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-ahtaa

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:ahtaaand-ähtää

Finnish

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*-ahtadak, fromProto-Finno-Permic*-ašta-.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /-ɑhtɑːˣ/,[-ɑ̝xt̪ɑ̝ː(ʔ)]

Suffix

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-ahtaa (front vowel harmony variant-ähtää,stem-ahta-,linguistic notation-AhtA-or-AhtAA)

Formsmomentane or semelfactive verbs.

Usage notes

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Applied mainly tointransitive verbs. Momentane transitive verbs are more commonly derived with the suffix-aista.

Conjugation

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Inflection of-ahtaa (Kotus type 53*F/muistaa,t-d gradation)

indicative mood

present tense

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-ahdan

en -ahda

1st sing.

olen -ahtanut

en ole -ahtanut

2nd sing.

-ahdat

et -ahda

2nd sing.

olet -ahtanut

et ole -ahtanut

3rd sing.

-ahtaa

ei -ahda

3rd sing.

on -ahtanut

ei ole -ahtanut

1st plur.

-ahdamme

emme -ahda

1st plur.

olemme -ahtaneet

emme ole -ahtaneet

2nd plur.

-ahdatte

ette -ahda

2nd plur.

olette -ahtaneet

ette ole -ahtaneet

3rd plur.

-ahtavat

eivät -ahda

3rd plur.

ovat -ahtaneet

eivät ole -ahtaneet

passive

-ahdetaan

ei -ahdeta

passive

on -ahdettu

ei ole -ahdettu

past tense

pluperfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-ahdin

en -ahtanut

1st sing.

olin -ahtanut

en ollut -ahtanut

2nd sing.

-ahdit

et -ahtanut

2nd sing.

olit -ahtanut

et ollut -ahtanut

3rd sing.

-ahti

ei -ahtanut

3rd sing.

oli -ahtanut

ei ollut -ahtanut

1st plur.

-ahdimme

emme -ahtaneet

1st plur.

olimme -ahtaneet

emme olleet -ahtaneet

2nd plur.

-ahditte

ette -ahtaneet

2nd plur.

olitte -ahtaneet

ette olleet -ahtaneet

3rd plur.

-ahtivat

eivät -ahtaneet

3rd plur.

olivat -ahtaneet

eivät olleet -ahtaneet

passive

-ahdettiin

ei -ahdettu

passive

oli -ahdettu

ei ollut -ahdettu

conditional mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-ahtaisin

en -ahtaisi

1st sing.

olisin -ahtanut

en olisi -ahtanut

2nd sing.

-ahtaisit

et -ahtaisi

2nd sing.

olisit -ahtanut

et olisi -ahtanut

3rd sing.

-ahtaisi

ei -ahtaisi

3rd sing.

olisi -ahtanut

ei olisi -ahtanut

1st plur.

-ahtaisimme

emme -ahtaisi

1st plur.

olisimme -ahtaneet

emme olisi -ahtaneet

2nd plur.

-ahtaisitte

ette -ahtaisi

2nd plur.

olisitte -ahtaneet

ette olisi -ahtaneet

3rd plur.

-ahtaisivat

eivät -ahtaisi

3rd plur.

olisivat -ahtaneet

eivät olisi -ahtaneet

passive

-ahdettaisiin

ei -ahdettaisi

passive

olisi -ahdettu

ei olisi -ahdettu

imperative mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

—

1st sing.

—

2nd sing.

-ahda

älä -ahda

2nd sing.

—

3rd sing.

-ahtakoon

älköön -ahtako

3rd sing.

olkoon -ahtanut

älköön olko -ahtanut

1st plur.

-ahtakaamme

älkäämme -ahtako

1st plur.

—

2nd plur.

-ahtakaa

älkää -ahtako

2nd plur.

—

3rd plur.

