FromLatin -a
-a
Used to create genus names from proper nouns Used to take the form of certain plural Latin-derived taxonomic names Borrowed fromLatin -a ( nominativesecond declension neuter plural suffix ) , plural counterpart to-um ( nominative second declension neuter singular suffix ) .
-a
plural of-um Borrowed fromAncient Greek -α ( -a ,nominativesecond declension neuter plural suffix ) , plural counterpart to-ον ( -on ,nominative second declension neuter singular suffix ) .
-a
plural of-on Borrowed fromLatin -a ( nominativefirst declension neuter singular suffix )
-a (plural -as or -ae
Marks singular nouns, with a foundation inGreek orLatin , often implying femininity, especially when contrasted with words terminating in-us Changes anelement or substance into anoxide . magnesium -a → magnesia ( antonym(s) of “ feminine suffix ” ) : he- Borrowed fromItalian -a Spanish -a Portuguese -a feminine noun suffixes fromLatin -a
-a
Marks nouns, with a foundation inItalian ,Spanish , orPortuguese , implying femininity. ( antonym(s) of “ female suffix ” ) : he- Added especially formetrical reasons, or as an empty filler syllable.
-a
Added formetrical reasons to songs, poetry and verse, or as an empty filler syllable to other speech. Alternative forms: a a- c. 1610–1611 (date written)William Shakespeare , “The Winters Tale ”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [ … ] (First Folio ), London: [ … ] Isaac Iaggard , andEd[ ward] Blount , published1623 ,→OCLC [ Act IV, scene iii] :A merry heart goes all the daya
1936 July 18,Leon Schlesinger (producer) /Norman Spencer (music),I Love to Singa I love to sing-a / about the moon-a and the June-a and the spring-a , / I love to sing-a / about a sky of blue-a , or a tea for two-a . 1980s Kids Sing Praise [3] I wanna wanna wanna wanna wanna wanna really wanna be just like the Lord-a God's own holy Word-a none-a that's okay because I'm gonna trust upon the work that's done-a on the Cross-a one-a God the Father's Son-a Son-a and my sin He cures!
1981 Down Under :Buying bread from a man in Brusselsa my language?"[ …]
2014 California Hit , Open Road Media,→ISBN "I'm-a tell-a you why you better be. I named you in my will, Franco."
Contraction ofhave
-a
( slang ) Alternative form of've .Contraction ofof
-a
( slang ) Clitic form ofo' (contraction ofof .buncha ,cuppa ,kinda ,loadsa ,lotta ,sorta 1946 Before the Sun Goes Down , page31 :Contraction ofto
-a
( informal ) to (infinitive marker )Contraction ofdo
-a
( informal ) do (infinitive marker )1988 Living Colour , “Funny Vibe”, Epic:Yeah, Flav, I'm tired of them dissing brothers in the P.E. out there, we got to do something about this/(What-a we do? What-a we do?)
-er ( which, in various non-rhotic dialects, reduces to-a , e.g.fatha ,burna ) , compare-z Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002 ), “-a”, inThe Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles Oxford University Press ,→ISBN Christine A. Lindberg, editor (2002 ), “-a”, inThe Oxford College Dictionary , 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing,→ISBN -a
indicatesintensity orrepetition of a verbal action SIL International (2020 ), “Abau Dictionary”, inWebonary.org [4]
-a [ 1]
alternative form of-ya ^ Stegeman, Ray; Hunter, Rita (2014 ),Akawaio-English Dictionary and English-Akawaio Index , SIL International, page18 Continues Common Albanian*-ó , which became-a after colliding with-ë in feminine words. It did remain an -o inajo Inherited fromProto-Albanian *háh ( “ the, she ” ) , identical to the Pre-Proto-Albanian form, fromProto-Indo-European *séh₂ [ 1] e ( “ of, the, to ” ) and-e
-a f
feminine singular nominativesuffixed definite article .the Coordinate terms: ( masculine ) -i -u ( plural and neuter ) -të ditë f ( “ day ” ) + -a → dita ( “ the day” ) natë f ( “ night ” ) + -a → nata ( “ the night” ) (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-a
forms theplural forms for manynouns .-s burrë m ( “ man ” ) + -a → burra ( “ men ” ) vetull f ( “ eyebrow ” ) + -a → vetulla ( “ eyebrows ” ) ^ Demiraj, Bardhyl et al. (2021 ), “-a ”, inDPEWA. Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen [DPEWA. Digital Philological-Etymological Dictionary of Old Albanian Antigua and Barbuda Creole English [ edit ] -a
( added to verbs ) person orthing that does an action indicated by the root verb;used to form anagent noun .( added to nouns, chiefly denoting occupations ) ( more broadly, occasionally with adjectives ) ( added to numbers, measurements or nouns denoting quantified sets ) ( added to a proper noun ) resident orinhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun);used to form ademonym .( added to certainadjectives andadverbs , now especially short ones ) More ;used to form thecomparative .-a
( Chungli ) Durative aspect/present participle marker Only used in non-negative statements; with negated verbs, the durative/present participle is expressed with-i Gowda, K. S. Gurubasave (1975 ),Ao Grammar , Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, pages50-51 Clark, Mary M. (1893 ),Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary , Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page20 -a
Absolutive singular suffix. Liburua ekarri al duzu? ―Did you bringthe book? The suffix-a is usually described as an article. However, its usage is not equivalent to that of Englishthe a -a is the default determiner which introduces no additional meaning. Compare the following sentences. In the first two, the determiners (-a andhau ( “ this ” ) ) apply to the noun phraseetxe handi ( “ big house ” ) ; while in the last two they apply separately toetxe ( “ house ” ) andhandi ( “ big ” ) :Etxe handia da. ―It is a big house. Etxe handihau da. ―It isthis big house. Etxea handia da. ―The house is big. Etxehau handia da. ―This house is big. In Standard Basque, nouns ending in-a in their indefinite form (known in Basque asa itsatsia ( literally“ attached a ” ) ) don't change when the article is added:neska -a → neska -a
( Navarro-Lapurdian ) Used to form yes/no questions. Liburua ekarri duzuia ? ―Did you bring the book? It takes different forms depending on the ending of the verb:-a + -a → -ea -e + -a → -ea -o + -a → -oa, -oia -u + -a → -uia, -ia Other dialects use the unrelated particleal Inherited fromProto-Algonquian *-a ( animate singular suffix ) .
