-ить• (-iť)

1. definitesingulargenitive of-и(-i)

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*-iti.

• (unstressed)IPA^(key): [ʲɪtʲ]
• (stressed)IPA^(key): [ˈʲitʲ]

-и́тьor-ить• (-ítʹor-itʹ)

1. the infinitive suffix for many verbs; usually indicates a perfective verb
2. a suffix used to formfactitive verbs from nouns, i.e. verbs having the meaning "to make X(er)" for X an adjective or noun; usually used with a prefix such asо-(o-),об-(ob-) orу-(u-)

   ‎о-(o-) + ‎сла́бый(slábyj,“weak”) + ‎-ить(-itʹ) → ‎осла́бить(oslábitʹ,“toweaken”)

   ‎о-(o-) + ‎бе́дный(bédnyj,“poor”) + ‎-и́ть(-ítʹ) → ‎обедни́ть(obednítʹ,“toimpoverish”)

   ‎о-(o-) + ‎свобо́д(ный)(svobód(nyj),“free”) + ‎-и́ть(-ítʹ) → ‎освободи́ть(osvobodítʹ,“toliberate”)

   ‎о-(o-) + ‎кайма́(kajmá,“border,hem,edge”) + ‎-и́ть(-ítʹ) → ‎окайми́ть(okajmítʹ,“to provide with aborder,hem oredge”)

   ‎о-(o-) + ‎зо́лото(zóloto,“gold”) + ‎-и́ть(-ítʹ) → ‎озолоти́ть(ozolotítʹ,“togild”)

   ‎об-(ob-) + ‎о́бщий(óbščij,“general”) + ‎-и́ть(-ítʹ) → ‎обобщи́ть(obobščítʹ,“togeneralize”)

   ‎у-(u-) + ‎то́нкий(tónkij,“thin,subtle,fine”) + ‎-и́ть(-ítʹ) → ‎утончи́ть(utončítʹ,“to make (more)subtle, torefine”)

   ‎у-(u-) + ‎кре́п(кий)(krép(kij),“strong”) + ‎-и́ть(-ítʹ) → ‎укрепи́ть(ukrepítʹ,“tostrengthen”)

   ‎у-(u-) + ‎лу́чший(lúčšij,“better”) + ‎-ить(-itʹ) → ‎улу́чшить(ulúčšitʹ,“toimprove”)

   ‎по-(po-) + ‎ни́з(кий)(níz(kij),“low”) + ‎-ить(-itʹ) → ‎пони́зить(ponízitʹ,“tolower”)

3. A suffix used to form negativefactitive verbs fromбез-(bez-,“without,-less”) (orбес-(bes-)) + a noun, i.e. verbs having the meaning "to deprive of X" for X a noun. Usually used withо-(o-) and commonly corresponding to English verbs inde- ordis-.

   ‎о-(o-) + ‎без-(bez-) + ‎лес(les,“forest”) + ‎-ить(-itʹ) → ‎обезле́сить(obezlésitʹ,“todeforest”)

   ‎о-(o-) + ‎без-(bez-) + ‎лю́ди(ljúdi,“people”) + ‎-ить(-itʹ) → ‎обезлю́дить(obezljúditʹ,“todepopulate”)

   ‎о-(o-) + ‎без-(bez-) + ‎ору́жие(orúžije,“weapon”) + ‎-ить(-itʹ) → ‎обезору́жить(obezorúžitʹ,“todisarm”)

   ‎о-(o-) + ‎без-(bez-) + ‎вред(vred,“harm”) + ‎-ить(-itʹ) → ‎обезвре́дить(obezvréditʹ,“todefuse, torenderharmless”)

   ‎о-(o-) + ‎бес-(bes-) + ‎цвет(cvet,“color”) + ‎-ить(-itʹ) → ‎обесцве́тить(obescvétitʹ,“todesaturate, tobleach, toturnblack and white”)

• When added onto a stem ending in avelar consonant, theSlavic first palatalization applies.
• When added onto an adjective ending in a suffix such as-ный(-nyj) or-кий(-kij), the suffix may or may not be preserved (see examples above for both cases).
• Negative factitives are not always easily distinguished from positive factitives formed from adjectives beginning withбез-(bez-,“-less”); compareобезвре́дить(obezvréditʹ,“torenderharmless; todefuse (abomb)”), derivable either fromо-(o-) +безвре́д(ный)(bezvréd(nyj),“harmless”) +-ить(-itʹ) or fromо-(o-) +без-(bez-) +вред(vred,“harm”) +-ить(-itʹ). (Similarly, the other examples above are alternatively derivable fromбезле́сный(bezlésnyj,“treeless”),безлю́дный(bezljúdnyj,“uninhabited”),безору́жный(bezorúžnyj,“unarmed”) andбесцве́тный(bescvétnyj,“colorless”), respectively.) Some examples are more easily derived one way than the other; e.g.обессме́ртить(obessmértitʹ,“toimmortalize”) is probably better derived as a positive factitive fromбессме́ртный(bessmértnyj,“immortal”).
• Negative factitives, as well as positive factitives derived from adjectives beginning withбез-(bez-) orбес-(bes-), have some special properties compared with other factitives. They are normally derived specifically with the prefixо-(o-) and the unstressed suffix-ить(-itʹ), form abstract nouns in unstressed-ение(-enije) (when-е́ние(-énije) would normally be expected), and form imperfectives in-ивать(-ivatʹ) (rather than-я́ть(-játʹ)).

stem-stressed:

ending-stressed:

• -ать(-atʹ),-ять(-jatʹ),-еть(-etʹ)
• -ть(-tʹ),-ти(-ti)

• Moksha non-lemma forms
• Moksha suffix forms
• Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
• Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
• Russian 1-syllable words
• Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
• Russian lemmas
• Russian suffixes
• Russian verb-forming suffixes
• Russian class 4 verbs
• Russian class 4a verbs
• Russian imperfective verbs
• Russian transitive verbs
• Russian class 4b verbs
• Russian class 4c verbs

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