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-ar

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "ar"
Languages (26)
English
Abau • Aromanian • Azerbaijani • Basque • Catalan • Franco-Provençal • Galician • German • Ido • Interlingua • Latin • Middle English • Ngarrindjeri • Norwegian Nynorsk • Occitan • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old Norse • Portuguese • Romanian • Serbo-Croatian • Slovene • Spanish • Swedish • Turkish • Welsh
Page categories

English

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Etymology 1

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FromLatin-āris(of, pertaining to). Distantdoublet of-al.

Suffix

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-ar

  1. Of, near, or pertaining to;adjective suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.
    Synonyms:-al,-an,-ary,-ese,-ic,-id,-ish,-like,-oid,-ory,-ous,-y
    alveolus + ‎-ar → ‎alveolar
    lobe + ‎-ar → ‎lobar
Usage notes
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See usage notes at-al.

Derived terms
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Translations
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of, near, or pertaining to

Etymology 2

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Inherited fromMiddle English-ar,-er,-arie, fromLatin-ārius andOld French-aire.Doublet of-ary,-eer,-yer, and-ier.

Suffix

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-ar

  1. (nonproductive)Ending of someagent nouns inherited from Middle English borrowed from Old French or Medieval Latin
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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FromMiddle English-ar,-are, variant ofMiddle English-ere, fromOld English-ere. More at-er.

Suffix

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-ar

  1. (nonproductive)Ending of someagent nouns inherited from Middle English.

Etymology 4

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Clipping ofstar; modelled after the earlier coinagespulsar andquasar.

Suffix

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-ar

  1. (astronomy) Used to form names ofstar types.
Coordinate terms
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Derived terms
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Anagrams

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Abau

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ar

  1. (intensifier)very;real

References

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  • SIL International (2020), “Abau Dictionary”, inWebonary.org[1]

Aromanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromLatin-ārius,-ārium. CompareDaco-Romanian-ar.

Suffix

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-ar m

  1. suffix used to denote aprofession orcraft

Derived terms

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Azerbaijani

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Suffix

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preceding vowel
a / ı / o / ue / ə / i̇ / ö / ü
postconsonantal-ar-ər
postvocalic-yar-yər

-ar

  1. Postconsonantal form of-ər after the vowels A / I / O / U.

Basque

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Etymology 1

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Suffix

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-ar

  1. alternative form of-tar(demonym-forming suffix)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Fromar(male).

Suffix

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-ar

  1. male(animals)
    katu(cat) + ‎-ar → ‎katar(tomcat)

Etymology 3

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Suffix

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-ar

  1. [withverbal noun]about to
    Itxaron, bukatzear nago.Wait, I'll finishin a moment.

Further reading

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  • -ar” inLabayru Hiztegia

Catalan

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromLatin-āris(of, pertaining to).

Pronunciation

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(adjective)

(noun)

Suffix

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-ar m orf (adjective-forming suffix,masculine and feminine plural-ars)

  1. -ar;forms adjectives of one form indicating that the noun that is modified by the adjective is pertaining to the root word used to form the adjective

Suffix

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-ar m (noun-forming suffix,plural-ars)

  1. forms nouns indicating where a given crop is grown
    taronger(orange tree) + ‎-ar → ‎tarongerar(orange grove)
  2. forms nouns indicating where something is usually found
    canyís(common reed) + ‎-ar → ‎canyissar(reed bed)

Etymology 2

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Inherited fromLatin-āre (first conjugation present active infinitive). The endings of the first and second person plurals come from the Latin second conjugation (1P-em < Lat.-ēmus with loss of the final-us, 2P-eu < Lat.-ētis with loss of the final S); older versions of Catalan had-am (from Latin-āmus with loss of the final-us; the expected ending would be*-amos or*-ames) as the first person plural, and-au (from Latin-ātis with loss of the final S; the expected ending would be*-aus or*-ats) as the second person plural. The third person plural ending-en replaced-ānt due to the stress being pulled to the end in-an, while the second person singular ending-es was affected by natural sound development.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ar (verb-forming suffix,first-person singular present-o,first-person singular preterite,past participle-at)

