Variant of-at, seen in toponyms such as Qesarat, Kastrat, Dukat, Progonat, Bushat.^[1] The[-t] and[-s] are both from similarProto-Albanian*tāi andProto-Albanian*tjā. AnIllyrian derivation.^[2]

• IPA^(key): /as/

-as m

1. used to formtoponyms;-ian

Perhaps fromProto-Celtic*-os.

• (Revived Middle Cornish)IPA^(key): /-as/

-as m (plural-asow)

1. Forms masculine nouns denoting capacity;-ful

   ‎hanaf(“cup”) + ‎-as → ‎hanafas(“cupful”)

   ‎dorn(“fist, hand”) + ‎-as → ‎dornas(“fistful, handful”)

2. Forms masculine nouns denoting the result of an action

   ‎gwia(“to weave”) + ‎-as → ‎gwias(“web”)

   ‎boks(“box; blow”) + ‎-as → ‎boksas(“flurry of blows, fisticuffs”)

   ‎mynn-(“root ofmynnes, to want”) + ‎-as → ‎mynnas(“wish, purpose, intent”)

• 2020,An Gerlyver Meur, ed. Dr Ken George (3rd edition, pp. 77, 99)

The Esperanto suffixes-as,-is,-os,-us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:

This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's:-as,-is,-os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765;-a,-i,-o without a consonant are used like Z's-as,-is,-os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had-am,-im,-om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as-um corresponds to Z's-us. —An International Language (1928)

The vowel of-as is likely cognate with the Latin present, as inamat(“s/he loves”), and the corresponding present infinitiveamāre, permitting the natural (for a European)-ant ending.i could come from past tense in Latinami,amisti.

-as

1. ending of thepresent tense inverbs.

FromProto-Finnic*-as, a variant of*-s(adjective-forming suffix), fromProto-Finno-Ugric*-s.

-as (front vowel harmony variant-äs,linguistic notation-As)

1. Forms some adjectives.
2. Forms some nouns.

Note that gradation may apply.

• sa

• IPA^(key): /a/ ~/ɑ/
• Hyphenation:-as

-as

1. second-personsingular past historic of-er

• IPA^(key): [ɒʃ]
• Rhymes:-ɒʃ

-as

2. (adjective-forming suffix)Added to anoun to form anadjective meaning "having something, a quality"; sometimes referred to asornative.

   ‎haj(“hair”) + ‎-as → ‎hajas(“covered with hair”)

4. (noun-forming suffix)Added to anoun to form an occupation or a collective noun.

   ‎fazék(“pot”) + ‎-as → ‎fazekas(“potter”)

6. (number-forming suffix)Added to anordinal number to form a digit or figure, cf.the relevant template.

   ‎három(“three”) + ‎-as → ‎hármas(“the digit or figure 3”)

• (all senses) Variants:

  -s is added to words ending in a vowel. Final-a changes to-á-. Final-e changes to-é-.

  -os is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -as is added toother back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -es is added to unrounded (andsome rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ös is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Borrowed from Esperanto-as, Latin-ās, French-es, Spanish-as.

• IPA^(key): /as/

-as

1. desinence of thepresent tense inverbs

• -is
• -os
• -ar
• -ir
• -or

• -eas(after palatal consonants)

• IPA^(key): /əsˠ/

FromOld Irish-as, fromProto-Celtic*-assus, fromProto-Indo-European*-ad-tus.

-as m

1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns

   Synonym:-achas

-as

1. Relative ending of first conjugation verbs in the present tense
2. Synthetic first person singular ending of first conjugation verbs in the past tense

-as

1. Suffix used with verbs for a place of.

• Franz Boas, Helene Boas Yampolsky & Zellig S. Harris (1947), “Kwakiutl Grammar with a Glossary of the Suffixes”, inTransactions of the American Philosophical Society‎^[3], volume37, number 3, page318

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key): [ˈaːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): [ˈas]

Bysyncope, from the earlier form-ātis. IfOscan𐌋𐌞𐌅𐌊𐌀𐌍𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔(lúvkanateís,“Lucanian”,gen. sg.) has a cognate suffix-𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔(-ateís), one can reconstructProto-Italic*-ātis.

-ās

1. Used to formgentilic adjectives with the meaning "of/from" a country or place.

In an exception to the usual Latin stress rule, Latin words ending in this suffix were generally stressed on the final syllable of their nominative singular forms in-ās because of the aforementioned syncope.

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

FromProto-Italic*-ans, fromProto-Indo-European*-éh₂ns, the accusative plural of*-éh₂.

-ās

1. accusativeplural of-a f(ending of feminine nouns)
2. accusativefeminineplural of-us(suffix forming first/second declension adjectives)

-ās

1. accusativeplural of-a m(suffix forming masculine agent nouns)

FromProto-Italic*-ās, fromProto-Indo-European*-eh₂yési.

-ās

1. second-personsingularpresentactiveindicative of-ō(first conjugation)

FromProto-Italic*-ās, fromProto-Indo-European*-éh₂(e/o)s, the genitive singular of*-éh₂. Despite the existence of a few relic survivals in fixed expressions, this ending was largely displaced already in Old Latin by-āī (formed by analogy to the second-declension genitive singular ending-ī), which evolved to the Classical Latin genitive singular ending-ae.

