| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | -da |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | da |
| Yale Romanization? | ta |
-다 (-da)
FromMiddle Korean-다〮 (Yale:-tá), fromOld Korean如(*-ta). First uncontroversially attested in 695C.E.[1]
-다• (-da)
The contraction may be first attested only in the early twentieth century, such as in the 1922 literary journalBaekjo.[2]
-다• (-da)
FromMiddle Korean-다 (Yale:-tà); see the main entry for more.
-다• (-da)
FromOld Korean如(*-ta).
다〮 (tá)
Surfaces as thelenitedallomorph-라〮(-lá) after the following:
| Middle Korean sentence enders | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form | Mood | Notes | Applied to셔(sye-,“to stand”) | ||||
| 다〮(-tá) -라〮(-lá) | Declarative | Unmarked | 셔다〮 (Yale:syètá) | ||||
| -우〮마〮(-wúmá) | Promissive | 셔우〮마〮 (Yale:syèwúmá) | |||||
| -ㄴ(-n) | 다〮(-tá) | Interrogative | Realis | Obligatory for second-person (2P) subject | 션다〮 (Yale:syèntá) | ||
| -가〮(-ka) | Polar question, non-2P subject | 션가〮 (Yale:syènká) | |||||
| -고〮(-kwo) | Wh-word question, non-2P subject | 션고〮 (Yale:syènkwó) | |||||
| -ㅭ(-lq) | 다〮(-tá) | Irrealis | Obligatory for 2P subject | 셜따〮 (Yale:syèlttá) | |||
| -가〮(-ká) | Polar question, non-2P subject | 셜까〮 (Yale:syèlkká) | |||||
| -고〮(-kwó) | Wh-word question, non-2P subject | 셜꼬〮 (Yale:syèlkkwó) | |||||
| -니〮-(-ní-) | -아〮(-Gá) | Realis | Non-honorific | Polar question | 셔니〮아〮 (Yale:syèníGá),셔녀〮 (Yale:syènyé) | ||
| -오〮(-Gwó) | Non-polar question | 셔니〮오〮 (Yale:syèníGwó),셔뇨〮 (Yale:syènywó) | |||||
| -ㅅ-(-s-) | -가〮(-ká) | Deferential | No polarity distinction | 셔닛〮가〮 (Yale:syèníská) | |||
| -ᅌᅵᆺ-(-ngìs-) | Highly deferential | 셔니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale:syèníngìská) | |||||
| -리〮-(-lí-) | -아〮(-Gá) | Irrealis | Non-honorific | Polar question | 셔리〮아〮 (Yale:syèlíGá),셔려〮 (Yale:syèlyé) | ||
| -오〮(-Gwó) | Non-polar question | 셔리〮오〮 (Yale:syèlíGwó),셔료〮 (Yale:syèlywó) | |||||
| -ㅅ-(-s-) | 가〮(-ká) | Deferential | No polarity distinction | 셔릿〮가〮 (Yale:syèlíská) | |||
| -ᅌᅵᆺ-(-ngìs-) | Highly deferential | 셔리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale:syèlíngìská) | |||||
| -라〮(-lá) | Imperative | Ordering | Non-honorific | 셔라〮 (Yale:syèlá) | |||
| -아〮쎠〮(-ássyé) -어〮쎠〮(-éssyé) | Deferential | 셔〮쎠〮 (Yale:syéssyé) | |||||
| -쇼〮셔〮(-syósyé) | Highly deferential | 셔쇼〮셔〮 (Yale:syèsyósyé) | |||||
| -고〮-(-kwó-) -오〮-(-Gwó-) | -라〮(-lá) | Requesting | Non-honorific | 셔고〮라〮 (Yale:syèkwólá) | |||
| -려〮(-lyé) | Deferential | 셔고〮려〮 (Yale:syèkwólyé) | |||||
| -ᅌᅵ-(-ngì-) | 다〮(-tá) | Highly deferential | 셔고〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale:syèkwóngìtá) | ||||
| -져〮(-cyé) | Propositive | Plain | 셔져〮 (Yale:syècyé) | ||||
| -사〮-(-sá-) | -ᅌᅵ-(-ngì-) | 다〮(-tá) | Deferential | 셔사〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale:syèsángìtá) | |||
| -ㄴ(-n) | -뎌〮(-tyé) | Exclamatory | Self-honoring | 션뎌〮 (Yale:syèntyé) | |||
| -ㅭ(-lq) | -셔〮(-syé) | 셜쎠〮 (Yale:syèlssyé) | |||||
| -고〮나〮(-kwóná) | Only sixteenth century | 셔고〮나〮 (Yale:syèkwóná) | |||||
| Based on나찬연 2020,중세 국어의 이해; Lee and Ramsey 2011,History of the Korean Language. Morphological segmentation of the verbal paradigm sometimes differs between analyses. The list is not exhaustive. | |||||||