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-क

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Hindi

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromSanskrit-क(-ka).Doublet of-आ().

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-क (-kam

  1. (productive only with Sanskrit loans)adiminutivemasculinenominalsuffix

Derived terms

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Konkani

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Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

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-क (-k) (Latin script-k,Kannada script-ಕ)

  1. marks theaccusative/dativecase

Usage notes

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Always appended to the oblique stem of the noun.

भाचो(bhātsô) + ‎-क(-ka) → ‎भाच्याक(bhātsyāk)

Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Alternative scripts

Etymology

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Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European*-kos
Sanskrit-क

    FromProto-Indo-Iranian*-kas, fromProto-Indo-European*-kos. CompareProto-Slavic*-ъka for the diminutive sense.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -क (-kam(feminine-का(-kā))

    1. adiminutivemasculinenominalsuffix
      शश(śaśa,hare) + ‎-क(-ka) → ‎शशक(śaśaka,rabbit), literallylittle hare
      पुत्र(putrá,son) + ‎-क(-ka) → ‎पुत्रक(putraká,little son)
    2. formsagent nouns from other nouns
      फेन(phena,foam) + ‎-क(-ka) → ‎फेनक(phenaka,soap), literallyfoam-maker

    Usage notes

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    The suffix is most often accented when forming a diminutive.

    Declension

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    Masculine a-stem declension of-क
    singulardualplural
    nominative-कः(-kaḥ)-कौ(-kau)
    -का¹(-kā¹)
    -काः(-kāḥ)
    -कासः¹(-kāsaḥ¹)
    accusative-कम्(-kam)-कौ(-kau)
    -का¹(-kā¹)
    -कान्(-kān)
    instrumental-केन(-kena)-काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-कैः(-kaiḥ)
    -केभिः¹(-kebhiḥ¹)
    dative-काय(-kāya)-काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ)
    ablative-कात्(-kāt)-काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ)
    genitive-कस्य(-kasya)-कयोः(-kayoḥ)-कानाम्(-kānām)
    locative-के(-ke)-कयोः(-kayoḥ)-केषु(-keṣu)
    vocative-क(-ka)-कौ(-kau)
    -का¹(-kā¹)
    -काः(-kāḥ)
    -कासः¹(-kāsaḥ¹)
    • ¹Vedic

    Derived terms

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    CategorySanskrit terms suffixed with -क (agent noun) not found

    Descendants

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    • Hindi:-क(-ka,diminutive suffix)

    Suffix

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    -क (-kan

    1. formsabstract orcollective nouns
      Synonym:-का(-kā)
      मातृ(mātṛ,mother) + ‎-क(-ka) → ‎मातृक(mātṛka,the nature of a mother)
      वृद्ध(vṛddha,old) + ‎-क(-ka) → ‎वार्द्धक(vārddhaka,old age; a multitude of old men)

    Declension

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    Neuter a-stem declension of-क
    singulardualplural
    nominative-कम्(-kam)-के(-ke)-कानि(-kāni)
    -का¹(-kā¹)
    accusative-कम्(-kam)-के(-ke)-कानि(-kāni)
    -का¹(-kā¹)
    instrumental-केन(-kena)-काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-कैः(-kaiḥ)
    -केभिः¹(-kebhiḥ¹)
    dative-काय(-kāya)-काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ)
    ablative-कात्(-kāt)-काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ)
    genitive-कस्य(-kasya)-कयोः(-kayoḥ)-कानाम्(-kānām)
    locative-के(-ke)-कयोः(-kayoḥ)-केषु(-keṣu)
    vocative-क(-ka)-के(-ke)-कानि(-kāni)
    -का¹(-kā¹)
    • ¹Vedic

    Derived terms

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    Suffix

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    -क (-ka)

    1. forms adjectives from other parts of speech
      अन्त(ánta,end) + ‎-क(-ka) → ‎अन्तक(ántaka,making an end)
      मनुष्य(manuṣyà,a man) + ‎-क(-ka) → ‎मानुष्यक(mā́nuṣyaka,human)
      अनु(ánu,after) + ‎-क(-ka) → ‎अनुक(ánuka,following)
      एक(éka,one) + ‎-क(-ka) → ‎एकक(ekaká,single)
      अस्ति(asti,(there) is) + ‎-क(-ka) → ‎आस्तिक(āstika,one who believes in the existence (of God))
    2. forms adjectives from other adjectives, often with no difference in meaning
      बद्ध(baddhá) + ‎-क(-ka) → ‎बद्धक(báddhaka)

