4th conjugation verbs ) Russian:-ешь ( -ešʹ ) ,-ёшь ( -jóšʹ ) ,-ишь ( -išʹ ) ,-ашь ( -ašʹ ) Spanish:-as (es) ,-es (es)
tes Tse StE set TSE Set seṭ ETS STE tse ETs TEs Ste Ste. SET From Latin-istī
-est
Used to form thesecond person plural preterite indicative ofsecond conjugation verbs This form fell out of use, being largely replaced by the analogical ending-eres From-es ( adjective-forming suffix ) +-t ( adverb-forming suffix ) .
-est
( adverb-forming suffix ) Added to a word to form anadverb . öröm ( “ joy ” ) + -est → örömest ( “ with joy ” ) ( adverb-forming suffix ) Variants:-st -est -est
Used to form thesecond-person singular present indicative of verbs. Inherited fromOld English -est Proto-West Germanic *-ist Proto-Germanic *-istaz Proto-Indo-European *-istHos *-yōs *-tHós
-est
Forms the superlative of adjectives FromProto-Germanic *-ustaz *-istaz
-est
suffix forming feminine nouns, originally from verbs eornost earnest þēnest service ofost haste orrest battle, combat Strongō -stem:
Inherited fromProto-West Germanic *-ist Proto-Germanic *-istaz Proto-Indo-European *-istHos *-yōs *-tHós
-est
alternative form of-ost ( “ used to form superlative adjectives and adverbs ” ) glēaw ( “ wise ” ) + -est → glēawest ( “ wisest ” ) late ( “ late ” ) + -est → latest ( “ latest ” ) smæl ( “ narrow; small ” ) + -est → smælest ( “ narrowest; smallest ” ) Declension of-est — Weak only
-est
Forms the second-person singular of class I weak verbs fremman ( “ to perform ” ) + -est → fremest ( “ you perform ” ) -est
( colloquial ) verb suffix for thesecond-person singular preterite CategoryWelsh terms suffixed with -est not found