Cognate withFox -a
-a
marks singular proximativity in animate nouns Frantz, Donald G.; Genee, Inge (2016–2023 ),Blackfoot Online Dictionary [5] Donald G. Frantz; Norma J. Russell (1989 ),Blackfoot Dictionary of Stems, Roots, and Affixes , 3rd edition, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, published2017 -a
third person singular object A longa ―I heard it. Inherited fromLatin -a
-a f noun-forming suffix ,plural -es
-ess formsfeminine singular nouns senyor ( “ gentleman ” ) + -a → senyora ( “ lady ” ) cambrer ( “ waiter ” ) + -a → cambrera ( “ waitress ” ) -a
forms feminine singular adjectives fred ( “ cold ” ) + -a → freda ( “ cold ” ) Inherited fromLatin -at
-a (verb )
forms the third-person singular (also used withvostè -ar parlar ( “ to talk ” ) + -a → parla ( “ talks ” ) Inherited fromLatin -ā ( second-person singular present active imperative ending of first conjugation verbs ) .
-a (verb )
forms the second-person singular imperative mood of-ar parlar ( “ to talk ” ) + -a → Parla !( “ Talk! ” ) -ha after vowels without glottal stops FromProto-Austronesian *-a ( “ imperative suffix ” ) .
-a (Badlit spelling ᜀ
creates imperative forms of verbs kuha -a → kuhaa patay -a → patya added to nouns to refer to a specific sort isda -a → isdaa added to preposed indirect-marked pronouns ako -a → akoa inyo -a → inyoha creates exclamatory forms of adjectives John U. Wolff (1972 ),A dictionary of Cebuano Visayan [6] FromProto-Brythonic *-aβ̃ Proto-Celtic *-a-mā .
-a
Verbal suffix Synonyms: -i -ya les ( “ width ” ) + -a → lesa ( “ to expand ” ) byw ( “ alive ” ) + -a → bewa ( “ to live ” ) FromProto-Brythonic *-haβ̃ Proto-Celtic *-isamos Welsh -af
-a
Forms superlative adjectives gwell ( “ better ” ) + -a → gwella ( “ best ” ) -a m anim noun-forming suffix )
forms agent nouns referring to male people posrat ( “ to shit oneself ” ) + -a → posera ( “ coward ” ) nafouknout ( “ to inflate, to blow up ” ) + -a → náfuka ( “ bighead, conceited person ” ) -a f noun-forming suffix )
forms nouns referring to results of processes radit ( “ to advise ” ) + -a → rada ( “ advice, counsel ” ) naladit ( “ to tune in ” ) + -a → nálada ( “ mood ” ) -a inSlovník afixů užívaných v češtině , 2017-a
plural of-um Synonym: -ums feminine of-us From feminine singular adjectives (and nouns) of the Romance languages, such asFrench ma Italian mia Spanish mía fría
IPA (key ) : /-a/ Rhymes:-a Syllabification:-a -a
Related to, in the manner of, of.Ending for alladjectives in Esperanto. belo ( “ beauty ” ) + -a → bela ( “ beautiful ” ) dekstro ( “ the right direction ” ) ( as opposed to left ) + -a → dekstra ( “ to the right ” ) vero ( “ truth ” ) + -a → vera ( “ true ” ) Belonging to, of.Ending for allpossessive pronouns in Esperanto. mi ( “ I; me ” ) + -a → mia ( “ of me, my ” ) vi ( “ you ” ) + -a → via ( “ of you, your ” ) ili ( “ they; them ” ) + -a → ilia ( “ of them, their ” ) Used to form theordinal numeral unu ( “ one ” ) + -a → unua ( “ first ” ) du ( “ two ” ) + -a → dua ( “ second ” ) dek tri ( “ thirteen ” ) + -a → dek-tria ( “ thirteenth ” ) cent ( “ hundred ” ) + -a → centa ( “ hundredth ” ) -kind of.Ending of allcorrelatives of kind in Esperanto. ki- -a → kia ( “ what kind of ” ) ti- -a → tia ( “ that kind of ” ) neni- -a → nenia ( “ no kind of ” ) Ending for all adjectives.
Ending for all possessive pronouns in Esperanto.
Ending of all ordinal numerals in Esperanto.
Ending of all correlatives of kind in Esperanto.
-a
Used to form verbs from nouns. týskur ( “ a German ” ) + -a → týska ( “ Germanize ” ) Used to form adverbs from adjectives. illur ( “ bad ” ) + -a → illa ( “ badly ” ) -ä ( in words with front vowel harmony ) FromProto-Finnic *-da *-ta -ta Proto-Uralic *-ta
-a (front vowel harmony variant -ä linguistic notation -A )
( case suffix ) Forms thepartitive case of nouns, adjectives, numbers and some pronouns. FromProto-Finnic *-dak
-a (front vowel harmony variant -ä linguistic notation -A )
( verbal suffix ) Forms the short form of the firstinfinitive of verbs. The first infinitive, short form, is the citation form of verbs. FromLatin -āt -āvit
-a (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix )
forms thethird-person singular past historic of-er -a
alternative form of-ä during vowel harmony with back vowels -a
neutral, unmarked tense-aspect marker In addition to present time, it often shows habitual action, and can also past and future
-a
romanization of-𐌰 From theProto-Uralic *sᴕ̈ [ 1]
-a
