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(Early 15th century) Borrowed fromLatin-ātus,perfectpassiveparticiple ending of first conjugation verbs and formingparticipial adjectives from nouns. Before a suffix, introduced inMiddle English, participial adjectives borrowed from suchLatin participles were written with final-at (Middle Englishdesolat for moderndesolate) and could be used aspast participle of verbs in-aten (seeEtymology 2), seegenerate orcommunicate for remnants of it. See alsocontent,complete,sparse; adjectives of participial origin, fromLatin.Doublet of-ee and cognate withEnglish-ed.
-ate
SeeEtymology 1. InMiddle English, verbs were derived fromLatin-borrowedparticipial adjectives and written with final-aten (see-en; Middle Englishdesolaten for moderndesolate). In the 15th century, the loss of most verbal morphology inEnglish made verbs formally identical to adjectives; this led to numerous adjectives in-ate, originally borrowed from theperfectpassiveparticiple of first conjugation Latin verbs being used as verbs (as well as the heteronymy of former Middle English verbs with their corresponding participles), and, in the late 16th century, the systematic borrowing of such Latin participles as English verbs. The sheer number of newly borrowed verbs from Latin ending in-ate later gave rise to-ate'sproductivity as a verbal suffix.[1]
The same process also led to the systematic borrowing of Latinperfectpassiveparticiple of other kinds as English verbs. Seedissect,delete,erase,applause (when olderapplaud) andexhaust: all borrowed fromLatin participial stems of diverse conjugation groups. Compare alsoBasque-tu for similar development.
-ate
From thesubstantivation of past participles from first conjugation Latin verbs; seeEtymology 1. It grew to popularity after its morphological revival in French during the 14th century, where past participle-inherited substantives began to be Latinized (seeFrenchavoué and its re-Latinized version,avocat. Compare alsoEnglishadvocate with further re-Latinization). The older-é (avoué,employé) gave English-ee (employee).
-ate
From thesubstantivation of past participles from first conjugation Latin verbs; seeEtymology 1. Used so to denote aproduct having been subjected to the saidchemical and thus derived by it (e.g.plumbumacētātum(“acetated lead”) →acetate(“an acetated product; a salt or ester of acetic acid”)).
-ate
From theLatin abstract-noun-forming suffix-ātus, -ātūs.
-ate
Feminine plural of-ato. FromLatin-ātās, feminine accusative plural of-ātus.
-ate f pl (non-lemma form of past participle-forming suffix)
-ate f (proper noun-forming suffix)
FromLatin-ātis(second-person plural present active indicative ending). The imperative comes fromLatin-ate.
-ate (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)
-ate
-āte
-āte
-ate
Feminine plural of-at; fromLatin-ātae, feminine nominative plural of-ātus.
-ate (masculine singular-at,feminine singular-ată,masculine plural-ați)