-ian ( euphonic variant, also spelled -aean or -æan ) -n ( when added to a word ending ina ) FromMiddle English -an -ain -ein -en Old French -ain -ein i ,-en French -ain -en -aine -enne Latin -ānus -āna -nus Ancient Greek -νος ( -nos ) ] preceded by a vowel, fromProto-Indo-European *-nós English -en -in -ine
-an (adjective-forming suffix ,comparative more-an ,superlative most-an )-an (noun-forming suffix ,plural -ans
Of or pertaining to;an adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form .( Often added to words of Latin origin, but also used with words of other origins. When a word ends ina ,-n ) Synonyms: -al -ar -ese -esque -ic -id -ish -like -oid -ous -y Rome -an → Roman Appended to nouns to form anagent noun .( When males with a profession are distinguished from females, males are-an , females-(i)enne . ) comedy -an → comedian history -an → historian preceding vowel a / ı / o / u e / ə / i̇ / ö / ü postconsonantal -an -ən postvocalic -yan -yən
-an
Postconsonantal form of-ən FromProto-Philippine *-an Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an Proto-Austronesian *-an
-an (verb-forming suffix ,inchoative gi- -an contemplative -an imperative -i negative -i
locative trigger verb suffix ; todo at, in, on aplace palitan nako ang tindahan og kendi I will buy candy at the store( store is focused.) directive verb suffix ; to do at,towards someone gikataw-an niya ang lalaki ―he laughed at the man partitive verb suffix ; to do to apart of somethinggikuhaan niyag gamay ang keyk ―he took a little of the cake. benefactive trigger verb suffix ; to dosomething for someone/somethingelse palitan nako ang bata og keyk I will buy cake for the child( child is focused.) causative verb affix ; to dobecause of ,due to unsay gihilakan nimo? ―What is it you are crying about? ( with adjective bases ) consider something aslisoran siya mag-Tinagalog ―He finds speaking in Tagalog hard ( with noun bases ) put something on someone; togive someoneserohan ta ka ―I will give you a zero sapatosan nako ang bata ―I will put shoes on the child -an (noun-forming suffix )
( added to nouns and verbs ) indicates a place where such objects are found, placed, or action done Synonyms: -anan ka- -an humay ( “ rice ” ) + -an → humayan ( “ rice paddy ” ) tinda ( “ to sell ” ) + -an → tindahan ( “ store ” ) tuba ( “ palm toddy ” ) + -an → tubaan ( “ place where toddy is sold ” ) basketbol -an → basketbolan ( “ basketball court ” ) ( uncommon ) indicates an object used as an instrument Synonym: pang- baid ( “ to sharpen ” ) + -an → bairan ( “ whetstone ” ) -an (adjective-forming suffix )
( added to nouns ) characterized by having something in abundance ;-ful utok ( “ brain ” ) + -an → utokan ( “ brainy ” ) kuwarta ( “ money ” ) + -an → kuwartahan ( “ rich ” ) ( uncommon , added to adjectives or verbs) characterized by being or doing such ;-ly Synonyms: -on -anon talaw ( “ to back off ” ) + -an → talawan ( “ cowardly ” ) langas ( “ moving about a lot ” ) + -an → langasan ( same meaning ) John U. Wolff (1972 ),A dictionary of Cebuano Visayan [1] 41 FromProto-Philippine *-an Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an Proto-Austronesian *-an
-an
a place where a large quantity of the thing meant by the root is put, planted, or can be foundbasura ( “ trash ” ) + -an → basurahan ( “ trash can ” ) a place where the action expressed by the root is performedkawat ( “ play ” ) + -an → kawatan ( “ playground ” ) -an
( added to possessive nouns ) his ,hers ,its FromMiddle High German -en Old High German -an -ōn -en -ien -nen Proto-Germanic *-aną *-ōną *-janą *-āną *-naną German -en
-an
A suffix of all verbs in their infinitive form. FromProto-Celtic *-agnos Welsh -an
-an
diminutive suffix Inherited fromOld Czech -ěnín
-an m anim noun-forming suffix ,female equivalent -anka
forms nouns, including inhabitant names -an inSlovník afixů užívaných v češtině , 2017Ultimately fromLatin -anus
-an
-an making a noun, describing aperson orcharacteristic -an → human -an → sopran ( organic chemistry ) suffix used foracyclic saturated hydrocarbons (methane ,ethane , etc.). From earlier-han -hVn ( now dialectal ) , fromProto-Finnic *-hën *-sën ( passive or reflexive suffix ) , the same as the third-person singular possessive suffix (see the possessive suffix entry on-Vn -ta- is from the passive marker*-tta-
-an (front vowel harmony variant -än linguistic notation -An )
( personal ) Forms theimpersonal indicative present forms of verbs, appended to the first infinitive. Attached to the passive verb stem.