Possessive (andgenitive ) suffix:[from 1055] ( with nopossessor or with the 3rd‑person pronoun as possessor, usually construed with the definite article ) his , her , its …ház (a) háza , az ő háza ( “ his /her /its house” ) élet (az) élete , az ő élete ( “ his /her /its life” ) barát (a) barátja ( “ his /her /its friend” ) kapu (a) kapuja ( “ his /her /its gate” ) palota (a) palotája ( “ his /her /its palace” ) kert (a) kertje ( “ his /her /its garden” ) betű (a) betűje ( “ his /her /its letter” ) vese (a) veséje ( “ his /her /its kidney” ) ( with a singularpossessor ) -'s ,of …( third-person singular, single possession ) Anna háza ( “ Anna’s house ” ) ,a felkelő nap háza ( “ the houseof the rising sun ” ) Anna élete ( “ Anna’s life ” ) ,a város élete ( “ the lifeof the city ” ) a király palotája ( “ the king’s palace ” ) a ház kapuja ( “ the gateof the house ” ) Anna kertje ( “ Anna’s garden ” ) ,a tulipán kertje ( “ the gardenof the tulip ” ) ( with a plural possessor ) -s’ ,of …-s ( third-person plural, single possession ) a szülei m háza ( “ my parents’ house ” ) ,a trópusi növények háza ( “ [the] houseof [the] tropical plants ” , literally“ the tropical plants’ house ” ) a szülei m élete ( “ my parents’ lives ” , literally“ my parents’ life ” ) ,a könyvek élete ( “ [the] livesof [the] books ” , literally“ the books’ life ” ) az uralkodók palotája ( “ the rulers’ palace ” ) a szülei m kertje ( “ my parents’ garden ” ) ,Az elágazó ösvények kertje ( “ The Gardenof Forking Paths ” ) ( withinstantaneous time expressions ) ago ( referring to a preceding point in time considered as an instant ) Egy évszázada / két éve / egy órája / sok/hosszú ideje ment el. ―S/he left one century / two years / one hour / a long timeago . Synonym: -val /-vel ezelőtt ( e.g.egy évszázaddal , két évvel ezelőtt ) ( withdurative time expressions ) for …( referring to some duration that precedes the point of time in question ) Egy évszázada / két éve / egy órája / sok/hosszú ideje várunk rád. ―We have been waiting for youfor a century / two years / an hour / a long time. Synonym: óta ( less common in this sense; more commonly means “since” ) ( mostly with quantities, often following-ik ) of …,out of …( partitive sense) Synonym: ( only with countable quantities ) közül jó (jav-) ( “ the greater/better part ” ) →a java még hátravan ( “ the best/bulk is yet to come ” , literally“ its best/bulk is…” ) legnagyobbik ( “ the biggest one ” ) →a bikák legnagyobbika ( “ the biggest [one]of the bulls ” ,synonymous withalegnagyobb bika ) ( personal suffix ) [from the end of the 12th century] Third-person singular personal suffix in back-vowel verbs. Today it can be found in the third-person singular definite forms (indicative past and imperative conjugations) as part of the suffix-ja /-je -ta /-te tud ( “ to know ” ) →tudta ( “ he/she knew it ” ) tud →tudja ( “ he/she knows it (indicative mood) ” ) tud →tudja ( “ he/she should know it (subjunctive mood) ” ) kér ( “ to request, ask for sth ” ) →kérte ( “ he/she requested it ” ) kér →kérje ( “ he/she should request it (subjunctive mood) ” ) Third-person singular personal suffix in back-vowel conjugated infinitives and in the declined and postposition forms of the third-person personal pronounő ( “ he/she/it ” ) . tanulni ( “ to study ” ) →tanulnia kell ( “ he/she must study ” , literally“ it is necessary for him/her to study ” ) kérni ( “ to request, ask for ” ) →kérnie kell ( “ he/she must request [it] ” , literally“ it is necessary for him/her to request ” ) -ról ( “ about ” ) →róla ( “ about him/her/it ” ) -től ( “ from ” ) →tőle ( “ from him/her/it ” ) után ( “ after ” ) →utána ( “ after him/her/it ” ) fölött ( “ above ” ) →fölötte ( “ above him/her/it ” ) (possessive suffix ) Variants:-a -e -ja -a changes to-á- ; final-o changes to-ó- .-je -e changes to-é- ; final-ö changes to-ő- .This suffix (in all forms) is normally used for the third-personsingular possessive (single possession) but, after an explicit plural possessor, it also expresses the third-personplural possessive (single possession), e.g. “the children ’s ball”(a gyerekek labdája ). If the possessor is implicit (not named, only marked by a suffix), the plural possessive suffix must be used, e.g. “their ball” (a labdájuk , see-juk its variants ). (personal suffix ) Variants:-a -e Note that the corresponding (third-person singular)indicative mood of front-vowel verbs is-i kéri ( “ s/he requests it ” ) . First attested in 1055. It can be traced back to Proto-Uralic *-i̮ which with the word-final vowel created the diphthong -ai̮/-ei̮. This had simplified to -á/-é, finally in the Old Hungarian era it had shortened to -a/-e. It was a productive suffix at that time, the back-vowel variant was used even in front-vowel words such as the Old Hungarian female given namesFehéra Szépa fehér ( “ light in color ” ) andszép ( “ beautiful ” ) , respectively.[ 1]
-a
( diminutive suffix ) -a/-e diminutive suffix pair. In the past it could be found in common nouns, as well, but today it is used mostly in given names.cic ( “ the sound for calling a cat ” ) →cica ( “ kitten ” ) Zsigmond ( “ Siegmund ” ) →Zsiga ( “ Sig ” ) (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-a
( personal suffix, archaic ) Used to form the third-person singular indicative past indefinite, for back-vowel verbs. The front-vowel version is-e -t -tt -ott usage template . Along with its front-vowel counterpart-e -ai̮/-ei̮ , developing to-á/-é , then shortened to this form by the end of the early Old Hungarian period. After the participle suffix became fixed as-ó -ő -a/-e underwent conversion; some became adjectives, others, nouns.[ 1]
-a
( obsolete participle suffix) synonym of-ó ( present-participle suffix ) From a synchronic perspective, it can be viewed as a nominal-forming suffix, preserved in some adjectives and nouns (see below). No longer productive. Its front-vowel version is-e FromOld Norse -a ( verb-forming suffix (weak class 2) ) .