  1. formsfirst conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word
    col·lecció(collection) + ‎-ar → ‎col·leccionar(to collect)
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of-ar (first conjugation)
infinitive-ar
gerund-ant
past participlemasculinefeminine
singular-at-ada
plural-ats-ades
personsingularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativejotuell/ella
vostè
nosaltres
nós
vosaltres
vós
ells/elles
vostès
present-o-es-a-em-eu-en
imperfect-ava-aves-ava-àvem-àveu-aven
future-aré-aràs-arà-arem-areu-aran
preterite-ares-àrem-àreu-aren
conditional-aria-aries-aria-aríem-aríeu-arien
subjunctivejotuell/ella
vostè
nosaltres
nós
vosaltres
vós
ells/elles
vostès
present-i-is-i-em-eu-in
imperfect-és-essis-és-éssim-éssiu-essin
imperativetuvostènosaltresvosaltres
vós
vostès
affirmative-a-i-em-eu-in
negative (no)no-isno-ino-emno-euno-in

In older versions of Catalan, the second person endings for the preterite were-ast in the singular and-às in the plural.

Derived terms
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Further reading

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Franco-Provençal

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLatin-āre.

Suffix

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-ar(ORB, broad)

  1. Forms first-conjugation verbs.

Derived terms

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Galician

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Etymology 1

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FromLatin-āris(of, pertaining to).

Suffix

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-ar m orf (adjective-forming suffix,plural-ares)

  1. -ar;forms relational adjectives from nouns
    molécula(molecule) + ‎-ar → ‎molecular(molecular)

Etymology 2

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FromLatin-āre.

Suffix

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-ar (verb-forming suffix,first-person singular present-o,first-person singular preterite-ei,past participle-ado)

  1. forms first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word
    fragmento(fragment) + ‎-ar → ‎fragmentar(to fragment)
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of-ar
SingularPlural
First-person
(eu)
Second-person
(ti)
Third-person
(el /ela /Vde.)
First-person
(nós)
Second-person
(vós)
Third-person
(eles /elas /Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal-ar
Personal-ar-ares-ar-armos-ardes-aren
Gerund
-ando
Past participle
Masculine-ado-ados
Feminine-ada-adas
Indicative
Present-o-as-a-amos-ades-an
Imperfect-aba-abas-aba-abamos-abades-aban
Preterite-ei-aches-ou-amos-astes-aron
Pluperfect-ara-aras-ara-aramos-arades-aran
Future-arei-arás-ará-aremos-aredes-arán
Conditional-aría-arías-aría-ariamos-ariades-arían
Subjunctive
Present-e-es-e-emos-edes-en
Imperfect-ase-ases-ase-ásemos-ásedes-asen
Future-ar-ares-ar-armos-ardes-aren
Imperative
Affirmative-a-e-emos-ade-en
Negative (non)non-esnon-enon-emosnon-edesnon-en
Derived terms
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German

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Etymology

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FromLatin-arius.Doublet of-er and-är.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ar

  1. -ary
    Mission + ‎-ar → ‎Missionar

Ido

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French-erItalian-areSpanish-ar, fromLatin-āre.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ar

  1. This ending denotes the presentinfinitive form of averb.
    Me volas komprar ca objekto.I want to buy this thing.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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  • -ir(past infinitive tense)
  • -or(future infinitive tense)

Interlingua

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Suffix

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-ar

  1. Added to a noun root word, this forms a verb meaning to apply or make use of the root.
  2. Added to an adjectival root word, this forms a verb meaning to render/make (adjective) the object of the verb.

See also

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Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From the recurrentsubstantivation ofapocopated adjectives in-āre, thenominativeneutersingular ending of-āris, a dissimilated variant of-ālis. Compare the nominal suffixes-ārium,-ium and-cum (among others), all derived from the neuter stem of adjective-forming suffixes.