See-Vn ( illative suffix ) .
-an (front vowel harmony variant -än linguistic notation -An )
( case suffix ) A suffix variant for the illative singular, see-Vn laiva -an → laivaan See-Vn ( possessive suffix ) .
-an (front vowel harmony variant -än linguistic notation -An )
( possessive ) A variant for the third-person suffix-nsa See the usage notes under-Vn -nsa
-an
( Pulaar ) indicates that the subject is doing the verb for someone or something defde ( “ to cook ” ) + -an → defande ( “ to cook for someone ” ) M. Niang (1997 ),Pulaar-English English-Pulaar Standard Dictionary , New York: Hippocrene Books FromLatin -ānus
-an n genitive -ans plural -ane
( organic chemistry ) -ane (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-an
( deadjectival adverb-forming suffix) Added to anadjective to create anadverb . However, it cannot be added to adjectives suffixed with-i ,-beli ,-nyi ,-tlan -talan ,-atlan . pontos ( “ accurate ” ) + -an → pontosan ( “ accurately ” ) ( denumeral anddepronominal adverb-forming suffix) Added to anumeral or apronoun with this sense to create anadverb , expressing the number of people. hat ( “ six ” ) + -an → hatan ( “ six people, six of us/you/them ” ) Hatan mentünk moziba.Six of us went to the cinema.nyolc ( “ eight ” ) + -an → nyolcan ( “ eight people, eight of us/you/them ” ) Nyolcan vannak a szobában.There areeight people in the room. hány ( “ how many ” ) + -an → hányan ( “ how many (of us/you/them) ” ) néhány ( “ some, a few ” ) + -an → néhányan ( “ some (of us/you/them) ” ) sok ( “ many ” ) + -an → sokan ( “ many (of us/you/them) ” ) Sokan vannak a meghívottak, de kevesen a választottak.Formany are called, but few are chosen. millió ( “ million ” ) + -an → millióan ( “ a million (of us/you/them) ” ) ( deadjectival adverb-forming suffix ) Variants:-n -a changes to-á- . Final-e changes to-é- .-an -on -en könnyű bő ,hű ( denumeral and depronominal adverb-forming suffix ) Variants:-n -a changes to-á- . Final-e changes to-é- .-an -en kettő (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-an
( verb-forming suffix ) Added to astem ― often anonomatopoeia ― to form averb expressing aninstantaneous action. kattan ( “ to click, to make one clicking sound ” ) robban ( “ to explode ” ) ( verb-forming suffix ) Variants:-on -an -en FromMalay -an Proto-Malayic *-an Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an Proto-Austronesian *-an
-an
added to a noun suffix for collectivity laut ( “ sea ” ) + -an → lautan ( “ ocean ” ) suffix for place pangkal ( “ origin ” ) + -an → pangkalan ( “ base ” ) suffix for value ribu ( “ thousand ” ) + -an → ribuan suffix for measurement result ;-s kilo ( “ kilo ” ) + -an → kiloan ( colloquial ) -s ;suffix for quantity (about value) ratus ( “ hundred ” ) + -an → ratusan ( “ hundreds ” ) -ly , specifying time intervals, having the sense of "occurring at such intervals"hari ( “ day ” ) + -an → harian ( “ daily ” ) added to a verb to create a noun suffix for object makan ( “ to eat ” ) + -an → makanan ( “ food ” ) suffix for place kubur ( “ to bury ” ) + -an → kuburan ( “ grave ” ) suffix for result didik ( “ to educate ” ) + -an → didikan suffix for tool timbang ( “ to weigh ” ) + -an → timbangan ( “ balance ” ) suffix for way or method pimpin ( “ to lead ” ) + -an → pimpinan ( “ leader ” ) added to an adjective to create a noun suffix for having property asin ( “ salty ” ) + -an → asinan ( “ pickle ” ) ( colloquial ) suffix for intensity (quality or quantity) tinggi ( “ high ” ) + -an → tinggian ( “ higher ” ) suffix for similarity Semantic loan fromJavanese -ꦲꦤ꧀ ( -an ) .