-a
forms verbs from nouns spark ( “ a kick ” ) + -a → sparka ( “ to kick ” ) mjólk ( “ milk ” ) + -a → mjólka ( “ tomilk ” ) von ( “ hope ” ) + -a → vona ( “ tohope ” ) ávarp ( “ an address ” ) + -a → ávarpa ( “ to address ” ) rit ( “ a writ ” ) + -a → rita ( “ to write ” ) rass ( “ anass ” ) + -a → rassa ( “ tospank (on the ass) ” ) forms verbs from adjectives inchoative bólginn ( “ swollen ” ) + -a → bólgna ( “ to swell ” ) , literally“ to become swollen ” vakinn ( “ awake ” ) + -a → vakna ( “ to awaken ” ) , literally“ to become awake ” factitive mikill ( “ great ” ) + -a → mikla (eitthvað) fyrir sér ( “ tomake a mountain out of a molehill ” ) , literally“ to make (something) big for oneself ” This is the most productive class of Icelandic verbs. The-a is part of the stem and occurs in most endings:
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
FromOld Norse -a
-a
infinitive ending of most verbs :Synonyms: -ja -va sýna ( “ to show ” ) ;hrjóta ( “ to snore ” ) ;þora ( “ to dare ” ) third-person plural present indicative of-a ( most verbs ) sýna ( “ to show ” ) + -a → sýna ( “ (they) show ” ) hrjóta ( “ to snore ” ) + -a → hrjóta ( “ (they) snore ” ) inflection of-a ( weaka -stem verbs ) first-person singular present indicative second-person singular short imperativebaka ( “ to bake ” ) + -a → baka ( “ (I) show; show! ” ) kalla ( “ to call ” ) + -a → kalla ( “ (I) call; call! ” ) FromOld Norse -a ( noun-forming suffix )
-a f noun-forming suffix ,genitive singular -u nominative plural -ur
indefinite nominative singular of-a f ( most weak feminine nouns ) Synonym: -i f ( weak feminine nouns ) female humans kona ( “ woman ” ) ;stelpa ( “ girl ” ) ;frænka ( “ female relative ” ) female given names ás m ( “ god ” ) + -a → Ása -freyja f ( “ lady ” ) + -a → Freyja names of animals lóa ( “ golden plover ” ) ;rjúpa ( “ ptarmigan ” ) ;leðurblaka ( “ bat ” ) other nouns, among which many adapted loanwords Middle Low Germantaske + -a → taska ( “ bag ” ) Danisholiven + -a → ólíva ( “ olive ” ) forms nouns from various bases fljúga ( “ to fly ” ,verb ) + -a → fluga ( “ fly ” ) villur ( “ lost ” ,adjective ) + -a → villa ( “ mistake ” ) formshypocorisms or short forms of female names Sigriður -a → Sigga Þórunn -a → Þóra forms short forms of nouns for female people and some other nouns stjúpmóðir ( “ stepmother ” ) + -a → stjúpa vinkona ( “ female friend ” ) + -a → vina lögreglumaður m ( “ police officer ” ) + -a → lögga f ( “ cop ” ) ( both gender neutral ) forms names of languages from adjectives íslenskur ( “ Icelandic ” ) + -a → íslenska ( “ Icelandic language ” ) franskur ( “ French ” ) + -a → franska ( “ French language ” ) -a n noun-forming suffix ,genitive singular -a nominative plural -u
indefinite nominative / accusative / dative / genitive singular of-a n ( all weak neuter nouns ) auga ( “ eye ” ) ;hjarta ( “ heart ” ) ;eista ( “ testicle ” ) -a m noun-forming suffix ,genitive singular -a nominative plural -ar
indefinite nominative / accusative / dative / genitive singular of-a m ( very few weak masculine nouns ) Synonym: -i m ( weak masculine nouns ) herra ( “ Mr ” ,title ) ;séra ( “ Reverend ” ,title ) FromOld Norse -a ( adverb-forming suffix ) .
-a
adverbial ending snemma ( “ early ” ) ;bara ( “ only ” ) :varla ( “ barely ” ) used to form adverbs from adjectives, especially of adjectives in-legur illur ( “ bad ” ) + -a → illa ( “ badly ” ) víður ( “ wide ” ) + -a → víða ( “ far and wide ” ) fallegur ( “ beautiful ” ) + -a → fallega ( “ beautifully ” ) used to form some adverbs from nouns heima n ( “ home ” ) + -a → heima ( “ at home ” ) býsn n pl ( “ wonder ” ) + -a → býsna ( “ very ” ) From various sources, partly from the genetive plural of nouns, partly from the infinitive suffix, partly unknown.
-a
forms indeclinable adjectives from various bases sam- ( “ same ” ) + mál ( “ speech ” ) + -a → sammála ( “ agreed ” ) ein- ( “ one ” ) + man n ( “ slaves ” ) + -a → einmana ( “ lonely ” ) hissa ( “ surprised ” ) ;forviða ( “ astonished ” ) FromOld Norse -a ( inflectional ending for nouns ) .
-a
indefinite accusative / dative / genitive singular of-i m ( all weak masculine nouns ) gluggi m ( “ window ” ) + -a → glugga indefinite accusative plural of-i m ( most weak masculine nouns ) Synonym: -ur ( weak nominative/accusative plural ending ) sími m ( “ telephone ” ) + -a → síma indefinite genitive plural ( of most nouns ) Synonym: -na ( weak genitive plural ending ) taug f ( “ nerve ” ) + -a → tauga ( “ of nerves ” ) skóli m ( “ school ” ) + -a → skóla ( “ of schools ” ) barn n ( “ child ” ) + -a → barna ( “ of children ” ) FromOld Norse -a ( inflectional ending for adjectives ) .
-a
inflection of-ur ( most adjectives, including those in-l -r , and-∅ ) indefinite accusative singular feminine indefinite accusative plural masculine definite accusative / dative / genitive singular masculine definite nominative singular feminine definite nominative / accusative / dative / genitive singular neuter hægur ( “ slow ” ) + -a → hæga grænn ( “ green ” ) + -a → græna grár ( “ grey ” ) + -a → gráa laus ( “ loose, free ” ) + -a → lausa -a
suffix denoting adjective. arjento ( “ silver ” ,noun ) + -a → arjenta ( “ silver ” ,adjective ) One may elide the finala of the adjectives, but with the condition not to produce accumulation from the consonants. One advise to use the elision mainly with the derived adjectives and particularly when they finish with-al-(a) .[ 1]
^ “KGD ”, inKompleta gramatiko detaloza [1] the original on27 January 2012 FromProto-Finnic *-da Finnish -a Estonian -a
-a (front vowel variant -ä
Used to form thepartitive case : part ofFromProto-Finnic *-dak Finnish -da
-a (front vowel variant -ä
First infinitive marker After stems ending in-n ,-l ,-r ,-s the alternative forms-na -la -ra -sa -a
plural ending of certain nouns plural ending of adjectives in the nominative, vocative, dative, and strong genitive cases genitive singular ending of third-declension nouns Inherited fromLatin -am Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ ( forms action nouns ) .
-a f noun-forming suffix ,plural -e
used with a stem to form afeminine singular noun , usually adeverbal Synonym: -o FromLatin -at
-a (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix )
used, with a stem, to form thethird-person singular present tense of-are FromLatin -ā
-a (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix )
used, with a stem, to form thesecond-person singular imperative of-are FromLatin -(e/i)am -(e/i)ās -(e/i)at
-a (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix )
used, with a stem, to form thefirst-person singular ,second-person singular andthird-person singular present subjunctive of-ere -ire -isc- FromLatin -(e/i)at
-a (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix )
used, with a stem, to form thethird-person singular imperative of-ere -ire -isc- -a
Rōmaji transcription ofぁ Rōmaji transcription ofァ -a
Imperative suffix Réné-a ―Come here! Kowé ana-a ing omah bae ―You stay home! Subjunctive suffix bisa-a énggal dadi ―I hope it will be ready soon. Bêcike ditutupi bisa-a aja nganti dirubung lalêr It should be coveredso flies can't get into it. Mangsa bisa-a ―As if you could do it!(With doubled adjective) far more so Gêdhe-gêdhe-a iki ―This one ismuch bigger. (With doubled word) not even Aku ora entuk layang siji-siji-a ―I didn't geta single letter. (with doubled question word) [what]ever Sapa-sapa-a sing arêp mlêbu kudu wisuh dhisik Anyone who wants to come in has to wash his hands first.Piye-piye-a kae kowe kudu lunga ―No matter what , you have to go."-a" in Elinor Clark Horne,Javanese-English Dictionary . Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1974 preceding vowel a / i / o / u e / ə / i̇ / ö / ü -a -ə
-a
Form of-ə FromProto-Italic *-ā Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ ( suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender ) . For the use to form masculine agent nouns from verb roots, compare Latinpoeta ποιητής ( poiētḗs ) .