Suffix

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-ar n (genitive-āris);third declension

  1. noun-forming suffix

Usage notes

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Only appears attached to bases that contain /l/: other bases get the suffix-al instead. Although the suffix-ārium n is etymologically distinct, a number of nouns show variation between the two endings, likely facilitated by the fact that they share the same form (-āria) in the nominative/accusative plural.

Declension

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Third-declension noun (neuter, pure i-stem).

singularplural
nominative-ar-āria
genitive-āris-ārium
dative-ārī-āribus
accusative-ar-āria
ablative-ārī-āribus
vocative-ar-āria

Derived terms

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Middle English

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Suffix

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-ar

  1. alternative form of-ere(agentive suffix)

Ngarrindjeri

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Suffix

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-ar

  1. Suffix meaningmany and used to denote a plural.
    mimini(woman) + ‎-ar → ‎miminar(women)

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norse-ar, the nominative plural ending for masculine a-stem and feminine o-stem nouns.

Suffix

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-ar m orf

  1. Used to formregularindefiniteplurals of mostmasculinenouns.
    gut(boy) + ‎-ar → ‎gutar(boys)
  2. Used to formregularindefiniteplurals of somefemininenouns.
    gjerning(act) + ‎-ar → ‎gjerningar(acts)

See also

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Etymology 2

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FromOld Norse-ar, the genitive singular ending for strong feminine nouns and masculine i- and u-stem nouns.

Alternative forms

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Interfix

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-ar m orf

  1. Used to formindefinitegenitivesingulars of strongfemininenouns and some strongmasculinenouns, used in frozen expressions.
    Ein fredar mann.A peaceful man/person.

Etymology 3

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FromOld Norse-ari.

Alternative forms

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Suffix

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-ar m

  1. Used to form nouns from verbs, a person who performs the action of the verb.
    Ein som lever av å baka, er ein bakar.One who makes his living baking is a baker.

Etymology 4

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FromOld Norse-arr, fromProto-Germanic*harjaz(warrior),*warjaz(defender) and*gaizaz(spear).

Suffix

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-ar m

  1. A name suffix, meaning warrior, guardian or spear

Occitan

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Etymology

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FromOld Occitan-ar, fromLatin-āre, infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ar