-an
verb-forming ( colloquial ) use of [base]sepeda ( “ bicycle ” ) + -an → sepedaan ( “ to ride a bicycle ” ) ( colloquial ) hold or tohave [base]selamat ( “ safe ” ) + -an → selamatan ( “ to celebrate with offerings to the spirits to assure safety ” ) rujak ( “ a kind of salad ” ) + -an → rujakan ( “ to haverujak to be eaten or made ” ) ( colloquial ) do as indicated by the [base]sendiri ( “ alone ” ) + -an → sendirian ( “ by oneself ” ) noun-forming ( colloquial ) sekolah ( “ school ” ) + -an → sekolahan ( “ school complex ” ) ( colloquial ) becak ( “ rickshaw ” ) + -an → becakan ( “ rickshaw fare ” ) ( colloquial ) usage sepeda ( “ bicycle ” ) + -an → sepedaan ( “ bicycle-riding ” ) ( colloquial ) selamat ( “ safe ” ) + -an → selamatan ( “ celebration with offerings to the spirits to assure safety ” ) rujak ( “ a kind of salad ” ) + -an → rujakan ( “ rujak eating or production” ) susu ( “ milk ” ) + -an → susuan ( “ breast-feeding period ” ) Semantic loan fromJavanese -ꦲꦼꦤ꧀ ( -en ) .
-an
( colloquial ) suffering of [base]koreng ( “ ulcer ” ) + -an → korengan ( “ serious infection disease ” ) uban ( “ grey hair ” ) + -an → ubanan ( “ grey haired condition ” ) Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa (2017 ),Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia [Standard Grammar of Indonesian Language [2] →ISBN the original on13 June 2022 James N. Sneddon (2010 ),Indonesian : a comprehensive grammar , 2 edition, London: Roultedge,→ISBN →OCLC FromOld Irish -on -an -en [ 1]
-an
forms verbal nouns Stenson, Nancy (2020 ),Modern Irish: A Comprehensive Grammar , London: Routledge,→ISBN 117 -an
Rōmaji transcription ofあん FromProto-Philippine *-an Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an Proto-Austronesian *-an Tagalog -an Central Bikol -an Cebuano -an
-an
object trigger : to do something to a person or a thingBuklatan me ining lata. ―(You) open this can ( can is focused).) object trigger : to cause something to become; to make; because; dueBegalan neng Julia ing pamamasa. ―Julia slowed down her reading. ( reading is focused.) directional trigger : to do something in the direction ofSalubungan ke I Reniel. ―I'm going to meet Reniel. ( Reniel is focused).) benefactive trigger : to do something forPanagan keng pamangan I Simon. ―I'll leave some food for Simon. ( food is focused).) object trigger :( with root word reduplication ) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and thereWawasan-wasan koreng pinggan. ―I'm washing the plates. ( The plates is focused).) directional trigger :( with root word reduplication ) to do something in the direction of, occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and thereSusopan-sopan neng Eli I Kate. ―Eli helped Kate a bit. ( Kate is focused).) object trigger : to perform the action of the verb on somethingEsusulatanan ing libru. ―Don't write anything on the book. -an
Forms locative nouns indicating places where a significant object referred to by the root is placed, planted, or commonly found. tambay ( “ idle ” ) + -an → tambayan ( “ place to hangout ” ) basura ( “ trash ” ) + -an → basuran ( “ trash can ” ) Forms Locative nouns for places where the root's action occurs pagawa ( “ create ” ) + -an → pagawaan ( “ workshop ” ) sake ( “ ride ” ) + -an → sakayan ( “ station, car, vehicle... ” ) Forms nouns for periods when the root's action is collectively performed. libang ( “ hobby ” ) + -an → libangan ( “ entertainment ” ) pilub ( “ entry, class, work ” ) + -an → piluban ( “ school time, school year ” ) Forms nouns indicating a tool or an object that is used to perform what is meant by the root oras ( “ time ” ) + -an → orasan ( “ clock, watch ” ) timbang ( “ weight ” ) + -an → timbangan ( “ weighing scale ” ) Forms nouns signifying reciprocal or joint performance of the action expressed by the root terak ( “ dance ” ) + -an → terakan ( “ dancing together ” ) dalit ( “ sing ” ) + -an → dalitan ( “ singing together ” ) Used to create a diminutive, pretensive, or imitative form of something ( used with reduplication of root word ) bale ( “ house ” ) + -an → bale-balayan ( “ toy house ” ) biasa ( “ knowledge ” ) + -an → biasa-biasan ( “ know-it-all ” ) baril ( “ gun ” ) + -an → baril-barilan ( “ toy gun ” ) -an
( appended to numbers ) Used to indicate groups. Adua ( “ two ” ) + -an → aduaan ( “ in twos, two at a time ” ) Atlu ( “ three ” ) + -an → atluan ( “ in groups of three, three at a time ” ) FromProto-Malayic *-an Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an Proto-Austronesian *-an
IPA (key ) : /-an/ Hyphenation:-an -an (Jawi spelling after consonant or [i] ـن Jawi spelling after [u] ـان Jawi spelling after non-[i] or [u] vowel ـاءن
Suffix for collectivity Suffix for similarity Suffix for object Suffix for place Suffix for instrument bangun ( “ to wake up, to get up ” ) + -an → bangunan ( “ building ” ) ^ For some speakers, when the Etymology 1 form of this suffix (along with-i tarikan ( “ attraction ” ) andmakanan ( “ food ” ) which respectively are affixations oftarik ( “ to pull ” ) andmakan ( “ to eat ” ) with the-an Borrowed fromEnglish -ant Middle English -ant -aunt Old French -ant Latin -āns Middle English -ant -and -end Old English -ende ( present participle ending ) .
( English-based ) IPA (key ) : [-ən] ( spelling-based ) IPA (key ) : [-an] Hyphenation:-an -an (Jawi spelling ـن
( no longerproductive ) -ant militan ―militant FromOld Irish -án Primitive Irish -ᚐᚌᚅᚔ ( -agni ) .
-an m
alternative form of-ane -an
alternative form of-ene -an
Used to formstative verbs fromnouns -an
be in a state or condition -an
A suffix denoting theplural of an inanimate noun A suffix denoting the obviative form of an animate noun A suffix denoting thesecond-person singular imperative of a transitive inanimate verb (vti) As the suffix denoting the second-person singular imperative form,-an also acts as the class marker for unmarked(-am theme) transitive inanimate verbs (vti).
FromProto-Germanic *-aną Proto-Germanic *-janą
-an
( verbal suffix ) used to form the infinitive of most strong, class 1 weak, and preterite-present verbs (exceptions are verbs likeflēon ( “ to flee ” ) ) singan to sing niman to take 🛈 This feature is under development and may not always produce the expected forms
¹In Northumbrian, final -n was regularly lost from these forms
Middle English:-en -e -yn ( especiallyNorfolk ) ,-n ( after vowels ) English:-en ( obsolete ) → Middle Scots:-en -in ( literary, under Chaucerian influence ) FromProto-West Germanic *-anā Proto-Germanic *-anē
-an
Forms adverbs with ablative direction. ēastan from the east westan from the west Inherited fromProto-West Germanic *-an Proto-Germanic n- stem suffixes:*-anų ( accusative singular ) ,*-aniz ( genitive singular, nominative/vocative plural ) and*-anunz ( accusative plural ) .
