• -ать: IPA^(key): [ətʲ]
• -а́ть: IPA^(key): [ˈatʲ]
• Rhymes:-atʲ

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*-ati.

• -ять(-jatʹ)

-атьor-а́ть• (-atʹor-átʹ)

1. The infinitive suffix for many verbs. Usually indicates an imperfective verb.
2. Used in place of-я́ть(-játʹ) after the hushing sibilantsш щ ч ж and afterжд, when used to derive imperfective verbs from (normally but not always prefixed) perfective class 4 verbs (in-ить(-itʹ)) following one ofт д с з ш ж ч щ. Always stressed. Triggersiotation of the final stem consonant, but it is unpredictable whether the iotation ofт results inч orщ and whether the iotation ofд results inж orжд. Very occasionally found with class 5 verbs in-еть(-etʹ).

   ‎по-(po-) + ‎ме́тить impf(métitʹ,“tomark”) → ‎поме́тить pf(pométitʹ,“tomark, todate”) + ‎-а́ть(-átʹ) → ‎помеча́ть impf(pomečátʹ)

   ‎за-(za-) + ‎роди́ть impf(rodítʹ,“togive birth”) → ‎зароди́ть pf(zarodítʹ,“toengender”) + ‎-а́ть(-átʹ) → ‎зарожда́ть impf(zaroždátʹ)

   ‎ко́нчить pf(kónčitʹ,“tofinish”) + ‎-а́ть(-átʹ) → ‎конча́ть impf(končátʹ)

   ‎оби́деть pf(obídetʹ,“tooffend, toinsult”) + ‎-а́ть(-átʹ) → ‎обижа́ть impf(obižátʹ)

3. Used to derive imperfective verbs from certain classes of prefixed perfective verbs, where the stem ends in a non-palatal consonant, e.g. class 3 (-нуть(-nutʹ)), class 6 (some-ать(-atʹ), particularly where the present tense does not end in-аю(-aju)), class 7 (-ть(-tʹ) after a consonant and-ти(-ti)), class 8 (-чь(-čʹ)). Always stressed (which may be the only difference between the perfective and imperfective forms, esp. for class 6 perfectives). It is added to the underlying stem, minus the infinitive suffix. In some cases, the underlying stem is not apparent in the infinitive. In such a case, the stem may appear in the present tense (in class 7 verbs such asнапа́сть(napástʹ), underlying stemнапа́д- visible in present 1st singularнападу́(napadú), or in class 8 verbs such asотсе́чь(otséčʹ), underlying stemотсе́к- visible in present 1st singularотсеку́(otsekú)) or may not (in class 3 verbs in-нуть, e.g.поки́нуть(pokínutʹ), underlying stemпоки́д-).

   ‎за-(za-) + ‎мо́лкнуть impf(mólknutʹ,“tofade, togrowquiet”) → ‎замо́лкнуть pf(zamólknutʹ,“to becomesilent”) + ‎-а́ть(-átʹ) → ‎замолка́ть impf(zamolkátʹ)

   ‎об-(ob-) + ‎грызть impf(gryztʹ,“tognaw”) → ‎обгры́зть pf(obgrýztʹ,“tognaw around”) + ‎-а́ть(-átʹ) → ‎обгрыза́ть impf(obgryzátʹ)

   ‎на-(na-) + ‎пасть impf(pastʹ,“tofall”) → ‎напа́сть pf(napástʹ,“tofall on, toattack”)(underlying stemнапа́д-) + ‎-а́ть(-átʹ) → ‎напада́ть impf(napadátʹ)

   ‎от-(ot-) + ‎сечь impf(sečʹ,“tocut, tochop”) → ‎отсе́чь pf(otséčʹ,“tocut off, tochopoff”)(underlying stemотсе́к-) + ‎-а́ть(-átʹ) → ‎отсека́ть impf(otsekátʹ)

   ‎раз-(raz-) + ‎ре́зать impf(rézatʹ,“tocut, tocarve”) → ‎разре́зать pf(razrézatʹ,“tocut off”) + ‎-а́ть(-átʹ) → ‎разреза́ть impf(razrezátʹ)

   ‎по-(po-) + ‎ки́нуть impf(kínutʹ,“tothrow”) → ‎поки́нуть pf(pokínutʹ,“toleave, toabandon”)(underlying stemпоки́д-) + ‎-а́ть(-átʹ) → ‎покида́ть impf(pokidátʹ)

4. Occasionally, irregularly used to derive imperfective verbs from (normally but not always prefixed) perfective class 4 (-ить(-itʹ)) and class 5 (some-еть(-etʹ)) verbs where the stem ends in a paired palatal consonant. Always stressed. Does not triggeriotation.

   ‎с-(s-) + ‎купи́ть impf(kupítʹ,“tobuy”) → ‎скупи́ть pf(skupítʹ,“tobuy up”) + ‎-а́ть(-átʹ) → ‎скупа́ть impf(skupátʹ)

   ‎от-(ot-) + ‎руби́ть impf(rubítʹ,“tochop”) → ‎отруби́ть pf(otrubítʹ,“tochopoff”) + ‎-а́ть(-átʹ) → ‎отруба́ть impf(otrubátʹ)

   ‎ступи́ть pf(stupítʹ,“totread, tostep”) + ‎-а́ть(-átʹ) → ‎ступа́ть impf(stupátʹ)

   ‎до-(do-) + ‎горе́ть impf(gorétʹ,“toburn”) → ‎догоре́ть pf(dogorétʹ,“toburn down, toburn out”) + ‎-а́ть(-átʹ) → ‎догора́ть impf(dogorátʹ)

ending-stressed:

stem-stressed:

• -ять(-jatʹ),-еть(-etʹ),-ить(-itʹ)
• -ть(-tʹ),-ти(-ti)

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*-ati, from earlier*-ěti, fromProto-Balto-Slavic*-ēˀtei, fromProto-Indo-European*-eh₁- (stative suffix).

• -е́ть(-étʹ) —not after hushing sibilants or /j/
• -я́ть(-játʹ) —after underling /j/

-а́ть• (-átʹ)

1. Used in place of-е́ть(-étʹ) after the hushing sibilantsш щ ч ж, when used to derive class-5 imperfective verbs from nouns, especially onomatopoeic verbs. Probably no longer productive.

ending-stressed (type 5b):

ending-stressed (type 5c):

stem-stressed (type 5a):

• Russian 1-syllable words
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• Rhymes:Russian/atʲ
• Rhymes:Russian/atʲ/2 syllables
• Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
• Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
• Russian lemmas
• Russian suffixes
• Russian verb-forming suffixes
• Russian class 1 verbs
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• Russian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
• Russian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
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• Russian class 5 verbs
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• Russian class 5c verbs
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