FromLatin-ēnus, fromAncient Greek-ηνός(-ēnós), forming adjectives from place names.
-ene
- Forms adjectives relating to places and nouns for their inhabitants.
- Cairo + -ene → Cairene
- Damascus + -ene → Damascene
- Forms adjectives and nouns denoting religious groups from personal names.
- Rogers + -ene → Rogerene
- Hagar + -ene → Hagarene
Borrowed fromFrench-ène, chosen by French chemistJean-Baptiste Dumas to avoid confusion with chemicals in-ine.
-ene
- (organic chemistry) Anunsaturatedhydrocarbon having at least onedouble bond; analkene.
- (organic chemistry) Anaromatic hydrocarbon based onbenzene.
- Apolymer derived from analkene.
The common names of some other organic compounds also end inene.
terms derived from "-ene"
aromatic hydrocarbon of benzene
Derived fromgraphene, expressing itsmonolayer characteristic
-ene
- a single-atom thick two-dimensional layer of atoms
From-e-(linking vowel) +-ne(conditional suffix).
-ene
- (conditional suffix)Forms the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).
- segít(“to help”) + -ene → segítene(“he/she would help”)
Conditional indefinite – personal endings
- (conditional suffix) Variants:
- -na is added to most back vowel verbs
- vár(“to wait”) + -na → várna(“he/she would wait”)
- -ne is added to most front vowel verbs
- kér(“to ask”) + -ne → kérne(“he/she would ask”)
- -ana is added to back vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel +t (exceptions:áll,száll,varr,forr,lát)
- mond(“to say something”) + -ana → mondana(“he/she would say something”)
- tanít(“to teach”) + -ana → tanítana(“he/she would teach”)
- -ene is added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel +t
- fest(“to paint”) + -ene → festene(“he/she would paint”)
- segít(“to help”) + -ene → segítene(“he/she would help”)
From-enis +-e(fem.).
-ene
- female equivalent of-enis(for female beings)
- feminine of-enis(for feminine-gender objects)
- female equivalent of-ēns(for female beings)
- feminine of-ēns(for feminine-gender objects)
-ene
- Enclitic form ofhem;accusative ofhi
FromOld English-ena, for earlier-ana, fromProto-West Germanic*-anō,*-ōnō, fromProto-Germanic*-anǫ̂,*-ōnǫ̂, from theProto-Indo-European genitive plural suffix*-oHom when attached ton-stems.
-ene
- (chiefly Kent, Southern or West Midland)Used to form thegenitiveplural of nouns.
- Synonyms:-es(more common),-e(somewhat less common)
- Already in late Old English, there was a tendency to extend the suffix-ena from weak (n-stem) nouns to other noun classes, especially in the noundæġ(“day”); for instance,dagena is found for earlierdaga(“days'”).[1] This trend continues and reaches completion in Middle English; therefore,-ene can be suffixed to nouns of any Old English inflectional class, as inkingeneking(“king of kings”) for more conservativekingeking (Old Englishcy(ni)ngacy(ni)ng).[2][3]
- However,-ene is itself supplanted by-es, extended from the genitive singular and nominative/accusative plural. This replacement begins very early, meaning that-ene is mostly nonexistent in East Midland and Northern Middle English (including Early Scots) and recessive in the other dialects, with-es becoming increasingly predominant after the Early Middle English period just like the nominative/accusative plural ending. However, weak nouns (n-stems) tended to preserve-ene insofar as they survived, as it could be identified with the nominative/accusative plural ending-en in line with a Middle English tendency to efface all plural case distinctions,[4] though the suffix was often disyllabic in verse, demonstrating that this tendency was not total.[5]
- Especially in later Middle English, genitive plurals formed with-ene increasingly acquired an "adjectival colouring", becoming influenced by and undergoing partial conflation with the adjectival suffix-en, which thus acquires a form-ene. A strict boundary between denominal possessive adjectives formed with-en and nouns inflected with-ene is therefore impossible to draw.[6][7][8] For a more complete development of an adjectival suffix from a genitive plural, see Old Frenchfrancor(“French”) and German-er.
- This ending is especially found with semantically animate nouns, in contrast with-e, which is chiefly applied to inanimate nouns.[9]
- This suffix tends to induce the same alternations in the noun stem as the plural suffix-es, as indawene(“days'”).
- ^Hogg, Richard;Fulk, R. D. (2011),A Grammar of Old English, volume 2: Morphology, Oxford: Blackwell,→ISBN, pages73-75
- ^“-en(e”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved25 October 2024.
- ^Logan, H[arry] M. (1973), “V. Grammar”, inThe dialect of the Life of Saint Katherine: A linguistic study of the phonology and inflections (Janua Linguarum. Series Practica;130),The Hague:Mouton,→OCLC,§ 40, pages156-157.
- ^Berndt, Rolf (1968), “Bemerkungen zur geschichtlichen Entwicklung der englischen Sprache”, inZeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, volume16, number 2,Leipzig:VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie, page167.
- ^Putter, Ad; Judith, Jefferson; Stokes, Myra (2007), “5. The Structure of the A-Verse”, inStudies in the Metre of Alliterative Verse (Medium Ævum Monographs: New Series;26)[1],Oxford:The Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature,→ISBN,→OCLC, page235.
- ^“-en,suf.(8).”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved25 October 2024.
- ^d'Ardenne, S[imonne] R. T. O. (1961) [1936], “Language”, inÞe Liflade ant te Passiun of Seinte Iuliene (Early English Text Society;248),London:Oxford University Press for theEarly English Text Society,→OCLC,§ 64, page209.
- ^Mustanoja, Tauno F. (1960), “Cases: Genitive”, inA Middle English Syntax (Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki;23), volume I: Parts of Speech,Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, page73; republished atAmsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2016,→DOI,→ISBN.
- ^Myers, Sara (26 November 2014), “Chapter 2: Genitive Plural Nouns”, in An investigation of certain aspects of the genitive noun phrase in Middle English (1150-1500) (Thesis)[2],University of Edinburgh,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on2025-08-22, § 2.5.3, page 49.
-ene
- alternative form of-en(adjectival suffix)
FromDanish-ene
-ene
- suffix added to most definite plural nouns
-ene
- Used to form definite plurals for most feminine nouns.
-ene
- inflection of-en:
- dativesingular
- strongaccusativefemininesingular
- stronginstrumentalmasculine/neutersingular
- strongnominative/accusativemasculine/feminineplural
- weaknominativefeminine/neutersingular
- weakaccusativeneutersingular
-ene
- (Late Old English)alternative form of-enne
, Oxford:Oxford University Press, launched 2000.