Inherited fromOld East Slavic -ие ( -ije ) , fromProto-Slavic *-ьje
-а • (-a )
alternative form of-е ( -je ) ; used afterш, ч, ж formed as a result of theSlavic first palatalization , as well as sometimes afterр па- ( pa- ,“ across ,along ” ) + грані́ца ( hraníca ,“ border ” ) + -а ( -a ) → паграні́чча ( pahraníčča ,“ region along the border ” ) за- ( za- ) + ці́хі ( cíxi ,“ quiet ,still ” ) + -а ( -a ) → заці́шша ( zacíšša ,“ lull ,calm ” ) без- ( bjez- ,“ without ” ) + даро́га ( daróha ,“ path ” ) + -а ( -a ) → бездаро́жжа ( bjezdaróžža ,“ impassibility ” ) па- ( pa- ) + ве́цер ( vjécjer ,“ wind ” ) + -а ( -a ) → паве́тра ( pavjétra ,“ air ” ) Syllable stress is usually drawn onto the syllable before the suffix. Inherited fromProto-Slavic *-a Proto-Indo-European *-ōd ablative ending.
-я ( -ja ) —used for nouns ending in-ь ( -ʹ ) or-й ( -j ) -а • (-a )
Forms the genitive singular of most masculine and neuter nouns. дом ( dom ,“ building ” ) + -а ( -a ) → до́ма ( dóma ,“ of a/the building, a/the building's ” ) крыло́ ( kryló ,“ wing ” ) + -а ( -a ) → крыла́ ( krylá ,“ of a/the wing, a/the wing's ” ) Forms the count form of some nouns. CompareRussian Ukrainian -о ( -o ) .
-а • (-a )
Suffix added to adjectives to produce adverbs ху́ткі ( xútki ,“ quick ” ) + -а ( -a ) → ху́тка ( xútka ,“ quickly ” ) да́ўні ( dáwni ,“ old ” ) + -а ( -a ) → даўно́ ( dawnó ,“ long time ago ” ) Not to be confused with-а- ( -a- ) when used in compounds following adjectives. -а • (-a ) m
the ( singular masculine objectdefinite article , suffixed to masculine nouns/adjectives to mean “the” ) -а • (-a ) (front vowel variant -е
Formsagent nouns :-er ,-or пӑх ( păh ,“ to look ” ) + -а ( -a ) → пӑха ( păh̬a ,“ supervisor ” ) Forms instrument nouns by means of which the action is performed пӑр ( păr ,“ to turn ” ) + -а ( -a ) → пӑра ( păra ,“ drill ” ) Forms resultative nouns вит ( vit ,“ to cover ” ) + -а ( -a ) → вите ( vit̬e ,“ stable ” ) Forms nouns of location ҫарат ( śarat ,“ to clear ” ) + -а ( -a ) → ҫарата ( śarat̬a ,“ meadow ” ) -а • (-a ) (front vowel variant -е
( non-productive ) Formsdiminutives ҫӳҫ ( śüś ,“ hair ” ) + -а ( -a ) → ҫӳҫе ( śüś̬e ,“ fringe ” ) мӑй ( măj ,“ neck ” ) + -а ( -a ) → мӑя ( măja ,“ necklace ” ) -а • (-a )
Form of-й ( -i ) in hard words and after a consonant. Form of-ға ( -ğa ) in hard words and after 1st and 2nd possessive endings-ім ( -ım ) and-ің ( -ıñ ) . -а • (-a ) (soft stem variant -я
Used to form nouns describing the quality of an adjective ;-ness Used to form adjectives having a characteristic of a noun ;-like ,-ly Used to form postpositions measuring the preceding noun in the quality of an adjective ; as ... asBubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949 ),Грамматика литературного коми языка Grammar of the literary Komi language 61 Inherited fromProto-Slavic *-a
-а • (-a )
Accusative sufix in itssingular form,male gender.