Supplanted Proto-West Germanic*-ōn ēastron foldu
-an
Forms the accusative, genitive, and dative singular and nominative and accusative plural ofn -stem nouns beran bear, bear's, bears Weak:
-an
alternative form of-on ( strong plural past indicative suffix ) -an
Forms the following inflections of weak adjectives: Masculine and feminine accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental singular Neuter genitive, dative, and instrumental singular Masculine, feminine, and neuter nominative and accusative plural -an
( Late Old English ) alternative form of-um This form appears in late texts either due to reduction of the original-um n -stem oblique singular and nominative/accusative plural-an Old Galician-Portuguese [ edit ] Inherited fromLatin -ant
-an (1st conj. )
a suffix indicating thethird-person plural indicative present of a verb in-ar amar ( “ to love ” ) + -an → aman ( “ [They] love ” ) cantar ( “ to sing ” ) + -an → cantan ( “ [They] sing ” ) Presumably fromProto-Germanic *-ōniz
-an
( deverbative suffix ) used to derive nouns from class 2 weak verbs friða ( “ to pacify ” ) + -an → friðan ( “ pacifying ” ) sanna ( “ to assert, prove ” ) + -an → sannan ( “ assertion, confirmation ” ) synja ( “ to deny ” ) + -an → synjan ( “ denial ” ) Inherited fromProto-Norse -ᚨᚾᚨ ( -ana ) , fromProto-Germanic *-anē
-an
forms adverbs with ablative direction (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-an
strong accusative singular ending of adjectives FromProto-Germanic *-aną
-an
( verbal suffix ) used to form the infinitive of strong verbs (exceptions are a few verbs ending in-ian biddian liggian drinkan ( “ to drink ” ) hwerƀan ( “ to travel ” ) Inherited fromSanskrit -अन्ति ( -anti ) .
-an
third person plural suffix Henrik Liljegren; Naseem Haider (2011 ), “-an”, inPalula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[3] →ISBN (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium . Particularly: “Latin -ānus?”)
-an m
( chemistry ) -ate ,used to form names of derivates ofoxyacids whose name ends with -owy ( -ic ) chlor ( “ chlorine ” ) + -an → chloran ( “ chlorate ” ) forms people młody -an → młodzian Inanimate declension:
Animate declension:
-an in Polish dictionaries at PWNBorrowed fromLatin -anus Doublet of-ân
-an m or n feminine singular -ană masculine plural -ani feminine/neuter plural -ane
Forms adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country; -an Australia ( “ Australia ” ) + -an → australian ( “ Australian ” ) America ( “ America ” ) + -an → american ( “ American ” ) For the countries that end in-ia , the plural form of the suffix is-ieni when masculine and-iene when feminine/neuter.
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-an m or n feminine singular -ană masculine plural -ani feminine/neuter plural -ane
Added to nouns and adjectives as anaugmentative suffix. gras ( “ fat ” ) + -an → grăsan ( “ fatso ” ) Forms names of male animals. gâscă ( “ goose ” ) + -an → gâscan ( “ gander ” ) FromMiddle Irish [Term?] , fromOld Irish -án
IPA (key ) : /-an/ Note the difference with Etymology 2 -an m
A masculine suffix used to formnouns meaning a smaller form of something, often used for malegiven names . crùb ( “ dug ” ) + -an → crùban ( “ crouching ” ) Originally theOld Irish n -stem nouns. For exampleOld Irish imbliu imblenna Irish -anna Manx -yn
IPA (key ) : /ən/ Note the difference with Etymology 1 -an
Used to formregular nominatives plural of nouns. clach ( “ stone ” ) + -an → clachan ( “ stones ” ) Mark, Colin (2003 ),The Gaelic–English dictionary , London: Routledge,→ISBN 641 (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-an (Cyrillic spelling -ан
Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a (often negative) feature or endearment. Inherited fromProto-Slavic *-ьnъ
-an (Cyrillic spelling -ан
Suffix appended to words to create an adjective. jad(iti) -an → jadan ( “ miserable ” ) Inherited fromProto-Slavic *-ěninъ
-an m pers
