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-ere

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "ere"

Afrikaans

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Etymology

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FromDutch-eren. Compare also the more native Afrikaans-ers.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ere

  1. forms the plurals of six nouns
    been(leg; bone) + ‎-ere → ‎beendere(bones)
    gelid(rank) + ‎-ere → ‎geledere(ranks)
    gemoed(mind) + ‎-ere → ‎gemoedere(minds)
    goed(good) + ‎-ere → ‎goedere(goods)
    lied(song; hymn) + ‎-ere → ‎liedere(hymns)
    volk(people) + ‎-ere → ‎volkere(peoples)

Usage notes

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  • In most of the above cases, either the word as such or the plural belongs to a more literary register.
  • The nounblaar(leaf) is abackformation from a plural originally using this suffix (from Dutchblad >bladeren >blaren).

Danish

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Etymology

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Borrowed as part of Latin, French or German verbs. Cognate toFrench-er,German-ieren,Swedish-era.

Suffix

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-ere

  1. Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word; such asrevolutionere(to revolutionise), fromrevolution.

References

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Italian

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromLatin-ēre (second conjugation).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ére (verb-forming suffix,first-person singular present-o,first-person singular past historic-éttior(traditional)-èttior-éi,past participle-ùto,auxiliaryavéreorèssere)

  1. stem, to form the infinitive of some Italian verbs
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of-ére (-ere) (SeeAppendix:Italian verbs)
infinitive-ére
auxiliary verbavére,èsseregerund-èndo
present participle-èntepast participle-ùto
personsingularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativeiotului/lei, esso/essanoivoiloro, essi/esse
present-o-i-e-iàmo-éte-ono
imperfect-évo-évi-éva-evàmo-evàte-évano
past historic-étti,-ètti1,-éi-ésti-étte,-ètte1,-émmo-éste-éttero,-èttero1,-érono
future-erò-erài-erà-erémo-eréte-erànno
conditional-erèi-erésti-erèbbe,-erébbe-erémmo-eréste-erèbbero,-erébbero
subjunctiveche ioche tuche lui/che lei, che esso/che essache noiche voiche loro, che essi/che esse
present-a-a-a-iàmo-iàte-ano
imperfect-éssi-éssi-ésse-éssimo-éste-éssero
imperativetuLeinoivoiLoro
-i-a-iàmo-éte-ano
negative imperativenon-érenon-anon-iàmonon-étenon-ano

1Traditional.

Etymology 2

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Inherited fromLatin-ere (third conjugation).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /e.re/
  • Hyphenation:-e‧re

Suffix

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-ere (verb-forming suffix)

  1. stem, to form the infinitive of some Italian verbs
Usage notes
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  • Seericevere as an example of aregular-ere verb.
  • There are two groups ofirregular-ere verbs:
    • Those in the first group have multiple irregularities (sometimes even in theinfinitive), but several related verbs are conjugated in the same way.
    • Those in the second group have irregularpast participles and/or, in thepast historic have an irregular stem in the first- and third-person singular and the third-person plural.
Conjugation
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  • Identical to above except for the root stress in the infinitive.
Derived terms
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First group (see usage notes)
Second group (see usage notes)

See also

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ere m (noun-forming suffix,plural-eri,feminine-era)

  1. alternative form of-iere
Usage notes
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  • Used in particular after stems ending in-gn-, e.g.ingegnere.

Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology 1

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  • FromProto-Italic*-ezi, fromProto-Indo-European*-esi, locative case ofaction nouns, which end in*-os in the nominative. Similar toAncient Greek-ειν(-ein) <*-ehen, which comes from an alternative locative case form,*-esen.Note adverbialtemere.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. presentactiveinfinitive of(third conjugation)
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    FromProto-Italic*-ēzi, in whichz changed intor due torhotacism. Formed by analogy with the short-vowel ending-ere for the Proto-Italic and Latin second conjugation (Etymology 1 above).

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ēre

    1. presentactiveinfinitive of-eō(second conjugation)

    Etymology 3

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    See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ēre

    1. second-personsingularpresentpassivesubjunctive of(first conjugation)
    2. second-personsingularpresentpassiveindicative of-eō(second conjugation)

    Etymology 4

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    From Proto-Italic-ēri, third person plural perfect active ending.