    Declension

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    Masculine a-stem declension of-क
    singulardualplural
    nominative-कः(-kaḥ)-कौ(-kau)
    -का¹(-kā¹)
    -काः(-kāḥ)
    -कासः¹(-kāsaḥ¹)
    accusative-कम्(-kam)-कौ(-kau)
    -का¹(-kā¹)
    -कान्(-kān)
    instrumental-केन(-kena)-काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-कैः(-kaiḥ)
    -केभिः¹(-kebhiḥ¹)
    dative-काय(-kāya)-काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ)
    ablative-कात्(-kāt)-काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ)
    genitive-कस्य(-kasya)-कयोः(-kayoḥ)-कानाम्(-kānām)
    locative-के(-ke)-कयोः(-kayoḥ)-केषु(-keṣu)
    vocative-क(-ka)-कौ(-kau)
    -का¹(-kā¹)
    -काः(-kāḥ)
    -कासः¹(-kāsaḥ¹)
    • ¹Vedic
    Feminine ā-stem declension of-का
    singulardualplural
    nominative-का(-kā)-के(-ke)-काः(-kāḥ)
    accusative-काम्(-kām)-के(-ke)-काः(-kāḥ)
    instrumental-कया(-kayā)
    -का¹(-kā¹)
    -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-काभिः(-kābhiḥ)
    dative-कायै(-kāyai)-काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-काभ्यः(-kābhyaḥ)
    ablative-कायाः(-kāyāḥ)
    -कायै²(-kāyai²)
    -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-काभ्यः(-kābhyaḥ)
    genitive-कायाः(-kāyāḥ)
    -कायै²(-kāyai²)
    -कयोः(-kayoḥ)-कानाम्(-kānām)
    locative-कायाम्(-kāyām)-कयोः(-kayoḥ)-कासु(-kāsu)
    vocative-के(-ke)-के(-ke)-काः(-kāḥ)
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Brāhmaṇas
    Neuter a-stem declension of-क
    singulardualplural
    nominative-कम्(-kam)-के(-ke)-कानि(-kāni)
    -का¹(-kā¹)
    accusative-कम्(-kam)-के(-ke)-कानि(-kāni)
    -का¹(-kā¹)
    instrumental-केन(-kena)-काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-कैः(-kaiḥ)
    -केभिः¹(-kebhiḥ¹)
    dative-काय(-kāya)-काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ)
    ablative-कात्(-kāt)-काभ्याम्(-kābhyām)-केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ)
    genitive-कस्य(-kasya)-कयोः(-kayoḥ)-कानाम्(-kānām)
    locative-के(-ke)-कयोः(-kayoḥ)-केषु(-keṣu)
    vocative-क(-ka)-के(-ke)-कानि(-kāni)
    -का¹(-kā¹)
    • ¹Vedic

    The feminine on-की(-kī) is used withvṛddhi derivatives:

    Feminine ī-stem declension of-की
    singulardualplural
    nominative-की(-kī)-क्यौ(-kyau)
    -की¹(-kī¹)
    -क्यः(-kyaḥ)
    -कीः¹(-kīḥ¹)
    accusative-कीम्(-kīm)-क्यौ(-kyau)
    -की¹(-kī¹)
    -कीः(-kīḥ)
    instrumental-क्या(-kyā)-कीभ्याम्(-kībhyām)-कीभिः(-kībhiḥ)
    dative-क्यै(-kyai)-कीभ्याम्(-kībhyām)-कीभ्यः(-kībhyaḥ)
    ablative-क्याः(-kyāḥ)
    -क्यै²(-kyai²)
    -कीभ्याम्(-kībhyām)-कीभ्यः(-kībhyaḥ)
    genitive-क्याः(-kyāḥ)
    -क्यै²(-kyai²)
    -क्योः(-kyoḥ)-कीनाम्(-kīnām)
    locative-क्याम्(-kyām)-क्योः(-kyoḥ)-कीषु(-kīṣu)
    vocative-कि(-ki)-क्यौ(-kyau)
    -की¹(-kī¹)
    -क्यः(-kyaḥ)
    -कीः¹(-kīḥ¹)
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Brāhmaṇas

    Derived terms

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    Related terms

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    References

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    Further reading

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    • Wackernagel, Jakob; Albert Debrunner (1896-1964),Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher)‎[2] (in German), Vol. II.2:Die Nominalsuffixe, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, published1954,360-8, pages515-540
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