-a
inflection of-us nominative / vocative feminine singular nominative / accusative / vocative neuter plural nominative / accusative / vocative neuter plural of-s -a f or m genitive -ae first declension
suffix used to form feminine first-declension nouns used to form a female counterpart of a masculine noun denoting a male equus m ( “ horse ” ) + -a → equa f ( “ female horse, mare ” ) flāmen m ( “ flamen ” ) + -a → flāmina f ( “ wife of a flamen ” ) magister m ( “ master, instructor ” ) + -a → magistra f ( “ mistress, instructress ” ) used insubstantivised feminine adjective forms, withellipsis of an implicit feminine head noun medicus ( “ doctor ” ) + -īnus ( adjective-forming suffix ) + -a → medicīna f ( “ medicine ” ) , a type ofars f ( “ art ” ) cōnferveō -us ( adjective-forming suffix ) + -a → cōnferva f , a type ofherba f ( “ plant ” ) cōnsolidō -us ( adjective-forming suffix ) + -a → cōnsolida f , a type ofherba f ( “ plant ” ) ( Late Latin ) added to the stem of a third-declension noun to adapt its inflection to that of a feminine first-declension noun lendis, lendin- f -a → lendina f pūlex, pūlic- m -a → *pūlica f suffix used to form (usually masculine)agent nouns adveniō -a → advena ager colō -a → agricola caedō -a → -cīda colō -a → -cola scrībō -a → scrība First-declension noun.
1. Certain masculine nouns ending in-a , especially those ending in-cola -gena , sometimes have a short genitive plural form ending in-um -ārum .
2. Feminine nouns such asfīlia ( “ daughter ” ) that have a second-declension masculine counterpart sometimes take the ending-ābus instead of-īs in the dative and ablative plural to avoid ambiguity (sincefīliīs fīlius ( “ son ” ) ). Forms in-ābus are attested earliest for the nounsfīlia dea ( “ goddess ” ) , and later on for others such aslīberta ( “ freedwoman ” ) ,equa ( “ mare ” ) andanima
3. Old genitive singular endings are-ās -ā familiās Titā
( suffixed to the roots of verbs, forms masculine agent nouns ) : -ō¹ FromOld Latin -ād first-declension ablative singular ending.
-ā
ablative feminine singular of-us -ā (notcomparable )
suffixed chiefly to the stems of adjectives terminating in-ter citer -ā →citrā exter -ā →extrā in- -ter -ā →intrā ulter -ā →ultrā See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.
-ā
second-person singular present active imperative of-ō ( first conjugation ) -a
Used to derive feminine nouns from masculine nouns (likeEnglish -ess Synonym: -e Feminine suffixes that include-a
-a
alternative form of-i ( nominalizing suffix ) -a
and (attached only točəd čəxʷ čəɬ čələp )-a (Lontara spelling ᨕ
the (definite article for common nouns )Ba'dai uringa . [ 1] The saucepan is leaking. ^ Aburaerah Arief (1995 ),Kamus Makassar–Indonesia , Ujung Pandang: Yayaan Perguruan Islam Kapita, page29 -ja ( used after-i, -j ; also another ending of different origin ) -wa ( used after-u, -w ) FromArabic ـَة ( -a ) , reinforced bySicilian Italian -a
IPA (key ) : /a/ Homophone :-ha ( distinct after-h, -ħ, -għ ; may also trigger different stem alternations ) -a
Used to form thefeminine forms of most nouns and adjectives. Used to form theplurals of some nouns and adjectives. Used to formsingulatives fromcollective nouns. -a
passive ending( used mainly for verbs with one or two vowels ) Cognate withParaguayan Guarani -va
-a
nominalizes theaction of the verbindicates theplace of the verb indicates thetime of the action of the verb Cognate withParaguayan Guarani -ha
-a
formsordinal numbers (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-a
alternative form of-ah forms male given names Coordinate term: -i -a
Forms nouns denoting the action of the suffixed verb ;-ing ,-tion Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017 ),A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia. [7] 81 FromProto-Samic *-ëk Finnish -e
-a (with odd-syllable stems -at
Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something used for performing the verb. loavdit ( “ to cover the tent ” ) + -a → loavdda ( “ tent cloth ” ) Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something that results from having the verb's action performed. čállit ( “ to write ” ) + -a → čála ( “ writing ” ) This suffix triggers theweak grade on a preceding stressed syllable in the nominative singular and essive, and thestrong grade in the other forms. (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-a
the ,Definite marker used for Synonym: ( only for strong nouns; nonstandard since 2012 ) -i the definite singular of (strong) feminine nouns. the definite plural of strong neuter nouns. ( dialectal ) the dative singular case of strong masculine nouns. ( archaic , nonstandard ) Used to form definite singular dative case of weak masculine and neuter nouns -ed ,Used for: the past tense ofa-verbs . the supines ofa-verbs and somepreterite-present verbs (e.g.har bada kasta kunna skulla vilja the past participles ofa-verbs . adjectives (e.g.grepa heilhjarta Used to form an infinitive form for most verbs. When using split infinitive, this only applies to a select group. Used to form singular indefinite feminine form of some pronouns and adjectives (e.g.inga lita noka Synonym: -i non-standard since2012 )plural of-um plural of-on Used as an ending of weak nouns and adjectives. Used for: the singular of weak feminine nouns, indefinite (non-standard since2012 ) and definite forms. the singular of weak neuter nouns, indefinite and definite forms (e.g.auga hjarta øyra ( dated or dialectal ) adverbs (( pre-2012 ) alternative form of-e ).( Landsmål , archaic or dialectal ) the singular definite feminine and neuter forms of adjectives. ( Landsmål , archaic , nonstandard ) Used to form the feminine indefinite plural of adjectives. ( Landsmål , archaic , nonstandard ) Used to form the genitive plural of nouns. Synonyms: -a- -e- FromProto-West Germanic *-ō Proto-Germanic *-ô Old High German -o
-a
nominative masculine n-stem ending ācweorna ―squirrel fola ―foal draca ―dragon grīma ―mask heorra ―door hinge used to form the nominative singular n-stem (weak) adjective and subsequent nominalised form eald ( “ old ” ) + -a → (sē) ealda ( “ (the/that) old; (the/that) old one/thing ” ) used to form masculine agents, usually from verbs Synonyms: -end -ere ġiefan ( “ to give ” ) + -a → ġiefa ( “ giver ” ) dēman ( “ to judge ” ) + -a → dēma ( “ a judge ” ) cuman ( “ to come ” ) + -a → cuma ( “ guest ” ) Weak:
FromProto-West Germanic *-ō Proto-Germanic *-ô
-a
Ending forming adverbs Though it was common in Proto-Germanic and Proto-West Germanic, in Old English this ending is restricted to only a few adverbs, among themsōna ( “ immediately ” ) andġeāra ( “ long ago ” ) . The competing suffix-e -līċe Middle English:-e ( fossilised ) -a
Forms thenominative ,accusative , andgenitive plural of o-stem feminine nouns and u-stem masculine nouns sunu ( “ son ” ) + -a → suna ( “ sons, sons' ” ) talu ( “ tale ” ) + -a → tala ( “ tales, tales' ” ) Inherited fromProto-West Germanic *-ō Proto-Germanic *-ǫ̂ Proto-Indo-European *-oHom eh₂ -stem ando -stem) nouns.