-ahtakoot

älkööt -ahtako

3rd plur.

olkoot -ahtaneet

älkööt olko -ahtaneet

passive

-ahdettakoon

älköön -ahdettako

passive

olkoon -ahdettu

älköön olko -ahdettu

potential mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-ahtanen

en -ahtane

1st sing.

lienen -ahtanut

en liene -ahtanut

2nd sing.

-ahtanet

et -ahtane

2nd sing.

lienet -ahtanut

et liene -ahtanut

3rd sing.

-ahtanee

ei -ahtane

3rd sing.

lienee -ahtanut

ei liene -ahtanut

1st plur.

-ahtanemme

emme -ahtane

1st plur.

lienemme -ahtaneet

emme liene -ahtaneet

2nd plur.

-ahtanette

ette -ahtane

2nd plur.

lienette -ahtaneet

ette liene -ahtaneet

3rd plur.

-ahtanevat

eivät -ahtane

3rd plur.

lienevät -ahtaneet

eivät liene -ahtaneet

passive

-ahdettaneen

ei -ahdettane

passive

lienee -ahdettu

ei liene -ahdettu

Nominal forms

infinitives

participles

active

passive

active

passive

1st

-ahtaa

present

-ahtava

-ahdettava

long 1st¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-ahtaakseni	-ahtaaksemme
2nd	-ahtaaksesi	-ahtaaksenne
3rd	-ahtaakseen -ahtaaksensa

past

-ahtanut

-ahdettu

2nd

inessive²

-ahtaessa

-ahdettaessa

agent⁴

-ahtama

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-ahtaessani	-ahtaessamme
2nd	-ahtaessasi	-ahtaessanne
3rd	-ahtaessaan -ahtaessansa

negative

-ahtamaton

instructive

-ahtaen

—

¹⁾ Used only with a possessive suffix.

²⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
³⁾ Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
⁴⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the-ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

* The third-person singular indicative form-ahtaa does not exhibitfinal gemination,
unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.

3rd

inessive

-ahtamassa

—

elative

-ahtamasta

—

illative

-ahtamaan

—

adessive

-ahtamalla

—

abessive

-ahtamatta

—

instructive

-ahtaman

-ahdettaman

4th³

verbal noun

-ahtaminen

5th¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-ahtamaisillani	-ahtamaisillamme
2nd	-ahtamaisillasi	-ahtamaisillanne
3rd	-ahtamaisillaan -ahtamaisillansa

Derived terms

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Finnish terms suffixed with -ahtaa

Ingrian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*-ahtadak. Cognates includeFinnish-ahtaa.

Pronunciation

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(Ala-Laukaa)IPA^(key): /-ɑhtɑː/,[-ɑhtɑ]
(Soikkola)IPA^(key): /-ɑhtɑː/,[-ɑhtɑː]

Suffix

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-ahtaa (front vowel variant-ähtää)

Used to formsemelfactive verbs.
‎vilkkaa(“to flash”) + ‎-ahtaa → ‎vilkahtaa(“to flash past”)