suffix used to form masculine demonyms from the names of places (cities, countries, regions) Prievidza -an → Prievidžan ( “ Prievidza inhabitant ” ) Liptovský Mikuláš -an → Liptovskomikulášan ( “ Liptovský Mikuláš inhabitant ” ) Paríž ( “ Paris ” ) + -an → Parížan ( “ Parisian ” ) Rím ( “ Rome ” ) + -an → Riman ( “ Roman ” ) sever ( “ North ” ) + -an → severan ( “ Northerner ” ) ostrov ( “ island ” ) + -an → ostrovan ( “ islander ” ) suffix used to form agent nouns from verbs, typically denoting a person characterized by excessive or negative behavior ožrať sa ( “ to get drunk ” ) + -an → ožran ( “ drunkard ” ) pije ( “ he drinks ” ) + -an → pijan ( “ drunkard; heavy drinker ” ) In Slovak, the formation of masculine demonyms (names of inhabitants) is closely tied to the corresponding adjective ending in-ský -cký -an ,-čan -šťan Stems with-ský -s- is not part of the stem):The suffix-ský -an or-čan If the stem ends in a sibilant (s ,z ,š ,ž ,c ,dz ,č ,dž ),-an is usually preferred (e.g.,Praha pražský Pražan If the stem ends in any other consonant,-čan Bratislava bratislavský Bratislavčan Stems with-ský -s- is merged with the stem):If the adjective's-sk- cluster is the result of assimilation or reduction (e.g.,novoveský Nová Ves mestský mesto -šťan Examples:Nová Ves novoveský Novovešťan mesto mestský mešťan Stems with-cký The adjectival ending-cký -čan Examples:Maroko marocký Maročan Belgicko belgický Belgičan The suffix-an causes the preceding consonant to soften, e.g.Čína čínsky Číňan Čile čilský Čiľan -čan While these rules cover the vast majority of cases, exceptions exist due to historical development (e.g.Turiec Turčan Orava Oravan The feminine equivalent is formed using the suffix-anka -an +-ka Belgičan Belgičanka FromLatin -ant Asturian Catalan -en French -ent Italian -ano Portuguese -am Romanian -ă
-an
third-person plural present indicative of-ar FromLatin -eant Latin -ant Latin -iant
-an
inflection of-er third-person plural present subjunctive third-person plural imperative inflection of-ir third-person plural present subjunctive third-person plural imperative FromOld Norse -an
-an
making a noun from a verb, similar to-ing -ning -ningar as the plural. predika ( “ to preach ” ) + -an → predikan ( “ a sermon ” ) Ultimately fromLatin -anus
-an
-an making a noun, describing a person by belief or nationality Tibet -an → tibetan Luther -an → lutheran vegetarian Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an Tagalog -an
Inherited fromProto-Philippine *-an Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an Proto-Austronesian *-an
-an (verb-forming suffix ,Baybayin spelling ◌ᜈ᜔ or ᜀᜈ᜔
object trigger : to do something to a person or a thingBuksan mo ang pinto. ―(You) open the door ( door is focused).) object trigger : to cause something to become; to makeBinagalan ni Sue ang kotse. ―Sue slowed down the car. ( The car is focused.) directional trigger : to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction ofTinitingnan ko ang manwal. ―I'm looking at the manual. ( The manual is focused).) benefactive trigger : to do something forTitirhan ko si Roy ng keyk. ―I'll leave some cake for Roy. ( Roy is focused).) object trigger :( with root word reduplication ) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and thereWinawalis-walisan ko ang sahig. ―I'm sweeping the floor a bit. ( The floor is focused).) directional trigger :( with root word reduplication ) to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of, occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and thereTinutulung-tulungan ni Jessy si Patty. ―Jessy helped Patty a bit. ( Patty is focused).) object trigger : to perform the action of the verb on somethingHuwag mong sulatan ang dokumento. ―Don't write anything on the document. -an (noun-forming suffix ,Baybayin spelling ◌ᜈ᜔ or ᜀᜈ᜔
