- -시-(-si-) —after vowels andㄹ(l)
- -이시-(-isi-) —after stems that end inㅅ(s),ㅈ(j), orㅊ(ch)
- -우시-(-usi-) —after stems that end in the labial consonantsㅂ(b),ㅁ(m), &ㅍ(p)
Likelyborrowed fromEarly Modern Korean-으시-(-usi-), and it is suggested that it may have come from exiled scholars and government officials from the mainland.[1][2] Ultimately fromOld Korean賜(*-si).
| Romanizations |
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| Revised Romanization? | -eusi- |
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| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | eusi |
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| Yale Romanization? | usi |
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-으시- (-eusi-)
- An honorific suffix used primarily with the suffix-읍서(-eupseo,“formal imperative suffix”) to show an increased level of deference or social distance.
- 일흠ᄌᆞᆨ으십서. ―Ilheum jawg-eusip-seo. ―Please write down your name.
2020, Changyong Yang, Sejung Yang,William O'Grady,Jejueo: the language of Korea’s Jeju Island, Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai‘i Press,→DOI,→ISBN,→JSTOR, page216:말ᄀᆞᆯ으십서.- Mal gawreusipseo.
- Please talk.
- (rare)An honorific suffix for verbs and adjectives indicating that the subject of the sentence or the direct possessor of it is honored; it attaches directly to the stem, preceding all other suffixes.
2020, Changyong Yang, Sejung Yang,William O'Grady,Jejueo: the language of Korea’s Jeju Island, Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai‘i Press,→DOI,→ISBN,→JSTOR, page216:선싕님오션.- Seonsuing-nim o-syeon.
- The teacher arrived.
This ending is noted by multiple authors as a recent usage in the Jeju language, as it traditionally does have a complex system of subject honorifics like Korean does.[1][2][3][4]
- ↑1.01.1Changyong Yang, Sejung Yang,William O'Grady (2020)Jejueo : the language of Korea’s Jeju Island, Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai‘i Press,→DOI,→ISBN,→JSTOR, pages215-216
- ↑2.02.1Kim, Jee-hong (2001) “제주 방언 대우법 연구의 몇가지 문제 [jeju bang'eon dae'ubeop yeon'guui myeotgaji munje,A few issues in studies of deference in the Jeju dialect]”, in백록어문 [baengnogeomun], volume17, page17
- ^Hong, Jong-rim (1975) “제주도방언의 의문법에 대한 고찰: 서론 [jejudobang'eonui uimunbeobe daehan gochal: seoron,A study on the interrogative mood in the Jeju dialect: Introduction]”, in한국어교육학회, volume 8, page158
- ^Hyun, Pyung-hyo (1977) “제주도 방언의 존대법 [jejudo bang'eonui jondaebeop,Honorifics in the Jeju dialect]”, in국어국문학, volume74, page23
- -시-(-si-) —after vowels andㄹ(l)
FromMiddle Korean-으시〮/ᄋᆞ시〮- (Yale:-ùsí/òsí-), fromOld Korean賜(*-si).
| Romanizations |
|---|
| Revised Romanization? | eusi |
|---|
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | eusi |
|---|
| McCune–Reischauer? | ŭsi |
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| Yale Romanization? | usi |
|---|
-으시-• (-eusi-)
- An honorific suffix for verbs and adjectives indicating that the subject of the sentence or the direct possessor of it is honored; it attaches directly to the stem, preceding all other suffixes.
얘야,형님은운동을언제하시냐?- yae-ya, hyeongnim-eun undong-eul eonje hasinya?
- Child, when does your older brother do his exercises?
손이정말예쁘시네요.- Son-i jeongmal yeppeusineyo.
- Your hand is truly pretty.
선생님께서여기로오신다.- Seonsaengnim-kkeseo yeogi-ro osinda.
- The teacher is coming here.
- (proscribed)An honorific suffix for verbs and adjectives indicating that the addressee (not the subject or the possessor) is honored
손님,문이열리시겠습니다.- Sonnim, mun-i yeollisigetseumnida.
- Sir, the door is about to open.
- Honoring may be considered a broad or confusing term, but it indicates that the speaker is implying that the subject (or the possessor of the subject) is above their social status level; this can include people from parents and siblings to chiefs of companies, professionals like doctors, and the president. It can also be used sarcastically, such as when joking with a close friend.
- Within the more older generation, the honorific suffix can be seen used to honor the weather such as비가 오신다(biga osinda,“it is raining”), this is becoming less and less common though.
- Traditionally, when a third person is honored, the speaker is implying that theaddressee is also below the social status of the third person. As a result, this can come across as rude to the listener if the listener is not actually of such lower status. This use of the honorific is called압존법(apjonbeop). However, this principle is increasingly less used among younger speakers, who might instead often consider it impolite to not honor the third person.
- In the colloquial language,-시-(-si-) is also used to honor the addressee in a conversation to a level greater than that allowed by the-습니다(-seumnida) suffix alone. Despite the fact that this is attested since as early as Middle Korean, this form is still generally consideredprescriptively wrong, although it remains widespread and may eventually be accepted as standard.
- As the suffix begins withㅅ(s), it causes the rootㄹ(l) to elide:우시다(usida,“for someone to cry”) from울다(ulda,“to cry”).
- Some verbs have special forms of honorifics that use a different root. These verbs include:계시다(gyesida),잡수시다(japsusida),드시다(deusida), etc...
- 님(nim), the honorific suffix for many nouns
- -께서(-kkeseo), the honorific nominative case suffix
- -옵-(-op-), the object honorific