  1. Suffix of verbs of the first conjugation

Conjugation

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    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)
simplecompound
infinitive-araver-at
gerund-antuse gerund ofaver + past participle
past participle-at
personsingularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativeieutuelnosautresvosautreseles
present-i-as-a-am-atz-an
imperfect-avi-avas-ava-àvem-àvetz-avan
preterite-èri-ères-èt-èrem-èretz-èron
future-arai-aràs-arà-arem-aretz-aràn
conditional-ariái-ariás-ariá-ariam-ariatz-arián
conditional 2nd form1-èra-èras-èra-eram-eratz-èran
compound
tenses
present perfectuse the present tense ofaver + past participle
pluperfectuse the imperfect tense ofaver + past participle
past anterioruse the preterite tense ofaver + past participle
future perfectuse the future tense ofaver + past participle
conditional perfectuse the conditional tense ofaver + past participle
subjunctiveque ieuque tuque elque nosautresque vosautresque eles
present-e-es-e-em-etz-en
imperfect-èssi-èsses-èsse-èssem-èssetz-èsson
compound
tenses
pastuse the present subjunctive ofaver + past participle
pluperfectuse the imperfect subjunctive ofaver + past participle
imperativetunosautresvosautres
-a-em-atz1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Auvernhàs
simplecompound
infinitive-araver-at
gerund-antuse gerund ofaver + past participle
past participle-at
personsingularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativeieutuelnosautresvosautreseles
present-e-es-a-am-atz-on
imperfect-ave-aves-ava-aviam-aviatz-avon
preterite-ere-eres-et-em-etz-eron
future-arai-aràs-ará-arem-aretz-arán
conditional-ariá-ariás-ariá-ariam-ariatz-arián
conditional 2nd form1-èra-èras-èra-eram-eratz-èran
compound
tenses
present perfectuse the present tense ofaver + past participle
pluperfectuse the imperfect tense ofaver + past participle
past anterioruse the preterite tense ofaver + past participle
future perfectuse the future tense ofaver + past participle
conditional perfectuse the conditional tense ofaver + past participle
subjunctiveque ieuque tuque elque nosautresque vosautresque eles
present-e-es-e-assiam-assiatz-on
imperfect-esse-esses-esse-essiam-essiatz-esson
compound
tenses
pastuse the present subjunctive ofaver + past participle
pluperfectuse the imperfect subjunctive ofaver + past participle
imperativetunosautresvosautres
-a-assiam-atz1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Gascon
simplecompound
infinitive-araver-at
gerund-antuse gerund ofaver + past participle
past participle-at
personsingularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativeieutuelnosautresvosautreseles
present-i-as-a-am-atz-an
imperfect-avi-avas-ava-àvam-àvatz-avan
preterite-èi-ès-èm-ètz-èn
future-arèi-aràs-arà-aram-aratz-aràn
conditional-arí-arés-aré-arem-aretz-arén
conditional 2nd form1-èra-èras-èra-eram-eratz-èran
compound
tenses
present perfectuse the present tense ofaver + past participle
pluperfectuse the imperfect tense ofaver + past participle
past anterioruse the preterite tense ofaver + past participle
future perfectuse the future tense ofaver + past participle
conditional perfectuse the conditional tense ofaver + past participle
subjunctiveque ieuque tuque elque nosautresque vosautresque eles
present-i-es-e-em-etz-en
imperfect-èssi-èsses-èsse-èssem-èssetz-èssen
compound
tenses
pastuse the present subjunctive ofaver + past participle
pluperfectuse the imperfect subjunctive ofaver + past participle
imperativetunosautresvosautres
-a-em-atz1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Lemosin
simplecompound
infinitive-araver-at
gerund-antuse gerund ofaver + past participle
past participle-at
personsingularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativeieutuelnosautresvosautreseles
present-e-as-a-am-atz-an
imperfect-ava-avas-ava-àvam-àvatz-avan
preterite-ei-eras-et-èram-èratz-eran
future-arai-aràs-ará-arem-aretz-arán
conditional-ariá-ariàs-ariá-ariam-ariatz-arián
conditional 2nd form1-èra-èras-èra-eram-eratz-èran
compound
tenses
present perfectuse the present tense ofaver + past participle
pluperfectuse the imperfect tense ofaver + past participle
past anterioruse the preterite tense ofaver + past participle
future perfectuse the future tense ofaver + past participle
conditional perfectuse the conditional tense ofaver + past participle
subjunctiveque ieuque tuque elque nosautresque vosautresque eles
present-e-es-e-em-etz-en
imperfect-èsse-èsses-èsse-èssem-èssetz-èssen
compound
tenses
pastuse the present subjunctive ofaver + past participle
pluperfectuse the imperfect subjunctive ofaver + past participle
imperativetunosautresvosautres
-a-em-atz1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Provençau
simplecompound
infinitive-araver-at
gerund-antuse gerund ofaver + past participle
past participle-at
personsingularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativeieutuelnosautresvosautreseles
present-e-es-a-am-atz-an
imperfect-avi-avas-ava-àvem-àvetz-avan
preterite-ère-ères-èt-eriam-eriatz-èron
future-arai-aràs-arà-arem-aretz-aràn
conditional-ariáu-ariás-ariá-ariam-ariatz-arián
conditional 2nd form1-èra-èras-èra-eram-eratz-èran
compound
tenses
present perfectuse the present tense ofaver + past participle
pluperfectuse the imperfect tense ofaver + past participle
past anterioruse the preterite tense ofaver + past participle
future perfectuse the future tense ofaver + past participle
conditional perfectuse the conditional tense ofaver + past participle
subjunctiveque ieuque tuque elque nosautresque vosautresque eles
present-e-es-e-em-etz-an
imperfect-èsse-èsses-èsse-essiam-essiatz-èsson
compound
tenses
pastuse the present subjunctive ofaver + past participle
pluperfectuse the imperfect subjunctive ofaver + past participle
imperativetunosautresvosautres
-a-em-atz1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Old Galician-Portuguese

