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First attested in the 15th century;borrowed fromLatin-ātus, theperfectpassiveparticiple ending of first conjugation verbs, also used to formparticipial adjectives from nouns. Before-ate was introduced as a suffix inMiddle English,Latin-borrowed participial adjectives were written with final-at (Middle Englishdesolat for moderndesolate) and could also be used aspast participles (seedegenerate orcommunicate for remnants of it) with or without a corresponding verb ending in-aten; seeEtymology 2.Doublet of-ee and, distantly, of-ed.
-ate (adjective-forming suffix,comparativemore-ate,superlativemost-ate)
-ate
SeeEtymology 1. InMiddle English, verbs were derived fromLatin-borrowedparticipial adjectives (also used as theirpast participles) and formed their infinitives in-aten (see-en; Middle Englishdesolaten for moderndesolate). In the 15th century, the loss of most verbal morphology made verbs formally identical toadjectives. This led to theheteronymy of Middle English verbs in-aten with their corresponding past participles, numerous adjectives in-ate being used as verbs, and, in the late 16th century, the systematic borrowing of such Latin participles as English verbs. The sheer number of newly borrowed verbs from Latin ending in-ate later gave rise to-ate'sproductivity as a verbal suffix.[1]
The same process also led to the systematic borrowing of Latinperfectpassiveparticiple of other kinds as English verbs. Seedissect,delete,erase,applause (when olderapplaud) andexhaust: all borrowed fromLatin participial stems of diverse conjugation groups. Compare alsoBasque-tu for similar development.
-ate (verb-forming suffix,third-person singular simple present-ates,present participle-ating,simple past and past participle-ated)
From thesubstantivization ofperfectpassiveparticiples of first conjugation Latin verbs; seeEtymology 1. Partly taken from Frenchanimate substantives that began to be Latinized during the 14th century: seeFrenchavoué and its re-Latinized versionavocat, whenceEnglishadvocate which underwent further re-Latinization. Partly frominanimate substantives taken fromneuter forms of Latin participles: seemandate.French-é (e.g.,avoué,employé) later gave English-ee.
-ate (noun-forming suffix,plural-ates)
From thesubstantivization ofperfectpassiveparticiple from first conjugation Latin verbs; seeEtymology 1. Used so to denote aproduct having been subjected to the saidchemical and thus derived by it (e.g.,plumbumacētātum(“acetated lead”) →acetate(“an acetated product; a salt or ester of acetic acid”)).
-ate (noun-forming suffix,plural-ates)
From theLatin abstract-noun-forming suffix-ātus, -ātūs.(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle English, dates, etc.”)
-ate (noun-forming suffix,plural-ates)
-ate
-ate m (noun-forming suffix,plural-ates)
Feminine plural of-ato. FromLatin-ātās, feminine accusative plural of-ātus.
-ate f pl (non-lemma form of past participle-forming suffix)
-ate f (proper noun-forming suffix)
FromLatin-ātis(second-person plural present active indicative ending). The imperative comes fromLatin-ate.
-ate (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)
-ate
-āte
-āte
-ate
Feminine plural of-at; fromLatin-ātae, feminine nominative plural of-ātus.
-ate (masculine singular-at,feminine singular-ată,masculine plural-ați)