ЗаСтамбола , заСолуна Битола не давам. ZaStambola , zaSoluna Bitola ne davam. ForSalonica , forIstanbul , I wouldn't give Bitola. Братбрата не рани, тешко кој го нема. Bratbrata ne rani, teško koj go nema. Brother doesn't woundbrother , hard is it for him, who doesn't have him.Јас Методи Патче одОхрида ослободен од битолски затвор. Па си тргнав заОхрида града , там' не најдов ни мајка, ни татко. Jas Metodi Patče odOhrida osloboden od bitolski zatvor. Pa si trgnav zaOhrida grada , tam' ne najdov ni majka, ni tatko. I, Metodi Patče fromOhrid , freed from a prison in Bitola. So I set forth forthe city of Ohrid , there I found neither mother nor father. The productivity in standard Macedonian is debatable although it's very productive in some dialects like the Vevčani or Kumanovo dialect. It's use was greater earlier after standardisation and has since declined. Used with animate nouns (Јована, Бога, човека, брата, татка си, сина си, деда си) and place names (Прилепа града, Стамбола, Солуна).
Inherited fromProto-Uralic *-ë
-а (-a )( Sosva , Upper Lozva , Sygva , Ob )
An enclitic,question -forminginterrogative particle . 1982 Je. I. Rombandejeva , Je. A. Kuzakova,Slovarʹ mansijsko-russkij i russko-mansijskij [Dictionary Mansi-Russian and Russian-Mansi Ты ма̄ныр? Кол-а ? Ty mānyr? Kol-a ? What is this? A house? -я ( -ja ) —used after a soft consonant -а • (-a )
Noun-formingsuffix used to formdiminutives ofproper names ; used after ahard (unpalatalized ) consonant. From earlyProto-Slavic *-ja
-а • (-a )
Noun-formingsuffix used to formabstract nouns andagent nouns from prefixed stems ending in a consonant that becomes a hushing consonant (ш ж ч щ iotated . The final consonant of the stem is iotated before this suffix. по- ( po- ) + клад- ( klad- ,“ tolay , toput ” ) + -а ( -a ) → покла́жа ( pokláža ,“ load ” ) пропа́д- ( propád- ,“ todisappear ” ) + -а ( -a ) → пропа́жа ( propáža ,“ disappearance ,loss ” ) пред- ( pred- ,“ before ” ) + тек- ( tek- ,“ toflow ” ) + -а ( -a ) → предте́ча ( predtéča ,“ forerunner ,precursor ” ) переда́т- ( peredát- ,“ tobroadcast ” ) + -а ( -a ) → переда́ча ( peredáča ,“ broadcast ” ) Inherited fromProto-Slavic *-a
-а • (-a )
Noun-formingsuffix used to formabstract nouns andagent nouns from prefixed stems. The final consonant of the stem is not iotated before this suffix. про- ( pro- ) + сек- ( sek- ,“ tocut ” ) + -а ( -a ) → про́сека ( próseka ,“ path cleared in aforest ” ) от- ( ot- ) + рад ( rad ,“ glad ” ) + -а ( -a ) → отра́да ( otráda ,“ joy ” ) -а (Latin spelling -a
Suffix appended to words (usually verbal stems) to create a feminine noun, usually denoting a relation or to form a proper noun. Inherited fromProto-Slavic *-a
-а (Latin spelling -a
Forms the genitive singular of masculine and neuter nouns and indefinite adjectives. Inherited fromOld Ruthenian -а ( -a ) , fromOld East Slavic -а ( -a ) , fromProto-Slavic *-a
-а • (-a ) m or f variant -я Etymology 1 )