-a
Forms thegenitive plural of a-stem nouns word ( “ word ” ) + -a → worda ( “ words' ” ) -a
Forms thegenitive anddative singular of u-stem nouns sunu ( “ son ” ) + -a → suna ( “ son's, son ” ) Old Galician-Portuguese [ edit ] Inherited fromLatin -am
-a f plural -as
feminine singular of-o Inherited fromLatin -at Proto-Italic *-āt Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
-a
a suffix indicating thesecond-person singular present indicative of a verb in-ar amar ( “ to love ” ) + -a → ama ( “ [he/she/it] loves ” ) cantar ( “ to sing ” ) + -a → canta ( “ [he/she/it] sings ” ) Fala:-a Galician:-a Portuguese:-a FromProto-Celtic *yo Proto-Indo-European *Hyós
-a
combines with prepositions to form a relative pronoun ar ( “ for the sake of ” ) + -a → ara ( “ for the sake of whom/which ” ) Anallomorph of-iu *-is *-yūs -is was extended to-ais thanks to arebracketing of Proto-Celtic*mais ( “ more ” ) from*ma-is to*m-ais (neuter of*māyūs mó [ 1]
-a
forms the comparative degree of some adjectives Synonym: -iu lethan ( “ broad ” ) + -a → letha ( “ broader ” ) Used with a relatively small number of adjectives to form an irregular comparative. The regular, productive comparative suffix is-iu
^ Jasanoff, Jay (1988–1990 ), “The origin of the Celtic comparative type OIr. tressa, MW trech ‘stronger’”, inDie Sprache [2] 34 , published1991 , pages171–89 (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-a
indicates negation; does not (Can we add anexample for this sense?) Inherited fromProto-Germanic *-ōną
-a
createsdenominative verbs from nouns createsfactitive verbs from adjectives Icelandic:-a Faroese:-a Norwegian Nynorsk:-a -e ( dialectal, in verbs with jamvekt ) -å Old Swedish:-a Danish:-e FromProto-Germanic *-ê *-ô
-a
used to make adverbs from adjectives gjarn -a → gjarna FromProto-Germanic *-ǭ *-ô
-a f or n
occurs in the nominative singular of feminine on-stem nouns occurs in the singular of neuter an-stem nouns In thea -stems,inherited fromProto-Norse -ᚨᚾ ( -an ) , fromProto-Germanic *-anz ( a -stem accusative plural) , fromProto-Indo-European *-oms ( o -stem accusative plural) , from*-os ( o -stem suffix) +*-ms ( accusative plural suffix ) ; while in thean -stems, adopted on the model of thea -stems. CompareGothic -𐌰𐌽𐍃 ( -ans ) ,Old High German -a -ā
-a
Forms theindefinite accusative plural of masculinea -stem nouns. Forms theindefinite accusative plural of masculinean -stem nouns. Icelandic:-a Faroese:-a ( Suðuroy, obsolete ) [ 1] Elfdalian:-a Middle Norwegian:-a -e Old Swedish:-a Old Gutnish:-a Old Danish:-æ -e ^ Hammershaimb, V. U. (1854 ), “Færøisk sproglære”, inAnnaler for nordisk oldkyndighed og historie ,Kjöbenhavn :Det Kongelige Nordiske oldskriftselskab ,→OCLC page272 :Genstantisformen i flertallet er nu almindelig lig nævneformen af hankönsordene, ligesom i hunkonsordenes böjning, undtagen på Syderø, hvor den gamle endelse påa har holdt sig; her siger man da stedse: nf.drangar dranga snigla Inherited fromProto-Germanic *-ǫ̂ *-iwǫ̂ Proto-Indo-European *-oHom *-éw-oHom ).
-a
indefinite genitive plural ( of most nouns ) Icelandic:-a Faroese:-a Middle Norwegian:-a -æ -e Old Swedish:-a Old Gutnish:-a Old Danish:-æ -e Different noun forms.