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Etymology 1

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  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Italic*-āzi
    Proto-Indo-European*-os
    Latin-āre
    Old Galician-Portuguese-ar

    Inherited fromLatin-āre, infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar

    1. forms verbs from nouns or adjectives — forms regular first-conjugation verbs in the impersonalinfinitive
    2. forms the first-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
    3. forms the third-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
    Conjugation
    [edit]
        Conjugation of-ar
    infinitive-ar
    gerundsimple-ando
    compoundgerund ofhaver ortẽer1 + past participle
    past participlesingularplural
    masculine-ado-ados
    feminine-ada-adas
    present participle-ante-antes
    personsingularplural
    firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
    indicative moodeu
    ei
    tuel~ele
    ela
    nos
    nos outros
    nos outras
    vos
    vos outros
    vos outras
    eles
    elas
    simple
    tenses
    present-o-as-a-amos-ades,-aes,-ais,-aas,-ás-an
    imperfect-ava-avas-ava-avamos,-ávamos-avades,-ávades,-ávaes,-ávais,-ávees,-áveis-avan
    preterite-ei-aste,-asche,-ache-ou-amos-astes-aron
    pluperfect-ara-aras-ara-aramos,-áramos-arades,-árades,-áraes,-árais,-árees,-áreis-aran
    future-arei-arás-ará-aremos-aredes,-arees,-areis,-arês-arán
    conditional-aria-arias-aria-ariamos,-aríamos-ariades,-aríades,-aríaes,-aríais,-aríees,-aríeis-arian
    compound
    tenses
    present perfectpresent ofhaver ortẽer1 + past participle
    pluperfectimperfect ofhaver ortẽer1 + past participle
    past anteriorpreterite ofhaver ortẽer1 + past participle
    pluperfect anteriorsimple pluperfect ofhaver ortẽer1 + past participle
    future perfectfuture ofhaver ortẽer1 + past participle
    conditional perfectconditional ofhaver ortẽer1 + past participle
    subjunctive moodeu
    ei
    tuel~ele
    ela
    nos
    nos outros
    nos outras
    vos
    vos outros
    vos outras
    eles
    elas
    simple
    tenses
    present-e-es-e-emos-edes,-ees,-eis,-ês-en
    imperfect-asse-asses-asse-assemos,-ássemos-assedes,-ássedes,-ássees,-ásseis-assen
    future-ar-ares-ar-armos-ardes-aren
    compound
    tenses
    present perfectpresent subjunctive ofhaver ortẽer1 + past participle
    pluperfectimperfect subjunctive ofhaver ortẽer1 + past participle
    future perfectfuture subjunctive ofhaver ortẽer1 + past participle
    imperative moodtunos
    nos outros
    nos outras
    vos
    vos outros
    vos outras
    affirmative-a-emos-ade,-ae,-ai
    negativenon-esnon-emosnon-edes,non-ees,non-eis,non-ês
    personal infinitiveeu
    ei
    tuel~ele
    ela
    nos
    nos outros
    nos outras
    vos
    vos outros
    vos outras
    eles
    elas
    -ar-ares-ar-armos-ardes-aren
    1teer and “ter were also used, although all three were less common thanhaver.
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    Descendants
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Italic*-ālis
    Latin-ālis
    Old Galician-Portuguese-ar

    Learned borrowing fromLatin-āre.