    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. Used for thethird personpresent perfectplural form of any regular verb.
    Usage notes
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    • This form is obsolete, having been superseded by-ērunt.

    Middle Dutch

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    Etymology

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    FromOld Dutch*-āri,-ere, fromProto-Germanic*-ārijaz(masc. agent suffix).

    Suffix

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    -ere m

    1. Formsagent nouns from verbs.

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    Middle English

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    Etymology 1

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  • Inherited fromOld English-ere, fromProto-West Germanic*-ārī, fromProto-Germanic*-ārijaz, usually held to be fromLatin-ārius, though Gąsiorowski instead suggests a native origin.The demonymic sense may continueOld English-ware, fromProto-West Germanic*-wari, fromProto-Germanic*-warjaz, though a semantic extension of the agentive sense is perhaps more likely given the lack of demonstrable continuity between Old English formations in-ware and this suffix.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /-ər(ə)/
    • IPA(key): /-ˌɛ̞ːr(ə)/(with secondary stress)

    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. Forms agent nouns from other nouns or verbs, especially occupational;-er
    2. (Late Middle English, rare)Forms nouns denoting a inhabitant or resident of a location;-er
    Usage notes
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    • The use of this suffix on abstract nouns is late and rare.
    • Due to vowel reduction, this suffix is sometimes conflated with-er and-our, especially in Late Middle English.
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    References
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    Etymology 2

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    Inherited fromOld English-ra, fromProto-West Germanic*-iʀō,*-ōʀō, fromProto-Germanic*-izô orProto-Germanic*-ōzô; related to superlative-est.

    The change from-ra to-ere is probably due to analogy with apocopated forms of this suffix with an anaptyctic vowel (i.e.-er).

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. Used to form the comparative degree of adjectives;more,-er.
    2. Used to form the comparative degree of adverbs;more,-er.
    Usage notes
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    • Unlike in the modern English standard, this suffix may be appended to adjectives or adverbs of any length; in fact, periphrastic comparison withmore ormest,most is rather uncommon. Like in Early Modern English and nonstandard modern English, this periphrastic comparative may be combined with the synthetic comparative to form a pleonastic "double comparative";moregrettere(larger, literallymore larger).
    • Irregular comparatives formed with this suffix may induceumlaut or shortening of the vowel of the root it is appended to; most of these compete with regular forms, which increasingly predominate in later Middle English (e.g.lengere,longere, both "longer";deppere,depere, both "deeper").
    Descendants
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    References
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    Etymology 3

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    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. alternative form of-er(agentive suffix)

    Etymology 4

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    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. alternative form of-re(plural suffix)

    Etymology 5

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    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. alternative form of-eren

    Norwegian Bokmål

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    Etymology

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    FromOld Norse-era, throughMiddle High German-ieren, fromOld French-ier, fromLatin-āre.

    Cognate toFrench-er,German-ieren andSwedish-era.

    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word; such asrevolusjonere(to revolutionise), fromrevolusjon(revolution). Equivalent in meaning toEnglish-ize.

    References

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    Norwegian Nynorsk

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    FromOld Norse-era, throughMiddle High German-ieren, fromOld French-ier, fromLatin-āre.

    Cognate toFrench-er,German-ieren andSwedish-era.

    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word. Equivalent in meaning toEnglish-ize.

    References

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    Old English

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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  • FromProto-West Germanic*-ārī, fromProto-Germanic*-ārijaz.Uncertain ultimate origin, usually held to be fromLatin-ārius. Gąsiorowski instead suggests that*-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier*-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of*-sōr suffixed with*-ih₂, creating a suffix*-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which were then masculinised by attaching*-ós. He also suggests a relation toProto-West Germanic*-astrijā. Cognate withOld Frisian-ere,Old Saxon-āri,Old High German-āri.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. masculine agent suffix, originally applied only to nouns
      Synonyms:-a,-end
      dōm(judgement) + ‎-ere → ‎dōmere(judge)
      fugol(bird) + ‎-ere → ‎fuglere(fowler)

    Declension

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    Strongja-stem:

    singularplural
    nominative-ere-eras
    accusative-ere-eras
    genitive-eres-era
    dative-ere-erum

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    Old French

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    Alternative forms

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    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. nominativesingular of-or (agent noun suffix)
      Le chanteorli chantere

    Yola

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    Suffix

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    -ere

    1. alternative form of-eare
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