indefinite oblique singular of-i ( masculine an-stem nouns ) Inherited fromProto-Slavic *-a
-a f
forms feminine nouns forms feminine names from masculine names forms feminine nominative and vocative forms of short forms of adjectives rad -a → rada FromOld Norse -a
-a
Createsdenominative verbs from nouns Createsfactitive verbs from adjectives Conjugation of-a present past infinitive -a — participle -andi ,-e -aþer active voice indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive iæk -ar -i ,-e — -aþi ,-e -aþi ,-e þū -ar -i ,-e -a -aþi ,-e -aþi ,-e han -ar -i ,-e — -aþi ,-e -aþi ,-e vīr -um ,-om -um ,-om -um ,-om -aþum ,-om -aþum ,-om īr -in -in -in -aþin -aþin þēr -a -in — -aþu ,-o -aþin mediopassive voice indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive iæk -as -is ,-es — -aþis ,-es -aþis ,-es þū -as -is ,-es — -aþis ,-es -aþis ,-es han -as -is ,-es — -aþis ,-es -aþis ,-es vīr -ums ,-oms -ums ,-oms — -aþums ,-oms -aþums ,-oms īr -ins -ins — -aþins -aþins þēr -as -ins — -aþus ,-os -aþins
Possibly fromProto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ doublet of-sab
Cognate withGuajajára Kamayurá Mbya Guarani , and Tapirapé -a
-a
forms nouns from a word's stem porang ( “ beautiful ” ,adjective ) + -a → poranga ( “ beauty ” ,noun ) nhe'eng ( “ to speak ” ,verb ) + -a → nhe'enga ( “ language ” ,noun ) forms the gerund of verbs ending in a consonant mim ( “ to hide ” ) + -a → mima ( “ hiding ” ) -a
third-person singular suffix -íi ( with e-ending verb stems ) -óo ( with a-ending verb stems ) -e ( Biori ) -úu ( with a-ending verb stems in Biori ) (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-a
plural suffix (with a-declension nouns) -á ( with accent-shifting nouns ) -ée ( alternation with ái-a for ai-ending nouns ) (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-a
oblique case suffix (with a-declension nouns) -á ( With accent shifting nouns ) -ée ( Alternation with ái-a for ai-ending nouns ) (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-a
masculine plural agreement suffix (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-a
masculine non-nominative and non-singular agreement suffix Henrik Liljegren; Naseem Haider (2011 ), “-a”, inPalula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[8] →ISBN Inherited fromOld Polish -a
-a f
forms nominative feminine nouns forms feminine names from masculine names Zdzisław -a → Zdzisława forms feminine nominative and vocative forms of short forms of adjectives rad -a → rada .-a m pers feminine -yni
forms masculine personalagent nouns Inherited fromOld Polish -á Proto-Slavic *-aja
-a f
forms feminine nominative and vocative forms of adjectives główny -a → główna Inherited fromProto-Slavic *-ьja Doublet of-ia
-a f neuter -e
forms collective nouns, causes palatalization -a
forms some plural forms, causes palatalization brat -a → bracia Inherited fromProto-Slavic *-a Proto-Indo-European *-éad
-a
used to create the masculine genitive singular, usually of animate nouns, but also of some inanimate nouns Zdzisław -a → Zdzisława but -a → buta forms genitive singular of neuter nouns zdanie -a → zdania used in some adverbial constructions od dawna zgoła Inherited fromProto-Slavic *-a
-a
forms the nominative plural of neuter nouns zdanie -a → zdania -a in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Inherited fromOld Galician-Portuguese -a Latin -am Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ *-h₂
-a f plural -as
feminine singular of-o uruguaio ( “ Uruguayan( masculine ) ” ) + -a → uruguaia ( “ Uruguayan( feminine ) ” ) -a f noun-forming suffix ,plural -as
forms feminine nouns from adjectives, indicating people having the quality of the source adjective Uruguai ( “ Uruguay ” ) + -o uruguaio ( “ Uruguayan ” ) + -a → uruguaia ( “ Uruguayan woman or girl ” ) Inherited fromOld Galician-Portuguese -a Latin -at
-a (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix )
a suffix indicating thethird-person singular present indicative of a verb in-ar amar ( “ to love ” ) + -a → ama ( “ [he/she/it] loves ” ) cantar ( “ to sing ” ) + -a → canta ( “ [he/she/it] sings ” ) FromOld Galician-Portuguese -a Latin -ā
-a (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix )
forms thesecond-person singular affirmative imperative of verbs ending in-ar João, conta -nos o teu apelido. ―John, tell us your last name. FromOld Galician-Portuguese -a Latin -am -eam
-a (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix )
forms thefirst-person singular present subjunctive of verbs ending in-er -ir É importante que eu coma carne. ―It is important that I eat meat. FromOld Galician-Portuguese -a Latin -at -eat
-a (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix )
forms thethird-person singular present subjunctive of verbs ending in-er -ir É importante que ele coma carne. ―It is important that he eat meat. forms thethird-person singular affirmative imperative of verbs ending in-er -ir Ei você aí, coma carne. ―Hey you there, eat meat. forms thethird-person singular negative imperative of verbs ending in-er -ir Ei você aí, não coma carne. ―Hey you there, don’t eat meat. The third-person imperative is not used with third person pronouns but rather withvocê (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium .)
-a m or f noun-forming suffix ,plural -as
( Brazil , slang ) used in the end of shortenings vestibular -a → vestiba ( “ university admittance test ” ) vagabundo -a → vagaba ( “ loafer ” ) -a
Forms the nominative plural of consonantal oikoclitic nouns phral ( “ brother ” ) + -a → phrala ( “ brothers ” ) ćhaj ( “ daughter ” ) + -a → ćhaja ( “ daughters ” ) Forms the accusative singular of unjotated oikoclitic animate feminine nouns daj ( “ mother ” ) + -a → daja Forms the feminine singular oblique of consonantal oikoclitic nouns. Displaced by-e phuro ( “ old (animate) ” ) + -a → phura Yaron Matras, Anton Tenser, editors (August2020 ),The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics , Palgrave Macmillan,→ISBN 30, 166 Inherited fromLatin illa ille
-ua used for feminine nouns ending in a stressed vowel or diphthong -a f
( definite article ) the ( feminine singular,nominative andaccusative ) This form of the definite article is used for feminine nouns in the nominative and accusative cases which end in-ă or in an unstressed vowel:
The suffix is also used with feminine adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases to make the articulated definite form, often for emphasis, and it is used before the noun it modifies:
-ei ( feminine singular genitive and dative ) -i ( masculine/neuter plural nominative and accusative ) -l ( masculine/neuter singular nominative and accusative ) -le ( feminine plural nominative and accusative ) -lor ( plural genitive and dative ) -lui ( masculine/neuter singular genitive and dative ) Inherited fromLatin -āre first conjugation verbs. Cognate withSpanish -ar French -er Italian -are
-a
A suffix forming infinitives of first conjugation verbs. -a f Cyrillic spelling -а noun-forming suffix )
suffix appended to words (usually verbal stems) to create a feminine noun, usually denoting a relation or to form a proper noun Inherited fromProto-Slavic *-a Proto-Indo-European *-ōd ablative ending.
-a (Cyrillic spelling -а
forms the genitive singular of masculine and neuter nouns and indefinite adjectives Inherited fromProto-Slavic *-ę
-a n
forms nouns for young animals and other diminutives After labio-dental and bilabial consonants-ä Inherited fromLatin -am
-a f noun-forming suffix ,plural -as
-ess formsfeminine singular nouns señor ( “ gentleman ” ) + -a → señora ( “ lady ” ) camarero ( “ waiter ” ) + -a → camarera ( “ waitress ” ) -a f non-lemma form of adjective-forming suffix )
forms feminine singular adjectives frío ( “ cold ” ) + -a → fría ( “ cold ” ) Inherited fromLatin -at French -e Romanian -ă
-a (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix )
forms the third-person singular (also used withusted -ar hablar ( “ to talk ” ) + -a → habla ( “ talks ” ) Inherited fromLatin -eam Latin -am Latin -iam Latin -eat Latin -at Latin -iat
-a (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix )
forms the first- and third-person singular (also used withusted -er -ir usted comer ( “ to eat ” ) + -a → aunque yocoma ( “ even if I ate ” ) salir ( “ to leave ” ) + -a → por favor,salga Ud. ( “ please leave ” ) ( formal ) Inherited fromLatin -ā ( second-person singular present active imperative ending of first conjugation verbs ) .