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar

    1. forms adjectives from nouns
      capitulo(ecclesiastical chapter) + ‎-ar → ‎capitular(capitular)
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    CategoryOld Galician-Portuguese terms suffixed with -ar (adjective) not found
    Descendants
    [edit]

    Old Norse

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    Request for audio pronunciationThis entry needs anaudio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, pleaserecord this word. The recorded pronunciationwill appear here when it's ready.

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar

    1. plural(clarification of this definition is needed.)
    2. genitive(Can we add anexample for this sense? )

    Portuguese

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]
  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Italic*-āzi
    Proto-Indo-European*-os
    Latin-āre
    Old Galician-Portuguese-ar
    Portuguese-ar

    Inherited fromOld Galician-Portuguese-ar, fromLatin-āre, infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
     
     

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar (verb-forming suffix,first-person singular present-o,first-person singular preterite-ei,past participle-ado)

    1. forms verbs from nouns or adjectives — forms regular first-conjugation verbs in the impersonalinfinitive
      asfalto(asphalt) + ‎-ar → ‎asfaltar(to asphalt)
      diálogo(dialogue) + ‎-ar → ‎dialogar(to dialogue)
    2. forms the first-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
    3. forms the third-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
    Usage notes
    [edit]

    The following ending(s) change(s) in words appended with this suffix:

    • -ição (being part of a hiatus in feminine nouns, including plurals) →-(i)cion-
    • -ção,-são (in feminine nouns, including plurals) →-cion-,-sion-
    • -ão (as a non-verb suffix, including plurals) →-on-
    • -ã(o)- (including plurals) →-(i)an-,-am-, or-(i)on-, depending on the base word's etymology
    • -m (including plurals) →-n-
    • -z (in some nouns from Latin, including plurals) →-c(i)-
    • -vel (unstressed and adjectival, including plurals) →-bili-
    • -z (adjectival, including plurals) →-ci-
    • -dade (as a noun suffix, including plurals) →-t-
    Conjugation
    [edit]
        Conjugation of-ar (SeeAppendix:Portuguese verbs)
    SingularPlural
    First-person
    (eu)
    Second-person
    (tu)
    Third-person
    (ele /ela /você)
    First-person
    (nós)
    Second-person
    (vós)
    Third-person
    (eles /elas /vocês)
    Infinitive
    Impersonal-ar
    Personal-ar-ares-ar-armos-ardes-arem
    Gerund
    -ando
    Past participle
    Masculine-ado-ados
    Feminine-ada-adas
    Indicative
    Present-o-as-a-amos-ais-am
    Imperfect-ava-avas-ava-ávamos-áveis-avam
    Preterite-ei-aste-ou-amos1,-ámos2-astes-aram
    Pluperfect-ara-aras-ara-áramos-áreis-aram
    Future-arei-arás-ará-aremos-areis-arão
    Conditional-aria-arias-aria-aríamos-aríeis-ariam
    Subjunctive
    Present-e-es-e-emos-eis-em
    Imperfect-asse-asses-asse-ássemos-ásseis-assem
    Future-ar-ares-ar-armos-ardes-arem
    Imperative
    Affirmative-a-e-emos-ai-em
    Negative (não)não-esnão-enão-emosnão-eisnão-em

    1Brazilian Portuguese.
    2European Portuguese.

    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Italic*-ālis
    Latin-ālis
    Old Galician-Portuguese-ar
    Portuguese-ar

    FromOld Galician-Portuguese-ar, fromLatināre.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
     
     

    • Rhymes:(Portugal, São Paulo)-aɾ,(Brazil)-aʁ

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar m orf (adjective-forming suffix,plural-ares)

    1. alternative form of-al
    Usage notes
    [edit]

    See usage notes at-al.