-ās

1. (archaic)genitivesingular of-a

   pater familiās ―master (lit. father)of the household

   TitāVendiās ―ofTita Vendia

Unclear. Possibly derived fromProto-Italic*-ās, fromProto-Indo-European*-éh₂es, the nominative/vocative plural of*-éh₂. Rather than being inherited, it has been speculated that this ending was borrowed from Oscan (another Italic language). Alternatively, possibly taken from the accusative ending.^[1]

-ās

1. (nonstandard)nominative/vocativeplural of-a

FromProto-Indo-European*-os

-as m

1. nominal suffix (ending) of the first declension of the nouns.
2. nominal suffix (ending) which indicates ademonym.

   ‎Rusija(“Russia”) + ‎-as → ‎rusas(“Russian (person)”)

-as

1. alternative form of-yssh

• “-ish,suf.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved16 June 2018.

-as

1. alternative form of-esse

• “-esse,suf.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved24 June 2018.

FromProto-Samic*-ës. Cognate ofFinnish-e,Estonian-e.

• (Kautokeino)IPA^(key): /ˈ-as/

-as

1. Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something used for performing the verb.

   ‎vuoidat(“to smear”) + ‎-as → ‎vuoiddas(“ointment”)

• This suffix triggers theweak grade on a preceding stressed syllable in the nominative singular and essive, and thestrong grade in the other forms.

Perhaps from the Proto-Germanic accusative plural ending *-anz, with regularly lost-n- before a fricative, or perhaps from the nominative plural *-ōs, a voiceless variety of the regular ending *-ōz, or a merger of both. Akin toSaterland Frisian-s,West Frisian-s,Old Saxon-os (Low German-s),Dutch-s,Swedish-ar.

• IPA^(key): /ɑs/

-as

1. Plural ending of nominative and accusative cases, originally of a-stem masculine nouns, later extended to other nouns.

   ‎hund(“dog”) + ‎-as → ‎hundas(“dogs”)

   ‎wulf(“wolf”) + ‎-as → ‎wulfas(“wolves”)

• Middle English:-es,-as,-æs(Early Middle English),-s(especiallyLate Middle English),-is,-ys(Northern, Early Scots),-us(West Midland)
  • English:-s,-es (see there for further descendants)
  • Middle Scots:-is,-s
    • Scots:-s,-es

-as(Anglian)

1. alternative form of-ast;marks the second person singular present indicative of class II weak verbs

Inherited fromLatin-ās.

-as

1. a suffix indicating thesecond-person singularpresentindicative of a verb in-ar

   ‎amar(“to love”) + ‎-as → ‎amas(“[you] love”)

   ‎cantar(“to sing”) + ‎-as → ‎cantas(“[you] sing”)

• Galician:-as
• Portuguese:-as

• -es(after palatal consonants)
• -us

FromProto-Celtic*-assus, fromProto-Indo-European*-ad-tus.

-as m

1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns

   ‎óclach(“young man”) + ‎-as → ‎óclachas(“youth”)

   ‎muinter(“family”) + ‎-as → ‎muinteras(“familiarity”)

• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909],D. A. Binchy andOsborn Bergin, transl.,A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation ofHandbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German),→ISBN,§ 261; reprinted2017

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /as/
• Rhymes:-as
• Syllabification:-as
• Homophone:as

-as m pers

1. masculine noun suffix

Inherited fromOld Galician-Portuguese-as, fromLatin-ās. CompareGalician andSpanish-as.

-as (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)

1. a suffix indicating thesecond-personsingularpresentindicative of-ar

   ‎amar(“to love”) + ‎-as → ‎amas(“[you] love”)

   ‎cantar(“to sing”) + ‎-as → ‎cantas(“[you] sing”)

• -es

Inherited fromOld Galician-Portuguese-as, a merger ofLatin-ās (used with residual third conjugation non-i-stem verbs) withLatin-eās (used with Proto-Romance verbs in-ēre, which merged Latin second and third conjugation verbs) andLatin-iās (used with Proto-Romance verbs in-īre). Thee/i in hiatus would have disappeared after palatalizing the previous consonant, which survives in some irregular verbs but has largely been analogically eliminated. CompareGalician andSpanish-as.

-as (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)

1. a suffix indicating thesecond-personsingularpresentsubjunctive of-er

   ‎correr(“to run”) + ‎-as → ‎corras(“that you run”)

2. a suffix indicating thesecond-personsingularpresentsubjunctive of-ir

   ‎pedir(“to ask for”) + ‎-as → ‎peças(“that you ask for”)

• -es

FromLatin-ās, the second-person singular present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

-as

1. suffix indicating thesecond-person singularpresentindicative of-ar.

FromLatin-eās,Latin-ās, andLatin-iās, the second-person singular present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

-as

1. suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of-er verbs and-ir verbs

• -es

-as

1. alternative form of-s(“adverbial suffix”)

• påsk inSvenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

• sa

• IPA^(key): /as/

-as f

1. Forms abstract nouns.

   ‎teyrn(“monarch, king”) + ‎-as → ‎teyrnas(“kingdom”)

   ‎bardd(“poet”) + ‎-as → ‎barddas(“poetry”)

   ‎urdd(“order, guild”) + ‎-as → ‎urddas(“honour, dignity”)

Cognate withCornish-as.

-as

1. (South Wales)(colloquial)verb suffix for thethird-personsingularpreterite

   Synonyms:-odd,-ws

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-as”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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