Conjugation

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Conjugation of-ahtaa (type 2/kirjuttaa, t- gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-ahan	en-aha	1st singular	oon-ahtant,oon-ahtanut	en oo-ahtant,en oo-ahtanut
2nd singular	-ahat	et-aha	2nd singular	oot-ahtant,oot-ahtanut	et oo-ahtant,et oo-ahtanut
3rd singular	-ahtaa	ei-aha	3rd singular	ono-ahtant,ono-ahtanut	ei oo-ahtant,ei oo-ahtanut
1st plural	-ahamma	emmä-aha	1st plural	oomma-ahtanneet	emmä oo-ahtanneet
2nd plural	-ahatta	että-aha	2nd plural	ootta-ahtanneet	että oo-ahtanneet
3rd plural	-ahtaat¹⁾,-ahtavat²⁾,-ahettaa	evät-aha,ei-aheta	3rd plural	ovat-ahtanneet	evät oo-ahtanneet,ei oo-ahettu
impersonal	-ahettaa	ei-aheta	impersonal	ono-ahettu	ei oo-ahettu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-ahin	en-ahtant,en-ahtanut	1st singular	olin-ahtant,olin-ahtanut	en olt-ahtant,en olt-ahtanut
2nd singular	-ahit	et-ahtant,et-ahtanut	2nd singular	olit-ahtant,olit-ahtanut	et olt-ahtant,et olt-ahtanut
3rd singular	-ahti	ei-ahtant,ei-ahtanut	3rd singular	oli-ahtant,oli-ahtanut	ei olt-ahtant,ei olt-ahtanut
1st plural	-ahimma	emmä-ahtanneet	1st plural	olimma-ahtanneet	emmä olleet-ahtanneet
2nd plural	-ahitta	että-ahtanneet	2nd plural	olitta-ahtanneet	että olleet-ahtanneet
3rd plural	-ahtiit¹⁾,-ahtivat²⁾,-ahettii	evät-ahtanneet,ei-ahettu	3rd plural	olivat-ahtanneet	evät olleet-ahtanneet,ei olt-ahettu
impersonal	-ahettii	ei-ahettu	impersonal	oli-ahettu	ei olt-ahettu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-ahtaisin	en-ahtais	1st singular	olisin-ahtant,olisin-ahtanut	en olis-ahtant,en olis-ahtanut
2nd singular	-ahtaisit,-ahtaist¹⁾	et-ahtais	2nd singular	olisit-ahtant,olisit-ahtanut	et olis-ahtant,et olis-ahtanut
3rd singular	-ahtais	ei-ahtais	3rd singular	olis-ahtant,olis-ahtanut	ei olis-ahtant,ei olis-ahtanut
1st plural	-ahtaisimma	emmä-ahtais	1st plural	olisimma-ahtanneet	emmä olis-ahtanneet
2nd plural	-ahtaisitta	että-ahtais	2nd plural	olisitta-ahtanneet	että olis-ahtanneet
3rd plural	-ahtaisiit¹⁾,-ahtaisivat²⁾,-ahettais	evät-ahtais,ei-ahettais	3rd plural	olisivat-ahtanneet	evät olis-ahtanneet,ei olis-ahettu
impersonal	-ahettais	ei-ahettais	impersonal	olis-ahettu	ei olis-ahettu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	-aha	elä-aha	2nd singular	oo-ahtant,oo-ahtanut	elä oo-ahtant,elä oo-ahtanut
3rd singular	-ahtakkoo	elköö-ahtako	3rd singular	olkoo-ahtant,olkoo-ahtanut	elköö olko-ahtant,elköö olko-ahtanut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	-ahtakkaa	elkää-ahtako	2nd plural	olkaa-ahtanneet	elkää olko-ahtanneet
3rd plural	-ahtakkoot	elkööt-ahtako,elköö-ahettako	3rd plural	olkoot-ahtanneet	elkööt olko-ahtanneet,elköö olko-ahettu
impersonal	-ahettakoo	elköö-ahettako	impersonal	olkoo-ahettu	elköö olko-ahettu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	-ahtanen	en-ahtane
2nd singular	-ahtanet	et-ahtane
3rd singular	-ahtannoo	ei-ahtane
1st plural	-ahtanemma	emmä-ahtane
2nd plural	-ahtanetta	että-ahtane
3rd plural	-ahtannoot	evät-ahtane,ei-ahettane
impersonal	-ahettanoo	ei-ahettane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		-ahtaa	present	-ahtava	-ahettava
2nd	inessive	-ahtaes	past	-ahtant,-ahtanut	-ahettu
2nd	instructive	-ahtaen	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-ahtakkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix-k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix-k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or-kse to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix-kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	-ahtammaa
	inessive	-ahtamas
	elative	-ahtamast
	abessive	-ahtamata
4th	nominative	-ahtamiin
	partitive	-ahtamista,-ahtamist