-a (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix )
forms the second-person singular imperative mood of-ar hablar ( “ to talk ” ) + -a → ¡Habla ! ( “ Talk! ” ) -a
positive indicative ending for verbs of Bantu origin Several tenses (such as the ones which historically derive from auxiliary + main verb) keep their ending-a even in the negative.
Swahili TAM markers
Initial Final General (positive indicative):-a Positive subjunctive:-e Negative present:-i Second person plural:-ni Infix position positive subject concord Infix position negative subject concord Negative past:-ku- 1 Negative future:-ta- "Not yet":-ja- 1 Negative present conditional:-nge- Negative past conditional:-ngali- Relative 1 Can take stress and therefore does not require-ku- -kw-
FromOld Swedish -a Old Norse -a Proto-Germanic *-ōną
-a
Averb -building suffix that can be added to nouns or adjectives. disk ( “ dishes ” ) + -a → diska ( “ to do the dishes ” ) mjölk ( “ milk ” ) + -a → mjölka ( “ to milk ” ) öl ( “ beer ” ) + -a → öla ( “ to drink beer ” ) For weak verbs with a voiceless ending stem: For weak verbs with a voiced ending stem: The language noun sense originally comes from the definite adjective +tunga ( “ tongue; language ” ) . Thussvenska ( “ Swedish ” ) was originallysvenska tungan (the Swedish tongue )
-a
( on a positive adjective ) Weak (definite) singular suffix, historically feminine Transform an adjective describing a people speaking a language into thenoun for that language. engelsk ( “ English ” ) + -a → engelska ( “ the English language ” ) On adjectives: Traditionally, if the noun is in the definite singular form it should not refer to a male human if it uses the suffix-a . If it refers to such a person, the suffix should instead be-e -e suffix at all, but use-a in all instances. -a
Definite plural suffix forneuter nouns of the fourth declension with regular plurals in -n, e.g.äpplen ( “ apples ” ) + -a → äpplena ( “ the apples ” ) ; see also-na In informal/dialectal usage,-a may be used instead of-en to form the definite plural of the irregular fourth-declension nounsöron ( “ ears ” ) ,ögon ( “ eyes ” ) . -a
Creates anoun from a numeral. tre ( “ three ” ) + -a → trea ( “ a bronze medalist; a three-room apartment ” , literally“ a three ” ) FromProto-Polynesian *-a Tuvaluan -a Samoan -a
-a
Creates a verb denoting an abundancy of the suffixed noun ;-ful aiha ( “ ice ” ) →aihā ( “ to be icy ” ) manava ( “ belly ” ) →manavā ( “ to be big-bellied ” ) -a
Added to transitive verbs when preceded by the subject pronoun. R. Simona, editor (1986 ),Tokelau Dictionary [9] preceding vowel a / ı / o / u e / i / ö / ü postconsonantal -a -e postvocalic -ya -ye
FromProto-Turkic *-ka ( “ dative case ” ) .
-a (in words with back vowel harmony )
Used to form thedative case İstanbul -a → İstanbul’a ( “ to Istanbul ” ) Ankara -a → Ankara’ya ( “ to Ankara ” ) İzmir -a → İzmir’e ( “ to Izmir ” ) babası -a → babasına ( “ to his father ” ) suyu içtikten sonra suyu geri buzdolabına koydum I put the water backin the fridge after drinking it preceding vowel a / ı / o / u e / i / ö / ü postconsonantal -a -e postvocalic -ya -ye
FromProto-Turkic *-ü ( “ gerundive suffix ” ) .
-a (in words with back vowel harmony )
Used to formgerunds Synonyms: -erek -ip yürümek -a → yürüye ( “ by walking ” ) preceding vowel a / ı / o / u e / i / ö / ü postconsonantal -a -e postvocalic -ya -ye
FromProto-Turkic *-gey ( “ optative-predictive future case ” ) .
-a (in words with back vowel harmony )
Used to form theoptative mood of verbs olmak ( “ to happen ” ) + -a → ola ( “ may it happen ” ) -a
Amorpheme used to mark thegenitive singular of aword (such as anoun ,adjective orpronoun ). It is also the most common morpheme used in creating innumerable compound words, some of which can be very long pled a din a selidöptoy store, toy shop tanoganil a medin antibiotic taglum a ladäl a medinanti-depressant natrin a karbat a züd telik bicarbonate of soda ElafTyrannosaurus rex älifon in taleda dil, kel nu binon dil Nolüda -Meropa . Tyrannosaurus rex lived in an area of the earth, which is now a part of North America.Buks binons stumem lärna zilana (/ lärna zilana stumem / stumem lärna zilanik). Books are a scholar's tools. Inherited fromLatin -āculum
-a
Forming masculine nouns from verbs and nouns, having the sense of 'tool, object for a specific purpose'. -af ( superlative; colloquial first-person singular future ) From-ha
-a
Formsverbnouns from verb stems. Usually denotes an action that is often repeated, e.g. frequenting a certain place or gathering a certain item. From-ha
-a
( literary ) verb suffix for thethird-person singular present indicative /future From-ha
-a
( literary ) verb suffix for thesecond-person singular present imperative ( colloquial ) verb suffix for thesecond-person singular present imperative From-af
-a
( colloquial ) used to form thesuperlative of an adjective of one or two syllables .Like the more formal-af teg ( “ fair ” ) isteca
From-af
-a
( colloquial ) verb suffix for thefirst-person singular future Variant orthographies ALIV -a Brazilian standard -a New Tribes -a
-a
Forms the nonpast tense. Marks imperfective aspect in both the recent and distant past tenses. This suffix can cause syllable reduction. The suffix takes the form-ka k ,-ya i , and-a in other contexts.
When marking the past imperfective, this suffix never occurs alone but is always accompanied by other suffixes bearing tense/aspect or at least number information. Conversely, when marking the nonpast tense, it occurs alone without other tense/aspect markers, though it can form a plural-aato
Cáceres, Natalia (2011 ),Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana [10] 213–224 