    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Romanian

    [edit]

    Alternative forms

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]
  • Etymology tree
    Latin-ārius
    Romanian-ar

    Inherited fromLatin-ārium, accusative of-ārius.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar m (plural-ari)

    1. Added to a word to denote aprofession orcraft;-er
      roată(wheel) + ‎-ar → ‎rotar(wheeler)
      oală(pot) + ‎-ar → ‎olar(potter)
      fier(iron) + ‎-ar → ‎fierar(blacksmith)
      vacă(cow) + ‎-ar → ‎văcar(cowherd)
      porc(pig) + ‎-ar → ‎porcar(swineherd)

    Declension

    [edit]
    Declension of-ar
    singularplural
    indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
    nominative-accusative-ar-arul-ari-arii
    genitive-dative-ar-arului-ari-arilor
    vocative-arule-arilor

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    See also

    [edit]

    Serbo-Croatian

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Inherited fromProto-Slavic*-ařь.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    IPA(key): /aːr/

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar (Cyrillic spelling-ар)

    1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, a person who does something, or an animal who does something.

    Usage notes

    [edit]

    Nouns with this ending may use either the non-palatal declension (Vsg.-e,Isg.-om) or the palatal declension (Vsg.-u,Isg.-em), e.g.spekarom ors pekarem.

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    • Browne, Wayles (1993), “Serbo-Croat”, in Comrie, Bernard, Corbett, Greville G., editors,The Slavonic Languages, London and New York: Routledge, page320
    • Babić, Stjepan (2002),Tvorba riječi u hrvatskome književnome jeziku, 3rd revised edition, Zagreb: HAZU, page(s) 122, § 321

    Slovene

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromProto-Slavic*-ařь.

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar m

    1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun.

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    Spanish

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): /ˈaɾ/[ˈaɾ]
    • Rhymes:-aɾ
    • Syllabification:-ar

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    Inherited fromLatin-āris.

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar m orf (adjective-forming suffix,masculine and feminine plural-ares)

    1. indicatesmembership orstatus
      gránulo(granule) + ‎-ar → ‎granular(granular)
      testículo(testicle) + ‎-ar → ‎testicular(testicular)

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar m (noun-forming suffix,plural-ares)

    1. indicates a place where something is grown
      Synonym:-al
      anís(anise) + ‎-ar → ‎anisar(anise field)
      haba(bean) + ‎-ar → ‎habar(bean patch)
      sandía(watermelon) + ‎-ar → ‎sandiar(watermelon patch)

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Italic*-āzi
    Proto-Indo-European*-os
    Latin-āre
    Spanish-ar

    Inherited fromLatin-āre(first conjugation infinitive suffix).

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar (verb-forming suffix,first-person singular present-o,first-person singular preterite,past participle-ado)

    1. forms first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word
      programa(program) + ‎-ar → ‎programar(to schedule)
    Conjugation
    [edit]
        Conjugation of-ar (SeeAppendix:Spanish verbs)
    infinitive-ar
    gerund-ando
    past participlemasculinefeminine
    singular-ado-ada
    plural-ados-adas
    singularplural
    1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
    indicativeyo
    vos
    él/ella/ello
    usted
    nosotros
    nosotras
    vosotros
    vosotras
    ellos/ellas
    ustedes
    present-o-as
    -ásvos
    -a-amos-áis-an
    imperfect-aba-abas-aba-ábamos-abais-aban
    preterite-aste-amos-asteis-aron
    future-aré-arás-ará-aremos-aréis-arán
    conditional-aría-arías-aría-aríamos-aríais-arían
    subjunctiveyo
    vos
    él/ella/ello
    usted
    nosotros
    nosotras
    vosotros
    vosotras
    ellos/ellas
    ustedes
    present-e-es
    -ésvos2
    -e-emos-éis-en
    imperfect
    (ra)
    -ara-aras-ara-áramos-arais-aran
    imperfect
    (se)
    -ase-ases-ase-ásemos-aseis-asen
    future1-are-ares-are-áremos-areis-aren
    imperative
    vos
    ustednosotros
    nosotras
    vosotros
    vosotras
    ustedes
    affirmative-a
    vos
    -e-emos-ad-en
    negativeno-esno-eno-emosno-éisno-en

    1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
    2Argentine and Uruguayanvoseo prefers the form for the present subjunctive.

