Borrowed fromSanskrit-क(-ka).Doublet of-आ(-ā).
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
-क• (-k) (Latin script-k,Kannada script-ಕ)
Always appended to the oblique stem of the noun.
FromProto-Indo-Iranian*-kas, fromProto-Indo-European*-kos. CompareProto-Slavic*-ъka for the diminutive sense.
The suffix is most often accented when forming a diminutive.
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -कः(-kaḥ) | -कौ(-kau) -का¹(-kā¹) | -काः(-kāḥ) -कासः¹(-kāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | -कम्(-kam) | -कौ(-kau) -का¹(-kā¹) | -कान्(-kān) |
| instrumental | -केन(-kena) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -कैः(-kaiḥ) -केभिः¹(-kebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | -काय(-kāya) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -कात्(-kāt) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -कस्य(-kasya) | -कयोः(-kayoḥ) | -कानाम्(-kānām) |
| locative | -के(-ke) | -कयोः(-kayoḥ) | -केषु(-keṣu) |
| vocative | -क(-ka) | -कौ(-kau) -का¹(-kā¹) | -काः(-kāḥ) -कासः¹(-kāsaḥ¹) |
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -कम्(-kam) | -के(-ke) | -कानि(-kāni) -का¹(-kā¹) |
| accusative | -कम्(-kam) | -के(-ke) | -कानि(-kāni) -का¹(-kā¹) |
| instrumental | -केन(-kena) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -कैः(-kaiḥ) -केभिः¹(-kebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | -काय(-kāya) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -कात्(-kāt) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -कस्य(-kasya) | -कयोः(-kayoḥ) | -कानाम्(-kānām) |
| locative | -के(-ke) | -कयोः(-kayoḥ) | -केषु(-keṣu) |
| vocative | -क(-ka) | -के(-ke) | -कानि(-kāni) -का¹(-kā¹) |
-क• (-ka)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -कः(-kaḥ) | -कौ(-kau) -का¹(-kā¹) | -काः(-kāḥ) -कासः¹(-kāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | -कम्(-kam) | -कौ(-kau) -का¹(-kā¹) | -कान्(-kān) |
| instrumental | -केन(-kena) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -कैः(-kaiḥ) -केभिः¹(-kebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | -काय(-kāya) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -कात्(-kāt) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -कस्य(-kasya) | -कयोः(-kayoḥ) | -कानाम्(-kānām) |
| locative | -के(-ke) | -कयोः(-kayoḥ) | -केषु(-keṣu) |
| vocative | -क(-ka) | -कौ(-kau) -का¹(-kā¹) | -काः(-kāḥ) -कासः¹(-kāsaḥ¹) |
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -का(-kā) | -के(-ke) | -काः(-kāḥ) |
| accusative | -काम्(-kām) | -के(-ke) | -काः(-kāḥ) |
| instrumental | -कया(-kayā) -का¹(-kā¹) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -काभिः(-kābhiḥ) |
| dative | -कायै(-kāyai) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -काभ्यः(-kābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -कायाः(-kāyāḥ) -कायै²(-kāyai²) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -काभ्यः(-kābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -कायाः(-kāyāḥ) -कायै²(-kāyai²) | -कयोः(-kayoḥ) | -कानाम्(-kānām) |
| locative | -कायाम्(-kāyām) | -कयोः(-kayoḥ) | -कासु(-kāsu) |
| vocative | -के(-ke) | -के(-ke) | -काः(-kāḥ) |
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -कम्(-kam) | -के(-ke) | -कानि(-kāni) -का¹(-kā¹) |
| accusative | -कम्(-kam) | -के(-ke) | -कानि(-kāni) -का¹(-kā¹) |
| instrumental | -केन(-kena) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -कैः(-kaiḥ) -केभिः¹(-kebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | -काय(-kāya) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -कात्(-kāt) | -काभ्याम्(-kābhyām) | -केभ्यः(-kebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -कस्य(-kasya) | -कयोः(-kayoḥ) | -कानाम्(-kānām) |
| locative | -के(-ke) | -कयोः(-kayoḥ) | -केषु(-keṣu) |
| vocative | -क(-ka) | -के(-ke) | -कानि(-kāni) -का¹(-kā¹) |
The feminine on-की(-kī) is used withvṛddhi derivatives:
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -की(-kī) | -क्यौ(-kyau) -की¹(-kī¹) | -क्यः(-kyaḥ) -कीः¹(-kīḥ¹) |
| accusative | -कीम्(-kīm) | -क्यौ(-kyau) -की¹(-kī¹) | -कीः(-kīḥ) |
| instrumental | -क्या(-kyā) | -कीभ्याम्(-kībhyām) | -कीभिः(-kībhiḥ) |
| dative | -क्यै(-kyai) | -कीभ्याम्(-kībhyām) | -कीभ्यः(-kībhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -क्याः(-kyāḥ) -क्यै²(-kyai²) | -कीभ्याम्(-kībhyām) | -कीभ्यः(-kībhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -क्याः(-kyāḥ) -क्यै²(-kyai²) | -क्योः(-kyoḥ) | -कीनाम्(-kīnām) |
| locative | -क्याम्(-kyām) | -क्योः(-kyoḥ) | -कीषु(-kīṣu) |
| vocative | -कि(-ki) | -क्यौ(-kyau) -की¹(-kī¹) | -क्यः(-kyaḥ) -कीः¹(-kīḥ¹) |