Forms locative nouns expressing where a large quantity of the thing meant by the root is put, planted, or can be found aklat ( “ book ” ) + -an → aklatan ( “ library ” ) basura ( “ trash ” ) + -an → basurahan ( “ trash can ” ) Forms locative nouns where the action expressed by the root is performed kain ( “ eat ” ) + -an → kainan ( “ place where people eat e.g. restaurant, café,... ” ) Forms nouns expressing period in which the action expressed by the root is collectively performed ani ( “ harvest ” ) + -an → anihan ( “ harvest time ” ) pasok ( “ entry, class, work ” ) + -an → pasukan ( “ school time, school year ” ) Forms nouns indicating a tool or an object that is used to perform what is meant by the root oras ( “ time ” ) + -an → orasan ( “ clock, watch ” ) timbang ( “ weight ” ) + -an → timbangan ( “ weighing scale ” ) Forms nouns signifying reciprocal or joint performance of the action expressed by the root sayaw ( “ dance ” ) + -an → sayawan ( “ dancing together ” ) kanta ( “ sing ” ) + -an → kantahan ( “ singing together ” ) Used to create a diminutive, pretensive, or imitative form of something ( used with reduplication of root word ) bahay ( “ house ” ) + -an → bahay-bahayan ( “ toy house ” ) Diyos ( “ God ” ) + -an → diyos-diyosan ( “ false god ” ) baril ( “ gun ” ) + -an → baril-barilan ( “ toy gun ” ) -an (adverb-forming suffix ,Baybayin spelling ◌ᜈ᜔ or ᜀᜈ᜔
( appended to numbers ) Used to indicate groups. tatlo ( “ three ” ) + -an → tatluhan ( “ in threes, three at a time ” ) dalawampu ( “ twenty ” ) + -an → dalawampuan ( “ in groups of twenty, twenty at a time ” ) Normally,/h/ is inserted before-an when a root word ending with a vowel is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and/h/ becomes/n/ .ganti -an → gantih an talo -an → talun an Sometimes, the final vowel of the root word disappears when the suffix is added.sunod -an → sundan takip -an → takpan Due toallophony ,/d/ turns into/r/ when inserted before-an .buklod -an → buklur an bakod -an → bakur an bayad -an → bayar an FromOttoman Turkish ـان ( -an ) , fromOld Anatolian Turkish [Term?] , fromProto-Turkic *-gan
preceding vowel a / ı / o / u e / i / ö / ü postconsonantal -an -en postvocalic -yan -yen
-an
Creates participles and relative clauses where the relativized element is the grammatical subject of the clause şarkı söyleyen çocuk ―the child who is singing burada satılan bir ürün ―a product which is sold here the relativized element is the possessor of the grammatical subject of the clause bacağı ağrıyan hasta ―a patient whose leg hurts şapkası ters duran adam ―a man whose hat is backwards the relativized element is the possessor of some other element of the clause, and the subject is categorial and indefinite koyunlarını kurt kapan köylü ―a villager whose sheep were caught by wolves kafasında şapka olan çocuk ―a child who has a hat on their head Creates nouns with the meaning of "the one who ...", "those who ...", "those which ..." etc. when one of the aforementioned conditions apply savaşı kaybedenler ―those who lost the war trenden inenler ―those who are disembarking the train Combines with the dative suffix and the postpositionskadar ,dek ordeğin to meanuntil ölene kadar ―till I die/he dies dönene dek ―till I return/he returns For all other relative clauses, see-dık and-acak Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar ,2005 ,→ISBN -an
Used to indicate someone who is or does something FromProto-Celtic *-agnos
-an
diminutive suffix ,-let bwyell ( “ axe ” ) + -an → bwyellan ( “ small axe, hatchet ” ) gwraig ( “ woman, wife ” ) + -an → gwreigan ( “ little woman, little wife ” ) barf ( “ beard ” ) + -an → barfan ( “ little beard, goatee, whiskers ” ) person or object with characteristics of the root word mud ( “ mute ” ) + -an → mudan ( “ mute person ” ) llai ( “ grey ” ) + -an → lleian ( “ nun ” ) crwm ( “ crooked, curved ” ) + -an → cryman ( “ sickle, pruning hook ” ) used to form pet names Gwen -an → Gwennan Dai -an → Deian Elisabeth -an → Bethan -an
verbnoun suffix -an
( colloquial ) verb suffix for thethird-person future plural R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke,et al. , editors (1950–present), “-an ”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