        Selected combined forms of-ar

    These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

    singularplural
    1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
    with infinitive-ardative-arme-arte-arle,-arse-arnos-aros-arles,-arse
    accusative-arme-arte-arlo,-arla,-arse-arnos-aros-arlos,-arlas,-arse
    with gerund-andodative-ándome-ándote-ándole,-ándose-ándonos-ándoos-ándoles,-ándose
    accusative-ándome-ándote-ándolo,-ándola,-ándose-ándonos-ándoos-ándolos,-ándolas,-ándose
    with informal second-person singular imperative-adative-ame-ate-ale-anosnot used-ales
    accusative-ame-ate-alo,-ala-anosnot used-alos,-alas
    with informal second-person singularvos imperativedative-ame-ate-ale-anosnot used-ales
    accusative-ame-ate-alo,-ala-anosnot used-alos,-alas
    with formal second-person singular imperative-edative-emenot used-ele,-ese-enosnot used-eles
    accusative-emenot used-elo,-ela,-ese-enosnot used-elos,-elas
    with first-person plural imperative-emosdativenot used-émoste-émosle-émonos-émoos-émosles
    accusativenot used-émoste-émoslo,-émosla-émonos-émoos-émoslos,-émoslas
    with informal second-person plural imperative-addative-admenot used-adle-adnos-aos-adles
    accusative-admenot used-adlo,-adla-adnos-aos-adlos,-adlas
    with formal second-person plural imperative-endative-enmenot used-enle-ennosnot used-enles,-ense
    accusative-enmenot used-enlo,-enla-ennosnot used-enlos,-enlas,-ense

    Related terms

    [edit]

    See also

    [edit]

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Swedish

    [edit]

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar

    1. Suffix for theindefinite plural form of nouns of the second declension.
    2. Suffix for thepresent tense, active voice, indicative mood for the absolute majority of Swedish verbs.

    Usage notes

    [edit]
    • For verbs, it is more customary to identify the -a of this 'suffix' as belonging to the stem of the verb, and thus only consider-r to be the suffix. However, the verbs which in present tense ends in the letters-ar are commonly called-ar-verbs, as to differentiate them from-er-verbs and verbs which don't end in -a in infinitive.
    • See also the usage notes for-r.

    Turkish

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    Form of-er after the vowels A / I / O / U.

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar

    1. Simple present and aorist tense marker.

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    Form of-er after the vowels A / I / O / U.

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar

    1. Makes adjectives out of verbs.
    2. Makes nouns out of verbs.

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    Post-consonantal form of-er after the vowels A / I / O / U.

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar

    1. Derivesdistributive numbers.

    Etymology 4

    [edit]

    FromOttoman Turkishـر(-r, -er, -ar), fromProto-Turkic*-gar.[1]

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar

    1. Derives intransitive verbs from names of colors.
      kara(black) + ‎-ar → ‎kararmak(to turn black, to darken)
      ak(white, light) + ‎-ar → ‎ağarmak(to turn white, to whiten)
      mor(purple) + ‎-ar → ‎morarmak(to turn purple, to bruise)
    2. Derives transitive verbs from nouns.
      ev(home, house) + ‎-er → ‎evermek(to marry off)
      ön(front, ahead) + ‎-er → ‎önermek(to put forward, to propose)

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–),"+gAr-" - inNişanyan Sözlük

    Welsh

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromProto-Brythonic*-ar, fromProto-Celtic*-aros, fromProto-Indo-European*-Hrós.[1] (Seebyddar(deaf).)

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Suffix

    [edit]

    -ar

    1. adjectival suffix
      cynt(before, earlier) + ‎-ar → ‎cynnar(early)
      diwedd(end) + ‎-ar → ‎diweddar(late)

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^Morris Jones, John (1913),A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press,§ 153 i (4)

    Further reading

    [edit]
    • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ar”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=-ar&oldid=87162628"
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