used to form femininedeverbal nouns denoting a result, process or an abstract concept загати́ти pf ( zahatýty ,“ todam up ” ) + -а ( -a ) → зага́та f ( zaháta ,“ dam ” ) змогти́ pf ( zmohtý ,“ to beable to, tomanage to ” ) + -а ( -a ) → змо́га f ( zmóha ,“ ability ,possibility ,opportunity ” ) сплати́ти pf ( splatýty ,“ topay ” ) + -а ( -a ) → спла́та f ( spláta ,“ pay ,payment ” ) послужи́ти pf ( poslužýty ,“ toserve ” ) + -а ( -a ) → по́слуга f ( pósluha ,“ service ” ) позичи́ти pf ( pozyčýty ,“ toborrow , tolend ” ) + -а ( -a ) → по́зика f ( pózyka ,“ loan ” ) used to form gender neutral nouns denoting a person characterized by the root word не- ( ne- ,“ not ” ) + чепури́тися impf ( čepurýtysja ,“ tosmarten oneself up , topreen ” ) + -а ( -a ) → нечепу́ра gender-neutral ( nečepúra ,“ aslovenly /unkempt person ” ) при- ( pry- ) + ве́ред m ( véred ,“ whim ,caprice ” ) + -а ( -a ) → привере́да gender-neutral ( pryveréda ,“ apicky /capricious person ” ) нікче́м(ний) ( nikčém(nyj) ,“ good-for-nothing ,worthless ,insignificant ” ) + -а ( -a ) → нікче́ма gender-neutral ( nikčéma ,“ good-for-nothing ,looser ,zero ,nonentity ,crumb ” ) used to form feminine counterparts of masculine nouns ону́к ,вну́к m ( onúk, vnúk ,“ grandson ” ) + -а ( -a ) → ону́ка ,вну́ка f ( onúka, vnúka ,“ granddaughter ” ) по- ( po- ) + друг m ( druh ,“ male friend ” ) + -а ( -a ) → по́друга f ( pódruha ,“ female friend ” ) раб m ( rab ,“ male slave ” ) + -а ( -a ) → раба́ f ( rabá ,“ female slave ” ) Declension of -́а́(pers/inan hard fem-form accent-a) singular plural nominative -а -a -и -y genitive -и -y — dative -і -i -ам -am accusative -у -u - -и - ,-y instrumental -ою -oju -ами -amy locative -і -i -ах -ax vocative -о -o -и -y
Inherited fromOld Ruthenian -а ( -a ) , fromOld East Slavic -а ( -a ) , fromProto-Slavic *-ja
-я ( -ja ) —after consonants other thanч ж ш щ -а • (-a ) f
alternative form of-я ( -ja ,Etymology 1 ) used afterч ж ш щ зада́ти pf ( zadáty ,“ toassign , toraise ( question ) ” ) + -я ( -ja ) → зада́ча f ( zadáča ,“ task ,problem ” ) огороди́ти pf ( ohorodýty ,“ tofence in , toenclose ” ) + -я ( -ja ) → огоро́жа f ( ohoróža ,“ fence ” ) пло́ский ( plóskyj ,“ flat ” ) + -я ( -ja ) → пло́ща f ( plóšča ,“ square ” ) ти́хий ( týxyj ,“ quiet ,silent ” ) + -я ( -ja ) → ти́ша f ( týša ,“ silence ,quietness ” ) утекти́ pf ( utektý ,“ toflee , toescape ” ) + -я ( -ja ) → уте́ча f ( utéča ,“ flight ,run ” ) Declension of -́а(pers/inan semisoft fem-form accent-a) singular plural nominative -а -a -і -i genitive -і -i — dative -і -i -ам -am accusative -у -u - -і - ,-i instrumental -ею -eju -ами -amy locative -і -i -ах -ax vocative -е -e -і -i
See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.
-а • (-a ) (variant -я Etymology 4 )
feminine nominative / vocative singular of-ий ( -yj ) -а • (-a ) m
non-ar/-j genitive / accusative singular of-∅ Inherited fromOld Ruthenian -а ( -a ) , fromOld East Slavic -а ( -a ) , fromProto-Slavic *-ę
-я́ ( -já ) —after consonants other thanч ж ш щ -а́ • (-á ) n
alternative form of-я́ ( -já ,Etymology 2 ) used afterч ж ш щ ку́рка f ( kúrka ,“ chicken ” ) + -я ( -ja ) → курча́ n ( kurčá ,“ chick ” ) верблю́д m ( verbljúd ,“ camel ” ) + -я ( -ja ) → верблюжа́ n ( verbljužá ,“ camel calf ” ) ведмі́дь m ( vedmídʹ ,“ bear ” ) + -я ( -ja ) → ведмежа́ n ( vedmežá ,“ bear cub ” ) 
